Navigating interdisciplinary research:Historical progression and contemporary challenges

Interdisciplinary research plays a crucial role in addressing complex problems by integrating knowledge from multiple disciplines.This integration fosters innovative solutions and enhances understanding across various fields.This study explores the historical and sociological development of interdisciplinary research and maps its evolution through three distinct phases:pre-disciplinary,disciplinary,and post-disciplinary.It identifies key internal dynamics,such as disciplinary diversification,reorganization,and innovation,as primary drivers of this evolution.Additionally,this study highlights how external factors,particularly the urgency of World War II and the subsequent political and economic changes,have accelerated its advancement.The rise of interdisciplinary research has significantly reshaped traditional educational paradigms,promoting its integration across different educational levels.However,the inherent contradictions within interdisciplinary research present cognitive,emotional,and institutional challenges for researchers.Meanwhile,finding a balance between the breadth and depth of knowledge remains a critical challenge in interdisciplinary education.

On the Combination of “The Textual Research on Historical Documents” and “The Comparative Study of Historical Data” —— and a Discussion on “The Law of Quan-ma and Gui-mei” in Chinese Language Studies

In Chinese language studies, both “The Textual Research on Historical Documents” and “The Comparative Study of Historical Data” are traditional in methodology and they both deserve being treasured, passed on, and further developed. It will certainly do harm to the development of academic research if any of the two methods is given unreasonable priority. The author claims that the best or one of the best methodologies of the historical study of Chinese language is the combination of the two, hence a new interpretation of “The Double-proof Method”. Meanwhile, this essay is also an attempt to put forward “The Law of Quan-ma and Gui-mei” in Chinese language studies, in which the author believes that it is not advisable to either treat Gui-mei as Quan-ma or vice versa in linguistic research. It is crucial for us to respect always the language facts first, which is considered the very soul of linguistics.

Textual Research on the Historical Data of the 1573 AD Minxian Earthquake in Gansu Province and Discussion on Its Seismogenic Structure

According to the detailed study of the historical earthquake records and causative structure of the Minxian M6 1/2 earthquake in 1573 A.D., we have found that the most grievous disaster area lies nearby the Minxian county seat （Minzhou county at that time ）. So, we have identified the extremely seismic area of the 1573 A.D. The Minxian M6 1/2 earthquake was located in Minxian city, the intensity of the meizoseismal region is Ⅷ - Ⅳ, the epicenter is 34.4°N, 104.0°E, the location precision is Ⅱ and the deviation of location is less than or equal to 25km. Tectonically, this area lies in the transition region of stress transfer and structural transform between the east Kunlun fault and the northern margin of the west Qiuling fault. The differential activity of the Lintan-Dangchang fault zone is obvious, and only parts of the segment put up Holocene activity. There are landslides and rock bursts of different sizes in the meizoseismal region. By integrated analysis, we conclude that the Minxian-Dangchang segment of the Lintan-Dangchang fault is the seismogenic structure of the 1573 A.D. M6 1/2 Minxian earthquake, in Gansu Province.

On the Research Methodology of the Thoughts of Marx -- From Historical Restoration to Fusion of Horizons

Through the centurial research upon the thoughts of Marx,there is a turning from historical restoration to fusion of horizons,which is closely related to the research methodology of the thoughts of Marx as well as the big change of the academic study,economy and society.To have a better understanding of Marxism,communication between readers and authors,integration of the theory and practice are necessary.Besides,we should distinguish academic study from politics,definition from significance,and genuine knowledge from misunderstanding.Different researchers study Marxism from different aspects and in different historical contexts,thus forming different images of Marx and different understandings of Marxism.Therefore,research upon the thoughts of Marx and Marxism cannot be completed once and for all.

Historical review of the causes of cancer

In the early 1900 s, numerous seminal publications reported that high rates of cancer occurred in certain occupations. During this period, work with infectious agents produced only meager results which seemed irrelevant to humans. Then in the 1980 s ground breaking evidence began to emerge that a variety of viruses also cause cancer in humans. There is now sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans for human T-cell lymphotrophic virus, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human papillomavirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and human herpes virus 8 according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC). Many other causes of cancer have also been identified by the IARC, which include: Sunlight, tobacco, pharmaceuticals, hormones, alcohol, parasites, fungi, bacteria, salted fish, wood dust, and herbs. The World Cancer Research Fund and the American Institute for Cancer Research have determined additional causes of cancer, which include beta carotene, red meat, processed meats, low fibre diets, not breast feeding, obesity, increased adult height and sedentary lifestyles. In brief, a historical review of the discoveries of the causes of human cancer is presented with extended discussions of the difficulties encountered in identifying viral causes of cancer.

