Developing a Novel Method for Road Hazardous Segment Identification Based on Fuzzy Reasoning and GIS

Roads are one of the most important infrastructures in any country. One problem on road based transportation networks is accident. Current methods to identify of high potential segments of roads for accidents are based on statistical approaches that need statistical data of accident occurrences over an extended period of time so this cannot be applied to newly-built roads. In this research a new approach for road hazardous segment identification (RHSI) is introduced using Geospatial Information System (GIS) and fuzzy reasoning. In this research among all factors that usually play critical roles in the occurrence of traffic accidents, environmental factors and roadway design are considered. Using incomplete data the consideration of uncertainty is herein investigated using fuzzy reasoning. This method is performed in part of Iran's transit roads (Kohin-Loshan) for less expensive means of analyzing the risks and road safety in Iran. Comparing the results of this approach with existing statistical methods shows advantages when data are uncertain and incomplete, specially for recently built transportation roadways where statistical data are limited. Results show in some instances accident locations are somewhat displaced from the segments of highest risk and in few sites hazardous segments are not determined using traditional statistical methods.

Hazard identification and control in the pre-blasting process

Major mineral hazard identifications should consider perilous types of fatal accidents in collieries from its definition, and then set existent hazardous objects and their relevant amount as referenced factors. Eliminating hazards in systems and decreasing risks are their essential purposes with help of hazard identification, risk evaluation and management. By pre-control on major hazards, fatal accidents are avoided, stuffs＇ safety and healthy are protected, levels of safe management are enhanced, and perpetual systems are built up finally. However, choosing the proper identification and evaluation is a problem all along. Based on specific condition in Jiangou Coal Mine, method of LEC was applied for hazard identification and evaluation in the pre-blasting process within horizontal section top-coal mechanized caving of steep seams. And control measures to of each hazard were put forward. The identification method combining qualitative and quantitative analysis. So, it is practical and operable for the method to develop the given scientific research and has a distinctive impact on high efficiency and safety products for pre-blasting in horizontal section top-coal mechanized caving of steep seams.

Rapid Laboratory Comparison Method for Identification of Hazardous Wastes from Illegal Oil Refining

[Objective] This paper aimed to study the rapid identification method of hazardous wastes from illegal oil refining,and provide a new theoretical basis and practical basis for shortening the appraisal cycle and reducing the cost of identification.[Method] The identified substance and the qualified oil products were diluted by carbon disulfide with a ratio of 1∶100 for the gas chromatographic analysis.According to the corresponding national standard,the oil change indexes,such as the moisture content,viscosity,acid value and mechanical impurities of the identified substance,were measured.[Result] By the comparison between the gas chromatogram spectrograms of the identified substance and the qualified oil,it is found that the main component of the identified substance was the mineral oils.And the test results of oil change index showed that the mineral oil was unqualified.[Conclusion] This method was of great significance to save the cost of appraisal and improve the efficiency of case handling.

Computer-aided system for hazard zone identification in ship power plants

The most dangerous places in ships are their power plants. Particularly, they are very unsafe for operators carrying out various necessary operation and maintenance activities. For this reason, ship machinery should be designed to ensure the maximum safety for its operators. It is a very difficult task. Therefore, it could not be solved by means of conventional design methods, which are used for design of uncomplicated technical equipment. One of the possible ways of solving this problem is to provide appropriate tools, which allow us to take the operator's safety into account during a design process, especially at its early stages. A computer-aided system supporting design of safe ship power plants could be such a tool. This paper deals with developing process of a prototype of the computer-aided system for hazard zone identification in ship power plants.

