The transmission of video content over a network raises various issues relating to copyright authenticity,ethics,legality,and privacy.The protection of copyrighted video content is a significant issue in the video ind...The transmission of video content over a network raises various issues relating to copyright authenticity,ethics,legality,and privacy.The protection of copyrighted video content is a significant issue in the video industry,and it is essential to find effective solutions to prevent tampering and modification of digital video content during its transmission through digital media.However,there are stillmany unresolved challenges.This paper aims to address those challenges by proposing a new technique for detectingmoving objects in digital videos,which can help prove the credibility of video content by detecting any fake objects inserted by hackers.The proposed technique involves using two methods,the H.264 and the extraction color features methods,to embed and extract watermarks in video frames.The study tested the performance of the system against various attacks and found it to be robust.The evaluation was done using different metrics such as Peak-Signal-to-Noise Ratio(PSNR),Mean Squared Error(MSE),Structural Similarity Index Measure(SSIM),Bit Correction Ratio(BCR),and Normalized Correlation.The accuracy of identifying moving objects was high,ranging from 96.3%to 98.7%.The system was also able to embed a fragile watermark with a success rate of over 93.65%and had an average capacity of hiding of 78.67.The reconstructed video frames had high quality with a PSNR of at least 65.45 dB and SSIMof over 0.97,making them imperceptible to the human eye.The system also had an acceptable average time difference(T=1.227/s)compared with other state-of-the-art methods.展开更多
The International Telecommunications Union （ITU-T） and the International Standardization Organization/International Electrotechnical Commission （ISO/IEC） are the only two formal organizations that developed video ...The International Telecommunications Union （ITU-T） and the International Standardization Organization/International Electrotechnical Commission （ISO/IEC） are the only two formal organizations that developed video coding standards. The ITU-T video coding standards called recommendations and are usually optimized for real-time video communication such as videoconference and video telephony while the ISO/IEC standards are mainly designed for storage （DVD） and broadcast （satellite and digital TV）. ITU-T and the ISO/IEC JTC1 have agreed to join their efforts in the development of H.264 standard, which was initiated by ITU-T committee. The ITU-T H.264 video coding standard has been developed to achieve significant improvements over the existing standards in compression performance, although the basic coding framework of the standard is similar to that of the existing standards. H.264 standard is compared with H.263 and test results showed the coding gains obtained by the H.264 encoder is over the H.263 encoder for Common Intermediate Format （CIF） and Quarter Common Intermediate Format （QCIF）sequences, respectively. H.264 achieves an average of 4 dB PSNR（peak signal-to-noise rate） gain for the selected ten CIF sequences at 30 frames per second, and 4.57 dB Peak Signal-to-Noise Rate （PSNR） gain for the selected ten QCIF sequences at 30 frames per second.展开更多
文摘The transmission of video content over a network raises various issues relating to copyright authenticity,ethics,legality,and privacy.The protection of copyrighted video content is a significant issue in the video industry,and it is essential to find effective solutions to prevent tampering and modification of digital video content during its transmission through digital media.However,there are stillmany unresolved challenges.This paper aims to address those challenges by proposing a new technique for detectingmoving objects in digital videos,which can help prove the credibility of video content by detecting any fake objects inserted by hackers.The proposed technique involves using two methods,the H.264 and the extraction color features methods,to embed and extract watermarks in video frames.The study tested the performance of the system against various attacks and found it to be robust.The evaluation was done using different metrics such as Peak-Signal-to-Noise Ratio(PSNR),Mean Squared Error(MSE),Structural Similarity Index Measure(SSIM),Bit Correction Ratio(BCR),and Normalized Correlation.The accuracy of identifying moving objects was high,ranging from 96.3%to 98.7%.The system was also able to embed a fragile watermark with a success rate of over 93.65%and had an average capacity of hiding of 78.67.The reconstructed video frames had high quality with a PSNR of at least 65.45 dB and SSIMof over 0.97,making them imperceptible to the human eye.The system also had an acceptable average time difference(T=1.227/s)compared with other state-of-the-art methods.
文摘The International Telecommunications Union （ITU-T） and the International Standardization Organization/International Electrotechnical Commission （ISO/IEC） are the only two formal organizations that developed video coding standards. The ITU-T video coding standards called recommendations and are usually optimized for real-time video communication such as videoconference and video telephony while the ISO/IEC standards are mainly designed for storage （DVD） and broadcast （satellite and digital TV）. ITU-T and the ISO/IEC JTC1 have agreed to join their efforts in the development of H.264 standard, which was initiated by ITU-T committee. The ITU-T H.264 video coding standard has been developed to achieve significant improvements over the existing standards in compression performance, although the basic coding framework of the standard is similar to that of the existing standards. H.264 standard is compared with H.263 and test results showed the coding gains obtained by the H.264 encoder is over the H.263 encoder for Common Intermediate Format （CIF） and Quarter Common Intermediate Format （QCIF）sequences, respectively. H.264 achieves an average of 4 dB PSNR（peak signal-to-noise rate） gain for the selected ten CIF sequences at 30 frames per second, and 4.57 dB Peak Signal-to-Noise Rate （PSNR） gain for the selected ten QCIF sequences at 30 frames per second.
