5-9 Application of Strati ed Implantation for Silicon Micro-strip Detectors

The silicon micro-strip detector was fabricated by MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) techniques[1].According to the application requirement and the process parameters, a large amount of B+ ions at 40 keV and1.51014 ions/cm2 have been implanted into the wafers. It is found that more than 50% of the micro strips cannotform a functional P-N junction. Based on the suggestion of simulation results, the process of stratified implantationwas then applied with the following procedures. B+ ions were firstly implanted into the wafer at 40 keV, 21014ions/cm2, and then sequentially implanted at 20 keV, 21014 ions/cm2 into the same wafers. Preliminary testresults show that over 95% of the silicon micro-strips in this batch have a perfect P-N junction with a reverse bodyresistance larger than 500 MΩ
cm. The energy resolution for 5.156 MeV particles of 239Pu source is about 0.8%or even less, as shown in Fig. 1. The structure of the detectors is therefore definitely different from the designeddevices (Fig. 2(a)) shown in Fig. 1, which is more like a P-P+-N structure as shown in Fig. 2(b).

Clinical Application of Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty and Stent Implantation in Acute Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis

Purpose: To analyze the application of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting in acute deep venous thrombosis of lower extremities. Methods: 70 patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting. Results: The mean circumferential diameter difference between the affected limbs and the healthy limbs and the knees at 15 cm was statistically significant. The cure rate and effective rate of the research group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting are of high value in acute lower extremity deep venous thrombosis.

Review of magnesium-based biomaterials and their applications

In biomedical applications,the conventionally used metallic materials,including stainless steel,Co-based alloys and Ti alloys,often times exhibit unsatisfactory results such as stress shielding and metal ion releases.Secondary surgical operation(s)usually become inevitable to prevent long term exposure of body with the toxic implant contents.The metallic biomaterials are being revolutionized with the development of biodegradable materials including several metals,alloys,and metallic glasses.As such,the nature of metallic biomaterials are transformed from the bioinert to bioactive and multi-biofunctional(anti-bacterial,anti-proliferation,anti-cancer,etc.).Magnesium-based biomaterials are candidates to be used as new generation biodegradable metals.Magnesium(Mg)can dissolve in body fluid that means the implanted Mg can degrade during healing process,and if the degradation is controlled it would leave no debris after the completion of healing.Hence,the need for secondary surgical operation(s)for the implant removal could be eliminated.Besides its biocompatibility,the inherent mechanical properties of Mg are very similar to those of human bone.Researchers have been working on synthesis and characterization of Mg-based biomaterials with a variety of composition in order to control the degradation rate of Mg since uncontrolled degradation could result in loss of mechanical integrity,metal contamination in the body and intolerable hydrogen evolution by tissue.It was observed that the applied methods of synthesis and the choice of components affect the characteristics and performance of the Mg-based biomaterials.Researchers have synthesized many Mg-based materials through several synthesis routes and investigated their mechanical properties,biocompatibility and degradation behavior through in vitro,in vivo and in silico studies.This paper is a comprehensive review that compiles,analyses and critically discusses the recent literature on the important aspects of Mg-based biomaterials.

Recent developments in functional organic polymer coatings for biomedical applications in implanted devices

Organic polymer coatings have been commonly used in biomedical field,which play an important role in achieving biological antifouling,drug delivery,and bacteriostasis.With the continuous development of polymer science,organic polymer coatings can be designed with complex and advanced functions,which is conducive to the construction of biomedical materials with different performances.According to different physical and chemical properties of materials,biomedical organic polymer coating materials are classified into zwitterionic polymers,non-ionic polymers,and biomacromolecules.The strategies of combining coatings with substrates include physical adsorption,chemical grafting,and self-adhesion.Though the coating materials and construction methods are different,many biomedical polymer coatings have been developed to achieve excellent performances,i.e.,enhanced lubrication,anti-inflammation,antifouling,antibacterial,drug release,anti-encrustation,anti-thrombosis,etc.Consequently,a large number of biomedical polymer coatings have been used in artificial lungs,ureteral stent,vascular flow diverter,and artificial joints.In this review,we summarize different types,properties,construction methods,biological functions,and clinical applications of biomedical organic polymer coatings,and prospect future direction for development of organic polymer coatings in biomedical field.It is anticipated that this review can be useful for the design and synthesis of functional organic polymer coatings with various biomedical purposes.