Integrated Hazard Identification(IHI):A Quick Accident Analysis and Quantification Method for Practitioners

There are many techniques for hazard identification and are divided into shortcut,standard and advanced techniques.Among these,HAZOP and What-If techniques are mostly engaged by practitioners in the chemical process industry.Both of these have certain advantages and limitations,i.e.,HAZOP is structured,and what-if covers broad range of scenarios.There is no hazard identification method,which can cover a broad range of scenarios and is structured in nature.For this purpose,a new technique namely integrated hazard identification(IHI)is proposed in this article that integrates HAZOP and What-If.The methodology is demonstrated via hazard identification study of urea synthesis section.Risk ranking is used to sort out the worst-case scenario.This worst-case scenario is further studied in detail for quantification that is performed using the ALOHA software.This quantification has assisted to detect ammonia concentrations in nearby control room and surroundings for worst-case scenario.It is revealed that if ammonia pump is not stopped within 10 minutes,concentration inside and outside the control room may reach to 384 ppm and 2630 ppm,compared to 1100 ppm(AEGL-3).Thus the proposed method would be easy,time saving and covers more details and would be handy for practicing engineers working in different chemical process industries.

HAZID方法浅析

结合实际工程建设项目开展危险源辨识(HAZID)分析的情况,介绍了HAZID分析方法的广义和狭义概念内涵,主要分析步骤、每步主要工作内容、典型引导词、分析形式和特点,并将HA-ZID方法与常用的过程危险源方法、尤其是HAZOP分析方法进行了对比,以帮助读者更好地理解、运用此方法。本文拟推荐的HAZID分析方法将危险化学品行业的风险管理向前延伸到项目的早期阶段(如项目论证、可行性研究、基础工程设计或初步设计阶段),可以帮助项目组在项目建设早期认识与项目有关的健康、安全、环境(HSE)各方面问题的重要性和相关性,所辨识出的关键危险源及其危险,为下一步有重点、有目的地开展项目HSE风险管理确定了关注重点。在早期阶段进行HAZID分析,还可以有机会以最小的代价实现对项目厂址和总图布置的调整、工艺方案和设计原则的优化,可以避免后期再发现HSE隐患、必须整改时可能存在的不可实施性,或对项目费用、进度等产生严重负面影响。

Rapid identification of landslide,collapse and crack based on low-altitude remote sensing image of UAV

Landslides,collapses and cracks are the main types of geological hazards,which threaten the safety of human life and property at all times.In emergency surveying and mapping,it is timeconsuming and laborious to use the method of field artificial investigation and recognition and using satellite image to identify ground hazards,there are some problems,such as time lag,low resolution,and difficult to select the map on demand.In this paper,a10 cm per pixel resolution photogrammetry of a geological hazard-prone area of Taohuagou,Shanxi Province,China is carried out by DJ 4 UAV.The digital orthophoto model(DOM),digital surface model(DSM) and three-dimensional point cloud model(3 DPCM) are generated in this region.The method of visual interpretation of cracks based on DOM(as main)-3 DPCM(as auxiliary) and landslide and collapse based on 3 DPCM(as main)-DOM and DSM(as auxiliary) are proposed.Based on the low altitude remote sensing image of UAV,the shape characteristics,geological characteristics and distribution of the identified hazards are analyzed.The results show that using UAV low altitude remote sensing image,the method of combination of main and auxiliary data can quickly and accurately identify landslide,collapse and crack,the accuracy of crack identification is 93%,and the accuracy of landslide and collapse identification is 100%.It mainly occurs in silty clay and mudstone geology and is greatly affected by slope foot excavation.This study can play a great role in the recognition of sudden hazards by low altitude remote sensing images of UAV.

Risk assessment: an approach to control hazards in mines

Accidents and injuries related to work are major occupational health problems in most of the industrialized countries.Traditional approaches to manage workplace safety in mines have mainly focused on job redesign and technical aspects of engineering systems.It is being realized that compliance to rules and regulations of mines is a prerequisite;however,it is not sufficient to achieve further reduction in accident and injury rates in mines.Proactive approaches are necessary to further improve the safety standards in mines.Unsafe conditions and practices in mines lead to a number of accidents,which in turn may cause loss and injury to human lives,damages to property,and loss of production.Hazard identification and risk assessment is an important task for the mining industry which needs to consider all the risk factors at workplaces.Applications of risk management approaches in mines are necessary to identify and quantify potential hazards and to suggest effective solutions.In this paper,the following risk estimation techniques were discussed:(i)DGMS(Directorate General of Mines Safety,India)risk rating criterion,and(ii)a matrix based approach.The proposed tools were demonstrated through an application in an opencast coal mine in India.It was inferred that the risk assessment approach can be used as an effective tool to indentify and control hazards in mines.

