HBsAg ELISA+/HBV DNA NAT-献血者血清学与分子生物学特征分析

目的 了解西安地区无偿献血人群HBsAg ELISA检测结果与HBV DNA检测结果不一致的标本相关血清学标志物的分布情况。方法 收集2022年11月1日—2023年4月30日陕西省血液中心HBsAg ELISA+/HBV DNA NAT-(ELISA+/NAT-)标本共计71份,对其采用电化学发光法检测乙肝血清学标志物,同时复检巢式PCR扩增HBV S区和C区基因片段。结果 双ELISA+/NAT-标本(n=30)巢式PCR检测阳性率远高于单ELISA+/NAT-标本(n=41)(60%vs 24.40%,P<0.05)。前者献血者100%为初次献血者,血清抗-HBc阳性率100%,血清学模式以1、4、5此3项阳性(80%)为主;后者献血者中31.7%为重复献血者,血清抗-HBc阳性率仅为19.51%,血清学模式以单2项阳性(43.90%)和全阴(36.58%)为主。结论 单ELISA+结果存在较多假阳性,导致不必要的血液报废;而NAT-标本可能存在低水平的HBV DNA,产生漏检风险。建议针对单HBsAg ELISA+/NAT-献血者,采用多套系统多种方法追溯检测,提高献血者HBV筛查的准确度,减少不必要的血液浪费。

HBsAg和HBsAb共存的慢性乙肝患者的血清学特征和S区突变位点

目的探讨HBsAg/HBsAb双阳患者和HBsAg单阳性患者的血清学差异,并对两组患者的HBV S区突变位点进行比较分析,探寻HBsAg/HBsAb共阳性患者可能的分子机制。方法选取首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院2022年6月至2023年3月的284例HBsAg/HBsAb双阳患者和519例HBsAg单阳患者,统计Age、ALT、AST、AST/ALT、TBiL、ALb、r-GT、HBsAg和HBsAg滴度、HBsAb、HBeAg、HBeAb、HBcAb、WBC,对两组患者的血清学指标进行比较分析。对HBV S区扩增成功的19例HBsAg/HBsAb双阳患者和19例HBsAg单阳患者进行测序分析,统计高频突变位点,分析HBV S区突变特征,探寻HBsAg/HBsAb双阳患者可能发生的分子机制。结果HBsAg/HBsAb双阳患者和HBsAg单阳患者在性别、HBeAg、ALT、AST、TBiL、r-GT差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者在Age、HBeAb、HBcAb、AST/ALT、Alb、WBC差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。HBsAg/HBsAb双阳组患者C基因型占78.95%(15/19),其中A113D/T、A317C/S、A45T、A86G、A87T、A96V、A97P等突变频率较高,HBsAg单阳组C基因型占84.21%(16/19),V159A、M47T、I213L、A317S、E44G、Q267L突变频率较高,两组患者的高频突变位点明显不同。结论双阳和单阳CHB患者血清学和基因突变位点存在显著差异。建议针对HBV S区不同的突变位点进一步研究HBsAg和HBsAb共存的机制。

HBV C基因型有关的HBsAg阴性HBV DNA阳性患者S区突变对HBsAg的影响

目的通过构建HBV C基因型突变质粒研究HBsAg阴性HBV DNA阳性患者HBV S区突变对HBsAg水平的影响。方法收集2022年8月至2023年4月首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院107例HBsAg-/HBV DNA+患者血液样本,对成功提取扩增的HBV DNA S区进行测序,通过构建HBV C基因型突变质粒对HBV S区突变位点进行细胞功能验证,探讨OBI可能发生的分子机制。结果对成功提取扩增的68例患者进行测序,发现HBV S区存在大量突变,包括免疫逃逸突变(如sG145R、sK122R、sS114T、sT131P等)和跨膜结构域(transmembrane domain,TMD)突变(如sT5A、sG10D、sF20S等)。通过构建HBV C基因型突变质粒,进行细胞转染和细胞免疫荧光实验发现sG145R突变会明显降低HBsAg的表达,但是sK122R、sI26N、sQ29N、sR169H、sS114T、sT131P这6个突变位点并未影响细胞内外HBsAg的表达。结论通过测序发现HBsAg-/HBV DNA+患者HBV S区存在大量突变位点,通过构建sG145R、sK122R、sI26N、sQ29N、sS114T和ST131P等突变质粒发现sG145R突变会明显降低细胞内外HBsAg的表达,但是sK122R、sI26N、sQ29N、sR169H、sS114T、sT131P并未明显降低细胞内外HBsAg的表达。