Advances in Medical Applications of Additive Manufacturing

In the past few decades,additive manufacturing(AM)has been developed and applied as a cost-effective and versatile technique for the fabrication of geometrically complex objects in the medical industry.In this review,we discuss current advances of AM in medical applications for the generation of pharmaceuticals,medical implants,and medical devices.Oral and transdermal drugs can be fabricated by a variety of AM technologies.Different types of hard and soft clinical implants have also been realized by AM,with the goal of producing tissue-engineered constructs.In addition,medical devices used for diagnostics and treatment of various pathological conditions have been developed.The growing body of research on AM reveals its great potential in medical applications.The goal of this review is to highlight the usefulness and elucidate the current limitations of AM applications in the medical field.

Laser additive manufacturing of biodegradable Mg-based alloys for biomedical applications: A review

Metallic implants are widely used in internal fixation of bone fracture in surgical treatment.They are mainly used for providing mechanical support and stability during bone reunion,which usually takes a few months to complete.Conventional implants made of stainless steels,Ti-based alloys and CoCrMo alloys have been widely used for orthopedic reconstruction due to their high strength and high corrosion resistance.Such metallic implants will remain permanently inside the body after implantation,and a second surgery after bone healing is needed because the long-term presence of implant will lead to various problems.An implant removal surgery not only incurs expenditure,but also risk and psychological burden.As a consequence,studies on the development of biodegradable implants,which would degrade and disappear in vivo after bone reunion is completed,have drawn researchers’attention.In this connection,Mg-based alloys have shown great potentials as promising implant materials mainly due to their low density,inherent biocompatibility,biodegradability and mechanical properties close to those of bone.However,the high degradation rate of Mg-based implants in vivo is the biggest hurdle to overcome.Apart from materials selection,a fixation implant is ideally tailor-made in size and shape for an individual case,for best surgical outcomes.Therefore,laser additive manufacturing(LAM),with the advent of sophisticated laser systems and software,is an ideal process to solve these problems.In this paper,we reviewed the progress in LAM of biodegradable Mg-based alloys for biomedical applications.The effect of powder properties and laser processing parameter on the formability and quality was thoroughly discussed.The microstructure,phase constituents and metallurgical defects formed in the LAMed samples were delineated.The mechanical properties,corrosion resistance,biocompatibility and antibacterial properties of the LAMed samples were summarized and compared with samples fabricated by traditional processes.In addition,we have made some suggestions for advancing the knowledge in the LAM of Mg-based alloys for biomedical implants.

Modern Monitoring Intraocular Pressure Sensing Devices Based on Application Specific Integrated Circuits

Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative condition that is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is the main risk factor for the development and progression of the disease. Methods to lower IOP remain the first line treatments for the condition. Current methods of IOP measurement do not permit temporary noninvasive monitoring 24-hour IOP on a periodic basis. Ongoing research will in time provide a means of developing a device that will enable continuous or temporary monitoring of IOP. At present a device suitable for clinical use is not yet available.This review contains a description of different devices currently in development for measuring IOP: soft contact lens, LC resonant circuits and on-chip sensing devices. All of them use application-specific integrated circuits (ASICS) to process the measured signals and send them to recording devices. Soft contact lens devices are based on an embedded strain gauge, LC circuits vary their resonance frequency depending on the intraocular pressure (IOP) and, finally, on-chip sensing devices include an integrated microelectromechanical sensor (MEMS). MEMS are capacitors whose capacity varies with IOP. These devices allow for an accurate IOP measurement (up to +/– 0.2 mm Hg) with high sampling rates (up to 1 sample/min) and storing 1 week of raw data. All of them operate in an autonomous way and even some of them are energetically independent.