HAZID分析方法及应用过程

危险源辨识作为一种早期的风险识别技术,在石油、石化及化工领域越来越受重视。石化生产企业均为高风险重资产企业,识别风险并采取适当措施能够将企业损失降到最低,保障企业生产安全。HAZID将事后补救变为事前预防,把分析工作做在行动之前,运用本质安全的理念,从根本上消除、避免或消弱高风险事件,避免由于考虑不周造成损失,节约大量的人力成本和资金成本。随着国家对安全领域的重视,危险源辨识将突显其重要作用。

Consequence Identification for Maloperation in Batch Process

Batch processes are important in chemical industry,in which operators usually play a major role and hazards may arise by their inadvertent acts.In this paper,based on hazard and operability study and concept of qualitative simulation,an automatic method for adverse consequence identification for potential maloperation is proposed.The qualitative model for production process is expressed by a novel directed graph.Possible operation deviations from normal operating procedure are identified systematically by using a group of guidewords.The proposed algorithm is used for qualitative simulation of batch processes to identify the effects of maloperations.The method is illustrated with a simple batch process and a batch reaction process.The results show that batch processes can be simulated qualitatively and hazards can be identified for operating procedures including maloperations.After analysis for possible plant maloperations,some measures can be taken to avoid maloperations or reduce losses resulted from maloperations.

HAZID分析方法的浅析与应用

基于近年来我国对重大事故风险管理日益重视的现状,介绍了目前国外高危行业普遍使用的重大事故危险源辨析方法—HAZID分析。不仅介绍了HAZID分析在国内外的应用现状以及具体应用过程,而且还把HAZID分析和国内近年来推广的HAZOP分析做了对比,展示了HAZID分析在项目的风险控制和安全管理中独特且不可替代的作用以及潜在的经济效益。通过介绍在中海油番禺10-2井口平台无人化改造项目上的应用,证明了HAZID分析值得国内项目风险管理以及生产安全管理借鉴和应用。

Hazardous and Harmful Factors on Construction Sites and Their Prevention

In this paper, the status quo of safety production on construction sites and the hazardous and harmful factors in the construction process were analyzed, and corresponding suggestions were proposed to make up for the shortcomings of the safety production assurance system standards on construction sites.

Investigation of Occupational Hazards in Transport Wharf of Liquid Chemicals

Occupational health management of liquid chemical transport wharf is still in its infancy,to grasp the occupational health status of employees in the industry and improve the occupational health management level of employees,taking the liquid chemical transport wharf of an enterprise as the investigation object,according to the relevant domestic occupations.Hygiene standards,using the combination of on-site occupational hygiene survey and workplace occupational hazard factors detection,identify the occupational hazard factors of the wharf and detect the degree of hazard.The survey results show that the overall occupational health of the wharf is basically good,but the noise index is slightly exceeded.It is suggested to further improve the occupational health management level of the wharf by improving the protection technology and strengthening the administrative management.