肝康健2号对部分应答慢性乙型肝炎患者HBsAg及调节性T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

目的探讨肝康健2号对经恩替卡韦治疗后获得部分应答的慢性乙型肝炎患者HBsAg及调节性T淋巴细胞亚群的影响。方法将2020年5月—2022年10月在广州中医药大学顺德医院就诊的60例经恩替卡韦治疗获得部分应答的慢性乙型肝炎患者随机分为观察组和对照组各30例,对照组继续予以恩替卡韦治疗,观察组予以恩替卡韦联合肝康健2号治疗,2组疗程均为48周。观察2组患者治疗前后HBsAg定量、T淋巴细胞亚群(CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)及CD4^(+)/CD8^(+))、乙肝病毒载量、中医证候积分的变化及治疗安全性。结果治疗后,观察组HBsAg定量明显低于治疗前及对照组(P均<0.05),CD4^(+)明显高于治疗前及对照组(P均<0.05),对照组治疗后HBsAg定量及CD4^(+)与治疗前比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05);治疗后2组CD8^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)与治疗前比较变化均不明显,差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05);2组的乙肝病毒载量、肝功能治疗前后均正常。结论肝康健2号联合恩替卡韦治疗部分应答的慢性乙型肝炎患者,能够有效降低HBsAg,上调CD4^(+),有望通过调节免疫平衡来获得临床治愈。

International Journal of Infectious Diseases|丁型肝炎病毒在中国有无HIV-1感染的HBsAg阳性人群中的流行特点

丁型肝炎病毒(HDV)可加剧HBV感染进展,现有研究为全球范围内HDV患病率的变化提供了证据,但我国内地的相关数据很少。虽然HBV的流行率为7.18%,但HBsAg阳性个体的数量约为7 400万,阐明HDV在我国的流行病学十分重要。2023年12月,首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院张福杰教授团队的研究,阐明了HDV在我国有无HIV-1感染的HBsAg阳性人群中的传播特点,调查了HDV血清学和病毒学流行率、分子流行病学和高危因素,为临床策略和有效的HDV疫情防控提供关键数据。

CHB血清核心抗体与HBV-DNA、HBsAg、肝脏组织纤维化分期相关性及临床意义

目的探讨慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者血清核心抗体(HBcAb)与乙肝病毒脱氧核糖核酸(HBV-DNA)、乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)、肝脏组织纤维化分期相关性及临床意义。方法选取我院2018年1月—2022年12月收治的CHB患者作为研究对象,根据纤维化严重程度分为轻度组(S0~S1期,50例)、中重度组(S2~S4期,150例),比较两组患者临床资料和实验室指标,应用Spearman/Pearson分析HBcAb与HBV-DNA、HBsAg、肝脏组织纤维化分期相关性;运用LASSO回归筛选变量;诊断效能分析采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)。结果单因素分析显示,中重度组病程长于轻度组,肝脏炎症分级分布较轻度组严重,ALT、AST、总胆红素(TBIL)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、层粘连蛋白、Ⅲ型前胶原N端肽、透明质酸、Ⅳ型胶原、HBcAb高于轻度组,HBV-DNA、HBsAg低于轻度组(P<0.05);HBCAb与肝纤维化呈正相关,HBVDNA、HBsAg与肝脏组织纤维化分期呈负相关(P<0.05);将单因素分析P<0.05的13个变量进行LASSO回归分析筛选出4个变量肝脏炎症分级、HBcAb、HBV-DNA、HBsAg,其是中重度肝纤维化相关影响因素(P<0.05);肝脏炎症分级、HBcAb、HBV-DNA、HBsAg联合诊断中重度肝脏组织纤维化的AUC优于任一单一项目。结论HBCAb与肝纤维化呈正相关,HBV-DNA和HBSAg与肝纤维化负相关,以上指标均是中重度肝纤维化相关影响因素,具有一定诊断价值,为临床预测中重度肝纤维化提供一定参考。