种植钉支抗在口腔正畸领域的应用情况综述

种植钉支抗在口腔正畸领域应用广泛,而不同国家的使用情况存在差别。本文总结了相关的调查研究方法,种植钉的使用情况、优势与适应证、并发症以及影响种植钉应用的因素,结果发现:目前种植钉的使用率为43.7%~93.3%,但现有不同调查之间的标准存在差异,难以得出进一步的结论;种植钉适用于内收前牙、压低后牙等多种情况,在加强支抗的同时有利于减少对患者依从性的依赖;常见并发症有松动脱落、软组织反应和牙根损伤等;医生的年龄、性别、教育背景、治疗费用以及患者对种植钉的接受程度等因素可能影响其使用。目前尚缺少我国在种植钉支抗应用情况的相关调查研究。

生物医用增材制造多孔钽的研究进展

随着钽金属制备技术的发展,多孔钽植入物在骨科等生物医疗领域得到了更广泛的应用。多孔钽是一种内部孔隙连通的生物医用材料,可为细胞和组织的向内生长、血管化和新骨形成提供绝佳的基体。采用增材制造技术可精确定制多孔钽的宏观外形和内部孔隙特征,满足精准医疗的发展需求。本文综述了生物医用增材制造多孔钽在原材料、制备技术、力学行为与体内外评价和临床应用等方面的相关进展,并基于当前的技术趋势提出了增材制造多孔钽的未来发展方向。

金属有机框架与种植体表面改性及其应用

背景:近年来,金属有机框架由于其特有性质在生物医学领域应用广泛,可以将金属有机框架应用于种植体表面改性,以改善其生物学性能,提高手术成功率。目的:介绍种植体表面改性领域常用的金属有机框架以及种植体表面金属有机框架改性的制备和作用机制。方法:采用计算机检索中国知网、PubMed和Web of Science数据库中有关金属有机框架应用于种植体表面改性的研究资料,选取发表于2010-2023年的相关文献,最终纳入64篇文献进行综述分析。结果与结论:①金属有机框架具有孔隙率高、比表面积大及空间结构多样等性质,作为一种生物活性材料,金属有机框架在组织工程和再生医学中逐渐引起重视。②种植体改性领域常用的金属有机框架类型主要有3种:类沸石骨架材料最常作为载体应用,负载各种药物和生物分子,MIL系列材料适用于药物载体和纳米酶,Bio-金属有机框架因结构多样而应用广泛,突出特点是优异的生物安全性。③金属有机框架改性的种植体材料制备方法大致分为两类,第一类是将已合成的金属有机框架结合到预处理植入材料上,第二类是在预处理的材料表面原位合成金属有机框架。④种植体表面的金属有机框架通过降解释放自身组分、负载药物、催化活性反应及与其他材料联合等多种机制,赋予种植体抗菌抗炎促进骨整合的特性,但金属有机框架涂层制备方法还需要进一步完善,同时应深入探究材料后续代谢和分布问题,积极推动其在临床上的应用。

Influence of laser parameters on the microstructures and surface properties in laser surface modification of biomedical magnesium alloys