基于无人机倾斜摄影测量三维建模的区域黄土滑坡识别及特征分析

【研究目的】黄土滑坡是黄土地区人居与城镇建设安全的重大隐患。滑坡识别是滑坡灾害及其他研究工作的基础,因此基于无人机倾斜摄影测量三维建模从不同维度、不同视角直观快速地识别黄土滑坡并进行特征参数提取,能够为黄土滑坡风险识别及风险管理精细化研究提供技术支撑。【研究方法】以宁夏回族自治区固原市彭阳县红河镇西南部的黑牛沟村为研究区,采用无人机倾斜摄影测量数据获取、三维建模、现场验证结合地统计学分析,开展了区域黄土滑坡识别及其特征参数提取和分析。【研究结果】基于三维实景模型确定并分析研究区沟谷沿线地貌凹陷区是否存在陡壁及其周界形态,结合色调、纹理和微地貌等标志实现了黄土滑坡识别,共圈定了23个滑坡,结合现场验证移除2个非滑坡点,最终确定了21个滑坡;滑坡密集分布在主沟和支沟沟口,多呈对滑的形式出现在沟谷两侧且具有群发性;大型及特大型滑坡占比达到57.14%,滑坡的滑动方向主要以西南(阳坡)、东南(半阳坡)为主,相对高差集中在80~120 m,滑坡体坡形多呈凹形坡,滑坡体坡度主要集中在20°~30°;滑坡体土地利用类型主要为植被,其次为裸地,也有一部分为农田,道路和河流占比极少。【结论】基于无人机倾斜摄影测量构建的三维实景模型可从多维度、多视角精确快速地识别区域黄土滑坡,并分析其相关特征参数,能够弥补当前二维平面遥感影像存在的不足;还能够为滑坡易发性、危险性、易损性及风险评估等相关研究提供数据支撑。

融合VR-眼动的施工现场隐患识别视觉注意与搜索特征研究

为探究施工现场隐患识别视觉注意与搜索特征,提升识别绩效水平,融合虚拟现实(Virtual Reality,VR)和眼动追踪技术,开展VR施工场景内的隐患识别试验,收集不同隐患识别经验群体的眼动数据;运用统计学方法,对比分析累计注视时间、注视百分比等眼动指标的差异性,揭示隐患识别经验与注意力资源分配方式的内在联系;基于眼动轨迹匹配法,聚类首次视觉搜索轨迹,结合施工现场空间布局,探究隐患识别经验影响下搜索习惯的差异。结果表明:经验知识水平对隐患识别绩效具备驱动作用,但隐患专业度过低则会弱化经验知识的效果;被试的注意资源大多集中于具有视觉显著性特征的无关要素,仅有小部分分配于隐患,然而,具有较高经验知识水平的被试对隐患信息更加敏感,分配于隐患的注意资源占比更高;相较于新手组同一区域多次重复的搜索习惯,专家组大多采用某一区域的详细搜索再切换到下一区域的方式。

毒性危险废物利用处置后鉴别技术要点

毒性危险废物是我国固体废物环境管理的重点和难点。危险废物鉴别是识别固体废物危险特性和确定危险废物环境管理对象的重要技术手段和关键依据。目前毒性危险废物利用处置后鉴别的主要问题是对利用和处置情形界定错误、毒性危险特性的确定不准确以及对GB 5085.7−2019《危险废物鉴别标准通则》中“危险废物利用处置后判定规则”未充分掌握,致使危险废物鉴别结论依据不足甚至错误。针对存在的关键问题,提出从3个方面提高毒性危险废物利用处置后鉴别技术:①应根据GB 5085.7−2019《危险废物鉴别标准通则》中的利用和处置定义,对毒性危险废物的利用和处置进行界定。②利用《国家危险废物名录》以及危险废物鉴别标准,准确识别被利用和处置危险废物的毒性危险特性,即《国家危险废物名录》所列危险特性为单独毒性的,以及“,”分隔的多个危险特性中列在第一位为毒性的,均为具有毒性危险特性的危险废物;其他固体废物都需要利用危险废物鉴别标准对其毒性危险特性进行认定。③毒性危险废物利用过程产生的固体废物的危险废物鉴别,应首先依据《国家危险废物名录》鉴别,若已经列入《国家危险废物名录》,则属于危险废物,不应根据危险废物鉴别标准和技术规范进行危险废物鉴别;危险废物处置后产生的固体废物的危险废物鉴别,需精准界定“利用”和“处置”,确属处置的,应明确被处置危险废物的毒性危险特性,只有不具有毒性危险特性时,才可对处置后产生的固体废物进行危险废物鉴别。建议从3个方面提高毒性危险废物利用处置后鉴别技术水平,包括梳理危险废物“利用”和“处置”情形界定的关键技术要点,总结该类鉴别最常出现的错误以及相应的正确鉴别技术,以及构建具有典型毒性危险特性的危险废物利用处置全过程中的危险特性识别体系。