Perianal disease in inflammatory bowel disease:Broadening treatment and surveillance strategies for anal cancer

The perianal disease affects up to one-third of individuals with Crohn's disease(CD),causing disabling symptoms and significant impairment in quality of life,particularly for those with perianal fistulising CD(PFCD).The collaborative effort between gastroenterologists and surgeons is essential for addressing PFCD to achieve fistula closure and promote luminal healing.Limited fistula healing rates with conventional therapies have prompted the emergence of new biological agents,endoscopic procedures and surgical techniques that show promising results.Among these,mesenchymal stem cells injection is a particularly hopeful therapy.In addition to the burden of fistulas,individuals with perianal CD may face an increased risk of developing anal cancer.This underscores the importance of surveillance programmes and timely interventions to prevent late diagnoses and poor outcomes.Currently,there is no established formal anal screening programme.In this review,we provide an overview of the current state of the art in managing PFCD,including novel medical,endoscopic and surgical approaches.The discussion also focuses on the relevance of establishing an anal cancer screening programme in CD,intending to propose a risk-based surveillance algorithm.The validation of this surveillance programme would be a significant step forward in improving patient care and outcomes.

Anal Pathologies: What Management at the Reference Health Center of Bamako’s Commune V?

Anal pathologies are conditions affecting the anal margin and the anal canal. The aim of our study was to update data on anal diseases. Non-specific, it can reveal an emergency, a serious illness, a chronic disease or a benign condition. It was a prospective, descriptive and analytical study from April 2022 to March 2023, carried out in the hepato-gastroenterology unit of the Centre de Santé de Référence de la commune V du District de Bamako in Mali. Out of seven hundred and forty-nine (749) patients seen in consultation, 98 had anal pathology, i.e. a prevalence of 13.08%. The mean age was 40 ± 15.15 years and the sex ratio was 1.5. Hemorrhoidal disease and anal fissure were the most frequent pathologies in 66.4% and 24.4% of cases respectively. Medical treatment was initiated in 91.9% of patients with hemorrhoidal disease and 91.7% with anal fissure. Anal pathologies are common in young male patients. In our context, they are dominated by benign conditions.

核苷(酸)类似物联合Peg-IFNα-2b治疗HBsAg低表达型慢性乙型肝炎临床效果

目的探讨核苷(酸)类似物(NAs)联合聚乙二醇干扰素α-2b(Peg-IFNα-2b)应用于乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBs Ag)低表达型慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)的临床效果。方法选取2020年1月~2023年5月期间于我院接受NAs治疗,HBs Ag≤1500IU/mL的CHB患者70例为研究对象,按照随机数表法将其分为对照组与观察组。对照组(n=35)接受NAs治疗,观察组(n=35)给予NAs联合Peg-IFNα-2b治疗。两组均持续治疗48周,期间观察组脱落2例,对照组脱落3例。对比两组血清学相关指标变化情况、HBsAg变化情况、肝功能水平以及肝脏纤维化情况。结果治疗24、48周后,观察组血清抗-HBs阳转率、HBsAg清除率均较对照组高(P<0.05),HBsAg水平较对照组低(P<0.05);治疗48周后,两组血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)水平均较治疗前降低,但观察组水平较对照组水平高(P<0.05);观察组血清层黏连蛋白(LN)、透明质酸(HA)水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论NAs与Peg-IFNα-2b联合治疗可以有效转变患者的血清学相关指标,降低HBsAg水平,改善肝纤维化。