Biodegradable implants from magnesium(Mg)alloys have emerged in the biomedical field especially in the orthopedic and cardiovascular stent applications owing to their low density,high specific strength,excellent machinability,good biocompatibility,and biodegradability.The primary shortcoming of Mg-based implants is their low corrosion resistance in the physiological environment,which results in premature mechanical integrity loss before adequate healing and the production of excessive hydrogen gas,which is harmful to the body tissues and negatively affects the biocompatibility of the implant.Laser surface modification has recently received attention because it can improve the surface properties such as surface chemistry,roughness,topography,corrosion resistance,wear resistance,hydrophilicity,and thus cell response to the surface of the material.The composition and microstructures including textures and phases of laser-treated surfaces depend largely on the laser processing parameters(input laser power,laser scan velocity,frequency,pulse duration,pressure,gas circulation,working time,spot size,beam focal position,and laser track overlap)and the thermophysical properties of the substrate(solubility,melting point,and boiling point).This review investigates the impacts of various laser surface modification techniques including laser surface melting,laser surface alloying,laser cladding,laser surface texturing,and laser shock peening,and highlights their significance in improving the surface properties of biodegradable Mg alloys for implant applications.Additionally,we explore how different laser process parameters affect its composition,microstructure,and surface properties in each laser surface modification technique.

铈及铈基材料在口腔疾病领域中的应用

背景:铈(cerium,Ce)是含量最丰富的镧系元素,主要以氧化铈的形式存在。Ce^(3+)和Ce^(4+)两种价态之间快速转化使铈兼具氧化剂和还原剂的作用,具有抗菌、抗炎、促进组织再生和抗肿瘤等多种生物学活性,在口腔医学领域具有广泛的应用。目的:概述铈在抗菌、抗炎、促进组织再生及抗肿瘤中的作用和机制,综述近年来铈和铈基材料在口腔材料改性和口腔疾病诊疗中的研究现状和应用前景。方法:以“cerium,ceria,prosthodontics,prosthesis,restorative dentistry,denture,dental implant,caries,endodontics,pulpitis,periodontitis,periodontal diseases,oral cancer”为英文检索词,以“铈,氧化铈,修复,种植,龋齿,龋病,牙髓,牙周炎,牙周疾病,口腔癌”为中文检索词,分别在Web of Science、PubMed、中国知网及万方数据库进行文献检索,检索时限为各数据库建库至2023年。通过分析和阅读文献进行筛选,按照排除筛选标准纳入文献,最终纳入73篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:①铈主要通过直接接触细菌、氧化应激和破坏细菌生物膜发挥抗菌作用,同时依赖氧化还原酶模拟活性清除活性氧而发挥抗炎功能,铈的成骨和成血管活性涉及ERK和Wnt等一系列信号通路。②铈的抗菌、抗炎、成骨和成血管活性使其在治疗口腔感染性疾病和促进口腔软硬组织再生中具有广阔的应用前景,但铈的抗肿瘤特性在口腔领域的应用仍存在一定空白。③作为口腔陶瓷材料,氧化铈稳定的氧化锆具有优异的机械物理性能,但透光性较低,适用于制作基底瓷、义齿支架和种植体。④依托铈的生物学活性,铈基材料能够有效促进种植体骨和软组织整合,抑制牙齿脱矿和致龋菌生长,促进牙本质牙髓复合体再生,减轻牙周炎炎症反应并促进牙周组织再生,在种植体表面改性、龋病预防、牙髓炎、牙周疾病和口腔癌的诊疗中均有较大的应用潜力。⑤铈在高浓度和长时间给药的情况下存在潜在的毒性,为进一步扩大铈在口腔临床实际中的应用,铈的生物安全性以及铈基材料适应口腔环境的优化在未来仍需更详尽的研究。