基于建筑信息模型技术与智慧工地理念的地铁施工人员安全管理系统

[目的]人员的不安全行为是导致轨道交通工程施工安全事故的重要因素。为解决现存的视频图像监控系统依赖人工识别、安全质量问题发现不及时、不能及时报警等问题,需要对地铁施工人员安全管理系统展开研究。[方法]从整体架构、采集模块的设备安装、BIM(建筑信息模型)的建立及软件平台等方面,阐述了地铁施工人员安全管理系统的搭建方案。分析了地铁施工人员安全管理系统在具体工程试点的应用情况,进而验证该系统的智能识别准确性。[结果及结论]施工现场应用情况表明,地铁施工人员安全管理系统能智能识别未佩戴安全帽、进入禁止区域、睡岗离岗等人员不安全行为并自动报警,且报警正确率超过98%,大幅提高了安全隐患识别的精度和效率。相关人员通过交互终端即可实时查阅监控视频,实时接收报警信息,快速定位隐患发生位置并处置。

危险废物鉴别采样技术要点解析

我国危险废物产生源和种类非常复杂,产生量巨大且持续增长,规范化环境管理和污染防治面临较大压力。危险废物鉴别是识别固体废物危险特性和确定危险废物环境管理对象的重要技术手段和关键依据。根据危险废物鉴别经验以及发布的危险废物鉴别报告复核工作简报发现,部分鉴别单位在危险废物鉴别过程中,由于对HJ 298—2019《危险废物鉴别技术规范》中采样技术要求未充分掌握,采样不规范,致使危险废物鉴别结论依据不充分甚至错误。因此,对确定生产工艺过程中产生废水处理污泥采样对象、堆存状态固体废物采样对象、平行线固体废物份样数、连续产生固体废物采样时间和频次、间歇产生固体废物采样时间和频次、生产工艺过程产生固体废物的采样方法等采样技术要求进行解析,同时给出了常见的错误采样方式,以期为危险废物鉴别过程中样品采集提供借鉴。

危险废物鉴别中液态物质鉴别技术研究

危险废物鉴别工作中,液态物质的鉴别是常见情形,各鉴别步骤存在的问题较多。根据液态废物的特点,结合GB34330—2017《固体废物鉴别标准通则》和《国家危险废物名录》,基于多年的危险废物鉴别经验,剖析了鉴别过程中常见的问题,解析了对液态物质进行危险废物鉴别的技术方法,针对危险废物鉴别中固体废物鉴别、名录鉴别、危险特性鉴别等关键步骤,提出了关键技术要求:在固体废物鉴别中提出了“排除分析—溯源分析—检测分析”的技术路线;在名录鉴别步骤强调了危险特性来源作为主要关注点,以废物产生工艺描述为主要判断依据;在危险特性鉴别过程中应注意评估急性毒性暴露的可能性,区分液态废物在浸出毒性和毒性物质含量鉴别样品检测过程中的差别。

噪声与危险水平混合条件下危险识别变化特征——基于多模态数据的证据

为探讨噪声和危险水平混合环境下矿工危险识别内在加工过程各指标的变化特征,模拟了有噪声高危险、有噪声低危险、无噪声高危险、无噪声低危险4种不同的环境,召集23名矿工,通过便携式脑电采集系统、人机功效分析系统、无线传感生理仪及E-prime程序采集被试试验中的多模态数据并进行分析。结果表明:噪声环境下被试正确率降低、反应时间变长;噪声环境中P300成分额区波幅最大,噪声影响大脑的高级认知加工,噪声环境下被试心率变异性(Heart Rate Variability,HRV)3个指标都显著升高。噪声对高危险场景的影响更大,无噪声环境下低危险场景往往更难识别,在安全管理中要重视安全隐患的排查。从认知神经科学层面研究危险识别的内在加工机制,为噪声和危险水平对危险识别的影响提供了直接的证据,可为噪声防治以及矿山和煤矿企业安全隐患管理提供一定的依据。