长期冷冻对ELISA法检测血浆标本中HBsAg结果的影响

目的评价献血者HBsAg阳性血液标本在-20°C冻存8年后ELISA法HBsAg检测的结果,评估血站目前留样保存方式的有效性。方法收集本站2014年5月—2015年3月100份经HBsAg ELISA检测阳性的献血者血浆标本,冻存在-20°C冰箱,于2023年解冻标本并通过同种方法再次检测。结果100份血浆标本的HBsAg再检定性结果均为阳性,再检符合率100%,冻存后S/CO值降低明显(27.52 vs 19.03,P<0.05)。结论长期冻存会使HBsAg ELISA检测S/CO值下降,但不影响阳性定性结果。

A comparative study of acupuncture combined with rehabilitation gymnastics on postoperative anal function of lower rectal cancer

BACKGROUND From the anal function,inflammatory response and other indicators,acupuncture combined with rehabilitation gymnastics was applied to patients with cancer undergoing low resection,aiming to improve the prognosis of patients.AIM To explore the effects of acupuncture combined with rehabilitation gymnastics on anal function after lower rectal cancer surgery.METHODS From January 2020 to December 2022,128 patients who underwent rectal cancer surgery in the Department of Oncology of Hebei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital were selected and divided into two groups using the random number table method,with 64 patients in each group.Patients in the control group were not treated with acupuncture or rehabilitation gymnastics and served as blank controls.Patients in the study group were treated with acupuncture and rehabilitation gymnastics from the 7th postoperative day.The anal incontinence scores,changes in serum interleukin-4,interleukin-6,and interleukin-10 Levels,and serum motilin,5-hydroxytryptamine,and vasoactive intestinal peptide levels were compared.RESULTS There were no significant differences in serum interleukin-4,interleukin-6,and interleukin-10 Levels between the groups before treatment(P>0.05).After treatment,these levels were better than those of the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the anal incontinence scores between the groups before and 7 d after surgery(P>0.05).Anal incontinence scores in the study group were lower than those in the control group at 14 d,21 d,and 28 d postoperatively(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in serum motilin,5-hydroxytryptamine,or vasoactive intestinal peptide levels between the groups before treatment(P>0.05).After treatment,these levels were higher in the study group than in the control group,and vasoactive intestinal peptide level was lower in the study group than in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Acupuncture combined with rehabilitation gymnastics can promote the recovery of anal function and reduce the inflammatory response in patients with lower rectal cancer after surgery.

Structured magnetic resonance imaging and endoanal ultrasound anal fistulas reporting template(SMART):An interdisciplinary Delphi consensus

BACKGROUND There is still considerable heterogeneity regarding which features of cryptoglandular anal fistula on magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and endoanal ultrasound(EAUS)are relevant to surgical decision-making.As a con-sequence,the quality and completeness of the report are highly dependent on the training and experience of the examiners.AIM To develop a structured MRI and EAUS template(SMART)reporting the minimum dataset of information for the treatment of anal fistulas.METHODS This modified Delphi survey based on the RAND-UCLA appropriateness for consensus-building was conducted between May and August 2023.One hundred and fifty-one articles selected from a systematic review of the lite-rature formed the database to generate the evidence-based statements for the Delphi study.Fourteen questions were anonymously voted by an interdisciplinary multidisciplinary group for a maximum of three iterative rounds.The degree of agreement was scored on a numeric 0–10 scale.Group consensus was defined as a score≥8 for≥80%of the panelists.RESULTS Eleven scientific societies(3 radiological and 8 surgical)endorsed the study.After three rounds of voting,the experts(69 colorectal surgeons,23 radiologists,2 anatomists,and 1 gastroenterologist)achieved consensus for 12 of 14 statements(85.7%).Based on the results of the Delphi process,the six following features of anal fistulas were included in the SMART:Primary tract,secondary extension,internal opening,presence of collection,coexisting le-sions,and sphincters morphology.CONCLUSION A structured template,SMART,was developed to standardize imaging reporting of fistula-in-ano in a simple,systematic,time-efficient way,providing the minimum dataset of information and visual diagram useful to refer-ring physicians.

