The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of interventions based on health promotion theories in changing the recycling behavior of the targeted population. The study focused on the development and eva...The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of interventions based on health promotion theories in changing the recycling behavior of the targeted population. The study focused on the development and evaluation of innovative recycling education programs that address energy recovery, recycling, and waste management. The study applied Health Belief Model-(HBM) as an approach to motivate recycling behaviors and to evaluate the impact of the applied approaches on recycling set-out rates and participation. A total of 102 households from a Midwestern city participated in this study. The study was conducted over a period of six months. A Likert scale questionnaire was used to collect data on recycling and environmental knowledge, skills, behavior, and attitudes. The other set of data was the weight of recyclables that was obtained at each participant’s curb four times over the six months period of interventions. Results indicated a significant increase in average set out rates of recyclables among HBM participants (21.34 lbs. pre-test to 59.3 lbs. post-test). It was concluded that HBM educational approaches can be effective in motivating recycling. This study signifies the need for renewed effort in motivating individuals, households or businesses to recycle. Not every community or city significantly participates in recycling. Innovative strategies as well the application of approaches in the theories of behavioral change can positively influence recycling and overall waste reduction behaviors.展开更多
采用常规的人体模型(Human Body Model,HBM)进行静电释放(Electro-Static Discharge,ESD)测试时往往容易受到寄生参数的影响,使得电源芯片抗静电能力测量值与实际抗静电能力存在偏差,导致劣质产品通过HBM ESD测试,影响电源芯片产品良品...采用常规的人体模型(Human Body Model,HBM)进行静电释放(Electro-Static Discharge,ESD)测试时往往容易受到寄生参数的影响,使得电源芯片抗静电能力测量值与实际抗静电能力存在偏差,导致劣质产品通过HBM ESD测试,影响电源芯片产品良品率的提升。为此,提出了一种RC-HBM模型,通过引入RC并联支路,校正因寄生参数引起的静电放电电流的偏差,满足电源芯片静电可靠性测试的要求。首先阐述了静电对电源芯片的损坏机理。其次,分析了寄生参数对ESD电流的影响,阐述了常规HBM ESD测试的局限性。并提出了一种新型的RC-HBM模型,给出了RC并联支路参数的设计依据。最后,通过批量实验验证了所提RC-HBM模型的准确性和合理性。展开更多
提出一种改进的基于人体静电冲击模型(Human Body Model,HBM)应力的瞬态功率模型。利用HSPICE仿真软件,模拟MOS管遭受的HBM应力,得到对应的等效直流电压。HBM电路的预充电电压与MOS管对应的等效直流电压值的散点图表明,两者保持线性关系...提出一种改进的基于人体静电冲击模型(Human Body Model,HBM)应力的瞬态功率模型。利用HSPICE仿真软件,模拟MOS管遭受的HBM应力,得到对应的等效直流电压。HBM电路的预充电电压与MOS管对应的等效直流电压值的散点图表明,两者保持线性关系,并通过拉普拉斯变化得到证明。与现有的瞬态功率模型相比,改进后的模型降低了在HBM应力作用下的计算复杂度,可以更加简便地从统计学上预测MOS管栅氧击穿的发生,给HBM冲击作用下MOS管栅氧化层可靠性的评估提供参考。展开更多
Objective To study the relationship between contraceptive knowledge, cognition and behaviors among vocational high school students. Methods A cross-sectional survey was anonymously self-administrated by way of compute...Objective To study the relationship between contraceptive knowledge, cognition and behaviors among vocational high school students. Methods A cross-sectional survey was anonymously self-administrated by way of computer to all the 1st graders＇ among three vocational high schools in a district of Shanghai. Four cognition indicators, including perceived benefits, perceived barriers, perceived risks and self eJficacy were applied according to Health Belief Model. Results The percentage of respondents who reported ever sexual practices and contraceptives use at first sex was 7.01% and 56.64% respectively. Condom （58. 70%） and oral contraceptive pills （27.78%） were used by the majority. Main reasons for non-use were ＂shy to buy it＂ （26.53%） and ＂partner don＇t want to use any＂ （18.37%）. Proportion of respondents who ever had sex regarded withdrawal and rhythm as effective were 68.35% and 68.42% respectively. Proportion of respondents having sex knew ＂If a person was infected with STDs, he/she might not have noticeable symptoms＂ were 22.86%. Proportion of respondents who reported non-use of contraceptives at first sex considered that ＂infrequent intercourse could not cause a girl pregnant even she had experienced her menstruation＂ were 40.63%. Proportion of respondents who had ever used condom got full score of knowledge on ＂how to correctly use condom＂ were 23,26%. Perceived risks were poorest among four cognition indicators. High level of contraceptive knowledge was connected with high rate of contraceptives use at first sex, whereas high level contraceptive cognition was connected with high rate of contraceptive use both at first and recent sex. Conclusions It is important to provide youth-friendly services as well as message on contraceptives among vocational school students.展开更多