中药穴位贴敷、穴位埋线序贯疗法在2型糖尿病伴肥胖患者中的疗效观察

目的:观察“中药穴位贴敷-穴位埋线”序贯疗法在2型糖尿病伴肥胖患者中的疗效。方法:选取2020年5月~2023年5月我院收治的102例2型糖尿病伴肥胖患者,随机分为对照组和观察组各51例,对照组给予常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予序贯治疗,12周后比较治疗后两组患者临床疗效、中医证候积分、血糖水平[空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2h血糖(2hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)]、胰岛素抵抗指标[胰岛素抵抗指数(HOAM-IR)、胰岛素分泌指数(HOAM-β)]、肥胖指标[体重、体质量指数(BMI)、体脂率]、炎症因子[C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]及不良反应发生情况。结果:观察组临床总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组中医证候积分、FBG、2hPG、HbA1c、HOAM-IR、体重、BMI、体脂率及CRP、IL-6、TNF-α水平均降低,HOAM-β升高(P<0.05),且观察组中医证候积分、FBG、2hPG、HbA1c、HOAM-IR、体重、BMI、体脂率及CRP、IL-6、TNF-α水平均低于对照组,HOAM-β高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较无差异(P>0.05)。结论:“中药穴位贴敷-穴位埋线”序贯疗法在2型糖尿病伴肥胖患者中的效果明显,可有效控制血糖水平和体质量,改善胰岛功能和机体炎症状态,且患者依从性高、安全性较高,值得临床推广应用。

可靠性标准YY/T1837—2022在有源植入式医疗器械研制中的应用探讨

在医疗器械领域,长期缺乏高风险有源植入式医疗器械研制中可应用的可靠性通用技术要求框架,该研究结合YY/T 1837—2022的要求,全面阐释探讨了有源植入式医疗器械产品在研制各阶段可进行的可靠性工作的要求,为行业内产品可靠性工作提供参考。

HRCT三维重建在人工耳蜗植入术的临床应用研究

目的探讨高分辨率CT(HRCT)三维重建在人工耳蜗植入术(CI)的临床应用。方法选取2021年6月~2023年4月在本院确诊的60例神经性耳聋患者,均行CI术治疗,术前和术后采用美国GE Optima CT680进行扫描,HRCT扫描期间采用三维容积再现(VRT)、多平面图像(MPR)、曲面重建(CPR)、斜面重组(OPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)等技术。记录CI术后耳蜗相关参数[线性植入深度(LID)、角度植入深度、耳蜗底转直径及周长(A值、R值)],比较HRCT在术前、术后实测结果。结果在CI术后,LID、角度植入深度、A值和R值等耳蜗相关参数均符合取值范围。CI术前、术后,HRCT检测的面神经到蜗窗、面神经到前庭窗、面神经隐窝到蜗窗、面神经隐窝到前庭窗等距离均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论HRCT三维重建可较为清晰显神经性耳聋患者内耳解剖结构,且可为CI术提供耳蜗相关参数,具有较好的临床应用。

新型材料在口腔种植体骨结合中的应用进展

随着对口腔生物材料的持续开发,新型材料在口腔种植中的地位也变得日益突出。21世纪的科学技术发展,使生物、医学、材料等多个领域交叉发展,从而促进了生物材料学的发展。由于种植体材料的种类繁多,其所产生的效果也不尽相同;因此,文章将以骨结合原理作为切入点,从口腔种植技术的操作过程出发,对各种新型口腔种植体材料的生物兼容性和成骨性能进行深入探讨。此外,从受植部位的角度出发,通过对种植窝骨缺损的修复,加速牙槽嵴的改建,并采用骨增殖剂来增加骨量,从而提高种植体的成活率。最终对新型材料在口腔种植甚至是口腔医学领域中的应用进行科学的评价。

多层螺旋CT上腔静脉三维成像技术在评估Cuff导管植入术后导管功能障碍中的应用价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT上腔静脉三维成像技术在Cuff导管植入术后评估导管功能障碍中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2019年5月至2021年8月海军第九七一医院因慢性肾衰竭行双腔带Cuff导管留置术,且术后出现导管功能障碍并接受CT上腔静脉三维成像(上腔静脉CTV)的20例患者的临床资料。上述患者中进行颈部血管彩超者13例、数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查者7例。将上腔静脉CTV结果、彩超结果、DSA检查结果进行比较分析。结果20例接受CT上腔静脉三维成像检查者中,CT图像清晰显示导管植入不同血管的位置,明确显示了导管尖端所在位置。呈现Cuff导管的情况分别为:周围血栓致功能障碍15例,导管滑脱2例,植管后皮下隧道疼痛2例,无明显症状1例。行颈部彩超检查的13例中,仅有1例显示头臂静脉上段血栓形成,5例显示颈部静脉管腔扩张或内径略小或仅有细小血流通过,余7例未显示。行DSA检查7例,均用于分析长期血液透析导管血流量减低及造瘘后肿胀手的原因、DSA引导下重新植管及长期血液透析导管纤维鞘去除术等诊疗应用。结论改良的上腔静脉CT三维成像技术空间分辨率高、可重复性强,能立体直观地显示血液透析患者Cuff导管植入血管位置、尖端所在位置、血管通路是否有血栓形成等情况。颈部血管彩超仅作为粗略评价之用;DSA为有创检查,更倾向用于临床治疗。上腔静脉CTV在敏感性、特异性及检查范围上都有较大优势,是评估Cuff导管植入术后导管功能障碍原因中优先选择的检查方法。