聚乙二醇干扰素对核苷(酸)类似物经治与未治的HBsAg低水平慢性乙型肝炎患者48周疗效比较

目的比较聚乙二醇干扰素α(PegIFNα)对核苷(酸)类似物(NA)经治与未治HBsAg低水平慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者的疗效。方法纳入2018至2022年金陵医院就诊的CHB患者49例,患者的HBsAg<5000 IU/mL、HBV DNA<10^(4) IU/mL。分为NP组(NA经治1年以上联合PegIFNα-2b)、P组(初治单用PegIFNα)、C组(未使用任何抗病毒药物)。比较3组患者基线、PegIFNα-2b治疗12周及48周的血清HBV DNA、HBsAg、抗HBs、HBeAg及肝脏生化指标。结果NP组20例,P组17例,C组12例。NP、P、C组基线HBsAg分别为201.06(47.82~863.06)、184.15(50.79~386.17)、77.70(19.22~839.27)IU/mL,差异无统计学意义(P=0.58);NP、P及C组各有19例、15例、11例患者基线HBsAg水平<1500 IU/mL。48周末NP组、P组、C组的HBsAg清除例数分别为7、5、0例(P<0.017)。NP组HBsAg清除率稍高于P组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗48周获得HBsAg清除的12例CHB患者基线HBsAg为79.71(6.10~206.59)IU/mL低于未获得者的202.09(115.73~9.81)IU/mL(H=226.00,P=0.01);且前者12周HBsAg为1.76(1.08~13.20)IU/mL亦低于后者的107.99(1.96~318.80)IU/mL(H=224.00,P=0.02)。这12例中基线HBsAg水平最高为484.64 IU/mL。NP组基线血清HBV DNA均<50 IU/mL;P组及C组HBV DNA水平差异无统计学意义(2.66±0.61)lgIU/mL比(2.78±0.71)lgIU/mL(t=-0.51,P=0.62)。48周后,P组HBV DNA均<50 IU/mL,C组仅1例患者HBV DNA<50 IU/mL(P<0.01)。NP组有4例患者HBeAg弱阳性(分别为4.04、4.05、2.92和1.52 S/CO),48周时有1例HBeAg阴转;P组及C组HBeAg均阴性。结论在NA经治基础上加用PegIFNα-2b治疗CHB与单用PegIFNα-2b治疗48周时的HBsAg清除率相近,但前者更易获得HBsAg清除。基线HBsAg水平越低,PegIFNα-2b治疗后越易获得HBsAg清除,尤其基线HBsAg<500 IU/mL者。

Anal pruritus:Don’t look away

Anal pruritus is a common anorectal symptom that can significantly impair a patient’s quality of life,including their mental health.It can be one of the most difficult proctological conditions to treat.Patients often delay seeking medical attention,since it is an embarrassing but non-life-threatening situation.Pruritus ani can be associated with idiopathic and secondary causes,such as anorectal diseases,cancer(anal or colorectal),dermatological and sexually transmitted diseases,fungal infections and systemic diseases.If patients are referred for a colonoscopy,this can sometimes provide the first opportunity to evaluate the perianal area.Classifications of anal pruritus are based on the abnormalities of the perianal skin,one of the most commonly used being the Washington classi-fication.A proper digital anorectal examination is important,as well as an anoscopy to help to exclude anorectal diseases or suspicious masses.Endoscopists should be aware of the common etiologies,and classification of the perianal area abnormalities should be provided in the colonoscopy report.Information on treatment possibilities and follow-up can also be provided.The treatment normally consists of a triple approach:proper hygiene,elimination of irritants,and skin care and protection.Several topical therapies have been described as possible treatments,including steroids,capsaicin,tacrolimus and methylene blue intradermal injections.

