In this study, inhibition of tall oil fatty acid hydrodeoxygenation(HDO) activity due to addition of rosin acid over sulfided Ni Mo/Al_2O_3 was investigated. Oleic acid and abietic acid were used as model compounds fo...In this study, inhibition of tall oil fatty acid hydrodeoxygenation(HDO) activity due to addition of rosin acid over sulfided Ni Mo/Al_2O_3 was investigated. Oleic acid and abietic acid were used as model compounds for fatty acid and rosin acid respectively in tall oil. After completion of each HDO experiment,the Ni Mo catalysts were recovered and used again under the same conditions. The results showed that the oleic acid HDO activity of sulfided catalysts was inhibited by addition of abietic acid due to competitive adsorption and increased coke deposition. The rate of carbon deposition on the catalysts increased when abietic acid was added to oleic acid feed. Moreover, the coke was in a more advanced form with higher stability for the catalysts exposed to both oleic acid and abietic acid. Furthermore, a clear correlation between the rate of coke formation and concentration of abietic acid was observed.展开更多
"H_(2)-free" HDO is a revolutionary route to circumvent the limitations of H_(2)-fed HDO reactors for biomass upgrading.This work demonstrates the viability of this economically appealing route when an adequ..."H_(2)-free" HDO is a revolutionary route to circumvent the limitations of H_(2)-fed HDO reactors for biomass upgrading.This work demonstrates the viability of this economically appealing route when an adequate catalyst is implemented.Herein,we have developed a new family of Pt catalysts supported on N-doped activated carbons for the H_(2)-free HDO process of guaiacol.Several N-donors have been used to tune the catalyst’s structural and electronic properties.As a general trend,the N-promoted samples are more selective towards oxygen-depleted products.The best performing material,namely Pt/PANI-AC reached outstanding guaiacol conversion values-ca.75% at 300℃ while displaying reasonable stability for multiple recycling operations.The advanced performance is ascribed to the modified electronic and acid-base properties which favor guaiacol activation and C-O cleavage,as well as the excellent dispersion of the Pt nano particles.展开更多
The Ni-Nb_(2)O_(5)nanocatalysts have been prepared by the solgel method,and the catalytic hydrodeoxygenation(HDO)performance of anisole as model compound is studied.The results show that Nb exists as amorphous Nb_(2)O...The Ni-Nb_(2)O_(5)nanocatalysts have been prepared by the solgel method,and the catalytic hydrodeoxygenation(HDO)performance of anisole as model compound is studied.The results show that Nb exists as amorphous Nb_(2)O_(5)species,which can promote Ni dispersion.The addition of Nb_(2)O_(5)increases the acidity of the catalyst.However,when the content of niobium is high,there is an inactive Nb-Ni-O mixed phase.The size and morphology of Ni grains in catalysts are different due to the difference of Nb/Ni molar ratio.The Ni_(0.9)Nb_(0.1)sample has the largest surface area of 170.8 m^(2)·g^(-1)among the catalysts prepared in different Nb/Ni molar ratios,which is mainly composed of spherical nanoparticles and crack pores.The HDO of anisole follows the reaction route of the hydrogenation HYD route.The Ni_(0.9)Nb_(0.1)catalyst displayed a higher HDO performance for anisole than Ni catalyst.The selectivity to cyclohexane over the Ni_(0.9)Nb_(0.1)sample is about 10 times that of Ni catalyst at 220℃and 3 MPa H_(2).The selectivity of cyclohexane is increased with the increase of reaction temperature.The anisole is almost completely transformed into cyclohexane at 240℃,3 MPa H_(2)and 4 h.展开更多
One algorithm and one method for PNNI(Private Network to Network Interface) routing were presented. The algorithm is OIL (Older Is Leader) algorithms for Peer Group selection, and the method is the DOO (Distributed ob...One algorithm and one method for PNNI(Private Network to Network Interface) routing were presented. The algorithm is OIL (Older Is Leader) algorithms for Peer Group selection, and the method is the DOO (Distributed object oriented) method for HDOS (Hierarchy Distributed Object System), PNNI systems and IP(Internet Protocol) networks. Based on the specifications from ATM forum, and the creative ideas from Distributed System realization, this paper studies and analyzes the private ATM network environment. The OIL algorithm and the DOO method are both for PNNI routing protocol. Through the PNNI simulation, the availability and robustness are proved for the above two improvements.展开更多
基金Formas (Contracts: 239-2012-1584 and 239-2014-164) and Preem for the financial support
文摘In this study, inhibition of tall oil fatty acid hydrodeoxygenation(HDO) activity due to addition of rosin acid over sulfided Ni Mo/Al_2O_3 was investigated. Oleic acid and abietic acid were used as model compounds for fatty acid and rosin acid respectively in tall oil. After completion of each HDO experiment,the Ni Mo catalysts were recovered and used again under the same conditions. The results showed that the oleic acid HDO activity of sulfided catalysts was inhibited by addition of abietic acid due to competitive adsorption and increased coke deposition. The rate of carbon deposition on the catalysts increased when abietic acid was added to oleic acid feed. Moreover, the coke was in a more advanced form with higher stability for the catalysts exposed to both oleic acid and abietic acid. Furthermore, a clear correlation between the rate of coke formation and concentration of abietic acid was observed.