T-Scan咬合分析系统在口腔治疗中的研究进展

在口腔临床治疗中,咬合功能的测量和分析对治疗发挥不可忽略的作用,而以往测量咬合状态的方法受口腔医师主观影响,准确性不高,无法量化。大量研究显示T-Scan咬合分析系统能精确测量不同咬合状态下的咬合力与时间实时的关系,精确记录咬合接触时间、力量、面积,并动态分析咬合接触情况。在颞颌关节紊乱疾病、正畸正颌、修复和种植、牙周病等多种口腔疾病治疗中,该系统协助临床医生执行精确和有针对性的咬合诊断和调整,并通过可预测和数值测量的治疗结果评价减少咬合并发症发生,获得良好的治疗效果。该系统量化的数据以可视化的方式展示出来,可最大限度地促进医患沟通,更能满足现代口腔疾病临床治疗的需求。本文就T-Scan咬合分析系统的特点及其在口腔临床中的应用进展做一综述。

钢护筒一体化装置在桥梁植入桩施工中的应用

研究了旋挖机钢护筒埋设钻孔装置在桥梁植入桩施工中的应用。装置主要由安置于钻杆之上的转换设备和钢护筒组成,通过旋挖机驱动装置的正反向转动实现钢护筒的埋设和拔出。在安徽合枞高速桩基工程中,该设备成功解决了旋挖钻植入桩施工中护筒埋设深度不足、塌孔等问题,提高了施工效率和质量,降低了施工成本。研究结果表明,旋挖机钢护筒埋设钻孔一体化装置适应性强,可在不同地质条件下使用。

Biodegradable Mg alloys for orthopedic implants——A review

The last decade has seen a significant growth in the market for alloys used for implants,especially for those intended for orthopedic implants.Research into biodegradable magnesium-based alloys has made great strides in this period,so huge progress has been made in their use in the medical industry.The important factors that led to the intensification of research in this regard,were social but also economic,wanting to improve the quality of life,by reducing the use of conventionally permanent metallic implants(stainless steel,cobalt-based alloys,and titanium alloys)which involve the second implant removal surgery and other undesirable effects(stress shielding and metal ion releases),with a negative impact on the emotional and physical condition of patients,and by significantly reducing the costs for both the patient and the health system in the field of orthopedics.This paper refers to the impact and importance of biodegradable Mg alloys,reviewing the beginning of their development,the significant characteristics that make them so desirable for such applications(orthopedic implants)but also the characteristics that must be modulated(corrosion rate and mechanical properties)to arrive at the ideal product for the targeted application.It highlights,in detail,the mechanism and aspects related to the corrosion behaviour of Mg alloys,electrochemical characterization techniques/methods,as well as strategies to improve the corrosion behaviour and mechanical properties of these types of biodegradable alloys.The means of optimization,the category and the effect of the alloying elements,the design criteria,the requirements that the implants of biodegradable alloys Mg-based must meet and the aspects related to their efficiency are also presented.Finally,the potential applications in the specialized clinics,as well as the final products currently used and made by important prestigious companies in the world are approached.