Evaluating the clinical application and effect of acupuncture therapy in anal function rehabilitation after low-tension rectal cancer surgery

BACKGROUND According to the indexes of serum and anal function,acupuncture therapy was applied to patients with low rectal cancer in order to avoid the occurrence of anal incontinence and reduce complications.AIM To explore the clinical application and evaluate the effect of acupuncture therapy for anal function rehabilitation after low-tension rectal cancer surgery.METHODS From the anorectal surgery cases,we selected 120 patients who underwent colorectal cancer surgery between January 2020 and December 2022 and randomly divided them into a control group(n=60),observation group(n=60),and control group after surgery for lifestyle intervention(including smoking cessation and exercise),dietary factor adjustment,anal movement,and oral loperamide treatment.The serum levels of motilin,5-hydroxytryptamine,and vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP),Wexner score for anal incontinence,and incidence of complications were compared between groups.RESULTS After treatment,the VIP and 5-hydroxytryptamine levels in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The motilin level was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).Postoperative anal incontinence was better in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).The incidence of complications in the observation group was 6.67%,which was significantly lower than that in the control group(21.67%;P<0.05).CONCLUSION Acupuncture therapy has a positive effect on the rehabilitation of anal function after low-tension rectal cancer surgery;it can effectively help to improve the serum indices of patients,avoid the occurrence of anal incontinence,and reduce the incidence of complications.Popularizing and applying it will be valuable.

Anal carcinoma-exploring the epidemiology,risk factors,pathophysiology,diagnosis,and treatment

Anal carcinoma is a relatively rare tumor that accounts for approximately 2%of gastrointestinal malignancies and less than 7%of anorectal cancers.Most anal tumors originate between the anorectal junction and the anal verge.Risk factors for the disease include human papillomavirus infection,human immunodeficiency virus,tobacco use,immunosuppression,female sex,and older age.The pathogenesis of anal carcinoma is believed to be linked to human papillomavirusrelated inflammation,leading to dysplasia and progression to cancer.Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of anal tumor,with an annual incidence of approximately 1 to 2 per 100000 persons.Treatment regarding anal cancer has emerged over time.However,chemoradiation therapy remains the mainstay approach for early localized disease.Patients with metastatic disease are treated with systemic therapy,and salvage surgery is reserved for disease recurrence following chemoradiation.This article aims to provide background information on the epidemiology,risk factors,pathology,diagnosis,and current trends in the management of anal cancer.Future directions are briefly discussed.

Clinical Study on the Treatment of Low Anal Fistula in Infants and Young Children by Anal Gland Excision and Virtual Hanging Procedure

Objective:To compare the efficacy of anal adenectomy with virtual hanging wire and anal fistulotomy in the treatment of low anal fistula in infants and children.Methods:60 children with low anal fistula who were admitted to our hospital from October 2021 to March 2022 and met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into two groups of 30 cases each;the treatment group was treated with anal adenectomy and virtual hanging wire surgery,and the control group was treated with anal fistula resection.The clinical efficacy after treatment was compared.Results:The total effective rate of both groups was 96.67%and the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The postoperative pain score of the treatment group was lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).The length of hospitalization and healing time of the treatment group was lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).The anal function of the patients in both groups was normal,and there was no adverse reaction.Conclusion:Anal gland excision and virtual hanging surgery for the treatment of low anal fistula in infants and children have the advantages of mild pain,reduced length of hospitalization,short healing time,and better patient experience as compared to anal fistula excision.

Is there a need for universal double reflex testing of HBsAg-positive individuals for hepatitis D infection?