基金provided by the Department of Chemical and Process Engineering at the University of Surrey and the EPSRC grant EP/R512904/1the Royal Society Research Grant RSGR1180353financial support from Ministerio de Economía,Industria y Competitividad(Spain)through project MAT2016-80285-P。
文摘"H_(2)-free" HDO is a revolutionary route to circumvent the limitations of H_(2)-fed HDO reactors for biomass upgrading.This work demonstrates the viability of this economically appealing route when an adequate catalyst is implemented.Herein,we have developed a new family of Pt catalysts supported on N-doped activated carbons for the H_(2)-free HDO process of guaiacol.Several N-donors have been used to tune the catalyst’s structural and electronic properties.As a general trend,the N-promoted samples are more selective towards oxygen-depleted products.The best performing material,namely Pt/PANI-AC reached outstanding guaiacol conversion values-ca.75% at 300℃ while displaying reasonable stability for multiple recycling operations.The advanced performance is ascribed to the modified electronic and acid-base properties which favor guaiacol activation and C-O cleavage,as well as the excellent dispersion of the Pt nano particles.
基金Major Science and Technology Project of Yunnan Province(202102AE090042)National Natural Science Foundation of China(21766016)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Talent and Platform Program of Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department(202005AF150037)the financial support of Taif University Researchers Supporting Project(TURSP-2020/27),Taif University,Taif,Saudi Arabia。
文摘The Ni-Nb_(2)O_(5)nanocatalysts have been prepared by the solgel method,and the catalytic hydrodeoxygenation(HDO)performance of anisole as model compound is studied.The results show that Nb exists as amorphous Nb_(2)O_(5)species,which can promote Ni dispersion.The addition of Nb_(2)O_(5)increases the acidity of the catalyst.However,when the content of niobium is high,there is an inactive Nb-Ni-O mixed phase.The size and morphology of Ni grains in catalysts are different due to the difference of Nb/Ni molar ratio.The Ni_(0.9)Nb_(0.1)sample has the largest surface area of 170.8 m^(2)·g^(-1)among the catalysts prepared in different Nb/Ni molar ratios,which is mainly composed of spherical nanoparticles and crack pores.The HDO of anisole follows the reaction route of the hydrogenation HYD route.The Ni_(0.9)Nb_(0.1)catalyst displayed a higher HDO performance for anisole than Ni catalyst.The selectivity to cyclohexane over the Ni_(0.9)Nb_(0.1)sample is about 10 times that of Ni catalyst at 220℃and 3 MPa H_(2).The selectivity of cyclohexane is increased with the increase of reaction temperature.The anisole is almost completely transformed into cyclohexane at 240℃,3 MPa H_(2)and 4 h.
基金National‘86 3’ High Technolgy Plan!(86 3-317-0 1-0 1-0 1-99)
文摘One algorithm and one method for PNNI(Private Network to Network Interface) routing were presented. The algorithm is OIL (Older Is Leader) algorithms for Peer Group selection, and the method is the DOO (Distributed object oriented) method for HDOS (Hierarchy Distributed Object System), PNNI systems and IP(Internet Protocol) networks. Based on the specifications from ATM forum, and the creative ideas from Distributed System realization, this paper studies and analyzes the private ATM network environment. The OIL algorithm and the DOO method are both for PNNI routing protocol. Through the PNNI simulation, the availability and robustness are proved for the above two improvements.