Research of Mount Huangshan Historical Soundscape from Late Ming to Early Qing Dynasties

Soundscape is a word proposed by R.Murray Schafer.Based on his theory,the soundscape is not only a sound environment,but a thing as a significant,aesthetic and meaningful phenomenon.The appreciation of landscape beauty not only comes from the visual sense,but also comes from other senses,such as hearing,smell,touching and taste.Hence,the sounds and its related soundscape appreciation are considered as important aesthetic components in Chinese national parks.The historical sound was the sound which happen in the history of national parks and recorded in serial documents.The historical soundscape should not only be considered as soundmark which deserved to be conserved in national park because of its history values,but also should be recognized as its aesthetic and dynamic values in national park too.In fact,it is a common sense in Chinese landscape history that considering historical soundscape as an aesthetic component.

Structural Transformation and Historical Expression in Dynastic Legend of Early China———Review of Sarah Allan‘s Study on the Ancient Legends of China in The Heir and The Sage

As an im portant scholar of contemporary sinology，Sarah A lla n ’s research on Chinese ancient h is to ry，on the basis of continuing the tradition of historical studies and archaeology， used Claude Levi - Strauss5 theory and method of structuralism for reference，and opened a new path for western Sinological research. H er study of ancient legends initiated wide interest in the circles of sinology ，and was considered to be both special and very innovative.

Zhang Heng's Seismoscope( 2):Historical Materials and Investigation

Historical data regarding Zhang Heng's seismoscope is not singular proof. Actually,the four earliest historical documents,i. e.,Continuation of Historiography of Han Dynasty, Historiography of the Later Han,Book of the Later Han and Ding Record all have relevant records of its structure,size,principle,response to earthquake and actual applications. These five aspects are supported by archaeological research,unearthed cultural relics, historical earthquakes and modern seismological study. These historical materials contain a great deal of specific information about this ancient seismoscope. In conclusion, the authenticity and reliability of Zhang Heng's seismoscope are verified.

Textual Research on the July 7,1590 A. D. Southeastern Yongjing Earthquake in Gansu Province

According to historical records,in July of 1590 A.D.,a destructive earthquake occurred near Lintao county in Gansu Province,in which "… city walls and houses collapsed,and countless people and domestic animals were killed".In the same month,Binggou town in eastern Qinghai Province(now northeastern Ledu county),was also damaged by an earthquake.These two earthquakes were listed as two different cases in the published earthquake catalogues,recorded separately as the Lintao M_S5.5 earthquake with epicentral intensity Ⅶ in Gansu Province and the Ledu M_S5.0 earthquake with epicentral intensity Ⅵ in Qinghai Province.However,based on comprehensive analysis of research on historical records and field investigations,it is concluded in this paper that these two earthquakes could be the same one with magnitude 6.5 and epicentral intensity Ⅷ～Ⅸ.Its epicenter was in the Maxian Mt.,which is located in southeastern Yongjing and its seismogenic structure might be the mid-western segments of the north fringe fault zone of Maxian Mt.of Lanzhou.

The Application of Geographic Information System(GIS) to the Study of Chinese History

Historical geographic information system construction echoes the call of academic development in the information era and demonstrates the in-depth advancement of history studies. In recent years, an increasing number of data platforms have been built to facilitate historical information storage, display, management and analysis. In such a context, the geographic information system(GIS) begins to contribute to the study of Chinese history. Its contribution is highlighted in nine areas: historical climate, fluvial landforms, town economies, rural settlements, hydraulic societies, environmental changes, ancient cities, ancient maps and HGIS-enabled research methods. The application of GIS to the study of Chinese history initiates a reform in research methods and at the same time upgrades the philosophy of history studies, facilitating the utilization of a diversity of historical data(documents, ancient maps, remote-sensing images, archaeological information, etc.) for dynamic tracing and multi-factor comprehensive research. At present, restricted by traditional disciplinary boundaries, the construction of HGIS platforms remains slow and insufficient, making it difficult to extensively apply GIS to the study of Chinese history.