Hepatitis D virus(HDV)can infect HBsAg-positive individuals,causing rapid fibrosis progression,early decompensation,increased hepatocellular carcinoma risk,and higher mortality than hepatitis B virus(HBV)mono-infection.Most countries lack high-quality HDV prevalence data,and the collection techniques employed often bias published data.In recent meta-analyses,HDV prevalence in HBsAg-positive patients reaches 5%-15%and is even significantly higher in endemic areas.Since HBV vaccination programs were implemented,HDV prevalence has decreased among younger populations.However,owing to immigrant influx,it has increased in some Western countries.The current practice of HDV screening in HBsAg-positive individuals is stepwise,based on physician’s discretion,and limited to at-risk populations and may require numerous visits.Double reflex testing,which includes anti-HDV testing in all HBsAg-positive individuals and then HDV RNA testing for anti-HDV-positive ones,is uncommon.Reflex testing can identify more HDV infection cases and link identified patients to further care and follow-up.Moreover,laboratory-based double reflex screening is less biased than physician-led testing.Therefore,health-care providers should learn about reflex testing,and federal and provincial hepatitis control programs should implement laboratory-based double reflex testing to obtain reliable HDV prevalence estimates.The test’s cost-effectiveness depends on the number of HBV-positive patients screened to identify one HDV-positive patient.Such testing may be viable in areas with low HBsAg but high HDV prevalence.However,its economic impact on areas with low HDV prevalence needs further study.

A case study illustrating the use of an integrated approach to treat secondary Anal Fistula Post I&D of Perianal Abscess

Background:Anal fistula is a long-term disease characterized by a tubular structure with one end opening in the anorectal canal and the other end opening on the surface of the perineum or perianal skin with chronic pus drainage.It is linked to Bhagandar in Ayurveda,and in Sushruta Samhita,Acharya has mentioned 5 forms of Bhagandar.The boil in the present case was Shukla,sthira i.e.hard and firm,with Picchila strava and Kandu resembling the features of Parisraavi bhagandar.Aim and objective:The current case was diagnosed as Parisravi bhagandar,which resembles trans-sphincteric or intersphincteric fistula in modern ano.In Ayurveda,the management of Parisraavi Bhagandar,Shastra,kshara,and Agnikarma is advised and the use of Ksharasutra,which contributes to complete cutting and healing of the track without reoccurrence,similarly Modern surgeon depends on surgery i.e radical excision of the track,ligation with Seton,and use of chemical irritants like urethane,silver nitrates,etc.A cutting seton(tight)gently slices the confined muscle to close the fistula with the least interruption to continence.This operation is especially advised when a one-stage fistulotomy poses a considerable risk of incontinence.Material and methods:The method performed here was Core Partial Fistulectomy followed by Ksharasutra application till complete healing of the wound.Discussion and conclusion:This case study provides the successful management of Parisraavi Bhagandara(high anal,trans-sphincteric fistula in ano)in 61-year-old male patient with an integrated surgical&Ayurvedic management approach.

HBSAg联合AFP快速检测在早期肝癌诊断中的临床价值研究

分析HBSAg联合AFP快速检测在早期肝癌诊断中的临床价值研究。方法 选取2023年5月10日接受早期肝癌诊断的50例疑似肝癌患者进行研究,分析HBSAg联合AFP对患者诊断价值。结果 对所有患者实施HBSAg检验,符合率为72.00%(36/50),敏感度为65.52%(19/29),特异度为80.95%(17/21),阳性预测值为82.61%(19/23),阴性预测值为62.96%(17/27);对所有患者实施AFP检验,符合率为56.00%(28/50),敏感度为55.17%(16/29),特异度为57.14%(12/21),阳性预测值为64.00%(16/25),阴性预测值为48.00%(12/25);对所有患者实施联合检验,符合率为94.00%(47/50),敏感度为96.55%(28/29),特异度为90.48%(19/21),阳性预测值为93.33%(28/30),阴性预测值为95.00%(19/20);联合检验下准确率显著高于HBSAg与AFP单独检验结果准确率(P<0.05)。结论 HBSAg联合AFP在早期肝癌患者的临床诊断中具有较为显著的诊断准确率,值得广泛推广。