文摘The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of interventions based on health promotion theories in changing the recycling behavior of the targeted population. The study focused on the development and evaluation of innovative recycling education programs that address energy recovery, recycling, and waste management. The study applied Health Belief Model-(HBM) as an approach to motivate recycling behaviors and to evaluate the impact of the applied approaches on recycling set-out rates and participation. A total of 102 households from a Midwestern city participated in this study. The study was conducted over a period of six months. A Likert scale questionnaire was used to collect data on recycling and environmental knowledge, skills, behavior, and attitudes. The other set of data was the weight of recyclables that was obtained at each participant’s curb four times over the six months period of interventions. Results indicated a significant increase in average set out rates of recyclables among HBM participants (21.34 lbs. pre-test to 59.3 lbs. post-test). It was concluded that HBM educational approaches can be effective in motivating recycling. This study signifies the need for renewed effort in motivating individuals, households or businesses to recycle. Not every community or city significantly participates in recycling. Innovative strategies as well the application of approaches in the theories of behavioral change can positively influence recycling and overall waste reduction behaviors.
文摘提出一种改进的基于人体静电冲击模型(Human Body Model,HBM)应力的瞬态功率模型。利用HSPICE仿真软件,模拟MOS管遭受的HBM应力,得到对应的等效直流电压。HBM电路的预充电电压与MOS管对应的等效直流电压值的散点图表明,两者保持线性关系,并通过拉普拉斯变化得到证明。与现有的瞬态功率模型相比,改进后的模型降低了在HBM应力作用下的计算复杂度,可以更加简便地从统计学上预测MOS管栅氧击穿的发生,给HBM冲击作用下MOS管栅氧化层可靠性的评估提供参考。
文摘Objective To study the relationship between contraceptive knowledge, cognition and behaviors among vocational high school students. Methods A cross-sectional survey was anonymously self-administrated by way of computer to all the 1st graders＇ among three vocational high schools in a district of Shanghai. Four cognition indicators, including perceived benefits, perceived barriers, perceived risks and self eJficacy were applied according to Health Belief Model. Results The percentage of respondents who reported ever sexual practices and contraceptives use at first sex was 7.01% and 56.64% respectively. Condom （58. 70%） and oral contraceptive pills （27.78%） were used by the majority. Main reasons for non-use were ＂shy to buy it＂ （26.53%） and ＂partner don＇t want to use any＂ （18.37%）. Proportion of respondents who ever had sex regarded withdrawal and rhythm as effective were 68.35% and 68.42% respectively. Proportion of respondents having sex knew ＂If a person was infected with STDs, he/she might not have noticeable symptoms＂ were 22.86%. Proportion of respondents who reported non-use of contraceptives at first sex considered that ＂infrequent intercourse could not cause a girl pregnant even she had experienced her menstruation＂ were 40.63%. Proportion of respondents who had ever used condom got full score of knowledge on ＂how to correctly use condom＂ were 23,26%. Perceived risks were poorest among four cognition indicators. High level of contraceptive knowledge was connected with high rate of contraceptives use at first sex, whereas high level contraceptive cognition was connected with high rate of contraceptive use both at first and recent sex. Conclusions It is important to provide youth-friendly services as well as message on contraceptives among vocational school students.