ZHANG Heng’s Seismometer and Longxi earthquake in AD 134

Longxi earthquake was the only earthquake example, which ZHANG Heng＇s Seismometer had detected. Therefore this event attracted the attention of the academic circle and also served as crucial evidence to examine the rationality of the reconstructed model of the seismometer. But for a long time, owing to the fact that the Jincheng-Longxi earthquake on February 28, AD 138 was mistaken as the event went against the historical records, it was refuted by the researches of both in China and abroad. By making careful textual research of historical records, especially by analyzing the description of Longxi earthquake of Houhan Shu, by studying the historical background exposed by historical literatures at that time, ZHANG Heng＇s biography, his poems and place names of Han Dynasty, by comparing five earthquakes occurred in Qing Dynasty and their attenuation of seismic intensity, the conclusion can be drawn that the Longxi earthquake should take place on December 13, AD 134 （the third year of Yangjia reign）. As a rough assessment, the epicenter was in Tianshui area and the magnitude was about 7. Due to the political corruption and inability to scientifically explain earthquake phenomenon at the end of Eastern Han Dynasty, a tragedy occurred during the later years of ZHANG Heng＇s life that had direct relations with the earthquake successively occurred in AD 133 and AD 134 after invention of seismometer in AD 132. In order to analyze the ground motion at Lingtai caused by the event in AD 134, the digital broad-band seismic records of three Longxi earthquakes in recent years recorded by Luoyang seismic station are used. The numerical modelings are made from three aspects of seismic magnitude definition, digital broad-band seismograms and empirical Green＇s function method. The results have shown that the maximum horizontal displacement at Lingtai is between 6-8 mm, and the maximum acceleration is less than 10^-2 m/s^2. These results have played an important role in quantitative test of the scientific reconstruction model of ZHANG Heng＇s Seismometer.

Textual research of Wudu earthquake in 186 B.C. in Gansu Province, China and discussion on its causative structure

On the basis of the textual research on the historical earthquake data and the field investigation of Wudu earthquake occurred in 186 B.C., we suggest that the earthquake parameters drawn from the present earthquake catalogs are not definite and amendments should be made. The heavily-damaged area of this earthquake should be located between Jugan township of Wudu County and Pingding township of Zhouqu County. Its epicenter should be in the vicinity of Lianghekou in Wudu County with a magnitude of about 7-7 1/4 and an intensity of about IX-X. The major axis direction of the heavily-damaged area should be in the WNW direction that is approximately consistent with the strike of the middle-east segment of Diebu-Bailongjiang active fault zone, and the origin time should match up to that of the latest paleoearthquake event [before （83±46） B.C.] obtained by the trench investigation. Certain seismic rupture evidences are still preserved on this fault segment. Therefore, we propose on the basis of comprehensive analysis that the causative structure of the M 7-7 1/4 Wudu earthquake in 186 B.C. should be in the middle-east segment of Diebu-Bailongjiang active fault zone.

Research on Career Identity in China:A Literature Review

Career identity is one of the important topics to study the psychological problems of employees,especially after the outbreak of CoV-19.Being a populous country in the world,China has a large number of employees from all walks of life,and its research on career identity has attracted more and more attention.Thus,this study aims to sort out the history,characteristics,and trends of the research on career identity in China through a literature review,which can help more scholars pay attention to China’s career identity research.In this study,Citespace is used to statistically analyze the selected literature from China’s National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and Web of Science(WOS).The results show that:(1)The historical evolution of career identity research in China can be divided into three stages:germination,development and maturity.(2)From the perspective of cooperation between authors and institutions,researchers tend to do independent research,mainly focusing on the research in the field of psychology.(3)From the key words,career identity and employability are the main high-frequency words.(4)From the cluster analysis,the research focuses mainly include social support,teachers’career identity,influencing factors,and job involvement.(5)From the emergent analysis,it can be seen that the research on roles and differences between urban and rural areas is weakening,and the research on factors such as job satisfaction is gradually strengthening as the frontier theme.Finally,according to the existing analysis results,this study predicts the future trend of career identity in China and thinks that it will extend from the fields of concept explanation,interdisciplinary research,scientific research tools,and so on.

New Progress in the Study of “Pre-war Deposits”

At present,the academic researches on the issue of“pre-war deposits”in the banking industry mainly focus on the problems of inflation during the war and after the war,the business operation of the banking industry during the war,the demobilization,reorganization,and currency reform of the banking industry after the war,and so on.The direct related researches are few and focus on the disputes between depositors and banks.Although some archival materials and newspaper materials have been excavated,various kinds of historical materials still need to be further excavated.Research methods need to further strengthen interdisciplinary and integration.Therefore,to deepen the study of“pre-war deposit”,it is necessary to continuously explore and utilize new historical materials,expand research fields,expand research horizons,and pay attention to the use of multi-scientific theories and methods.

我国传统乡村聚落研究发展历程与展望

传统乡村聚落承载着我国悠久的农耕文明和广大人民的生产生活,是数量最大、分布最广的一种文化遗产体系。随着国家乡村振兴战略的推进,传统乡村聚落的存续发展面临着重大的机遇和挑战,有必要对传统乡村聚落研究历程进行回顾和梳理,探索研究发展的方向和前景。通过对重要期刊、报纸、著作、政策文件等历史资料的挖掘与梳理,结合国家经济、文化、社会背景和乡村建设发展实况,再现了20世纪30年代以来我国传统乡村聚落研究发展的全过程,揭示传统乡村聚落研究不同发展阶段的时代背景、发展动力和研究范式特征,并对其研究趋势和方向做出研判和展望,以期推动相关学术研究,促进实践工作的开展。

广东省风景名胜区研究回顾与展望(1979-2022)

广东省作为经济社会和旅游业最发达的地区之一,进行省域风景名胜区研究有利于提高风景名胜区人文、自然和经济价值的区域效用。结合文献计量学的定量分析方法,对知网195篇广东风景名胜区相关研究文献进行综合评述,分析已有广东风景名胜区研究在文献年谱、关键词、研究对象、研究方法的特征,并基于文献年谱进行分阶段研究内容的发展总结。研究发现:(1)研究对象上,区位集中在珠三角地区,类型以城市风景类为主,存在区域体系研究缺乏,案例研究不全面的问题;(2)研究方法上,2009年之后定量研究逐渐增加,其中以地理信息统计和游客问卷调研的定量评价为主,但整体上定量研究较少,同时跨学科的评价方法选取缺乏论证;(3)研究内容上按时间可分为研究兴起期、实践探索期和理论拓展期三个阶段,目前以景城文化互动和景城边界规划控制为例,城市风景类风景名胜相关研究内容呈现出明显的区域特征,但还缺乏集中深入的探讨。在此基础上,提出巩固基础对象的系统研究、拓展学习风景遗产保护研究方法、深入地域特色城市风景类风景名胜区研究的未来展望。

炮制辅料芝麻的历史沿革及研究进展

芝麻制法是中药特色炮制方法之一,但目前国内对芝麻作为炮制辅料的研究较少。梳理自汉代以来有关芝麻功效和炮制方法的记载,并对芝麻参与补骨脂、苍术、枸杞子等中药的炮制进行了整理总结。经文献考证,古代芝麻炮制方法种类较多,至现代则极大简化,《中华人民共和国药典》和各地炮制规范均只收录“生用”或“炒制”法。作为炮制辅料,芝麻制法包括芝麻焙、芝麻炒和芝麻拌蒸3种。芝麻制对饮片的作用可概括为以下两点:一是缓和药性,降低毒副作用,如补骨脂、苍术等;二是增强补肝肾作用,如枸杞子、桑叶。现代对于芝麻及芝麻制法的研究主要集中于炮制前后化学成分的变化和芝麻不同炮制品对药理作用的影响,但芝麻作为辅料在炮制中发挥作用的机理尚不明确。通过研究相关文献,以期为炮制辅料芝麻的后续研究提供参考。

经典名方华盖散的历史沿革和关键信息考证

通过梳理华盖散的古今文献,从历史沿革、药物组成、方义考辨、基原与炮制、药物剂量、制法煎法用法、古籍与现代临床应用等7个方面进行详细考证和系统梳理,探究其历史沿革,明确关键信息,为经典名方华盖散的开发提供更详实的依据。

历史经验与科学方法之间:历史政治学如何走向未来?

如何处理中国的历史经验与一般的社会科学方法之间的关系,决定着历史政治学研究的质量乃至未来,也是所有“历史转向”的社会科学学科都需要解决的普遍难题。根据是否运用历史学方法与社会科学方法,可以尝试对目前所有以历史为导向的政治学研究路径进行归类和分析。而未来处理好历史经验与科学方法关系的历史政治学,需要在逻辑基础、文献积累、问题意识、史料运用和比较方法五个层面做出改变。这一“宽视野,窄标准”的进路,既有利于借助和运用国内外学界积累的丰厚资源,也有助于总结和提炼中国历史上积累的实践经验,最终发展出普遍而坚实的理论。