Background:Piroplasms are kinds of tick-borne parasitic apicomplexan protozoa,which are detrimental to humans and animals in tropical and subtropical areas around the world.Up until now,there has been a limited amount...Background:Piroplasms are kinds of tick-borne parasitic apicomplexan protozoa,which are detrimental to humans and animals in tropical and subtropical areas around the world.Up until now,there has been a limited amount of reliable information available about the prevalence of piroplasms infections in wild animals in China.Therefore,we have investigated the infections of Babesia and Theileria species in both domestic and wild animals in Xinyang city,Henan province,where tick-borne diseases have recently been reported.This study aims to analyze the distribution patterns of piroplasms infections in animals,and assess their potential threat to humans in Central China.Methods:Blood samples were collected from sheep,dogs and hedgehogs in two regions,including Shihe District and Luoshan County,of Xinyang city,Henan province from August to December 2012.Babesia spp.and Theileria spp.were detected by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and identified by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.Moreover,the characteristics of detected piroplasms in different animal hosts were compared between the two study regions.Results:A total of 227 blood samples were collected from 73 sheep,two dogs and 152 hedgehogs.Babesia spp.was only detected in the two dogs.Theileria spp.was detected both in the sheep and the hedgehogs,and the total positive rate of Theileria spp.in the sheep and the hedgehogs was 57.53%and 13.82%,respectively.Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Theileria spp.detected in the sheep and the hedgehogs were very close to T.lunwenshuni cloned from a small ruminant and Theileria spp.isolated from a febrile hospitalized patient in China.Conclusion:Babesia and Theileria infections were detected in both domestic and wild animals in Xinyang city,Henan province in Central China,thus warranting further studies in these regions.展开更多
Hedgehog(HH)signaling has been researched for decades and Hedgehog has 3 homologs:Sonic Hedgehog(Shh),Indian Hedgehog(Ihh),and Desert Hedgehog(Dhh).Dhh is the one involved in male gonad and germ cell development.The d...Hedgehog(HH)signaling has been researched for decades and Hedgehog has 3 homologs:Sonic Hedgehog(Shh),Indian Hedgehog(Ihh),and Desert Hedgehog(Dhh).Dhh is the one involved in male gonad and germ cell development.The distribution of molecules in Hedgehog signaling in testis indicated that Hedgehog signaling executes important functions during testis development.The patients with Dhh signaling deficiency develop dysgenesis of gonads and hormone production which demands further exploration of gonad HH signaling.Some results proved the indispensable roles of HH signaling in gonad and germ cell development and the interaction with hormones.This review evaluates HH functions in the testis and how HH affects and is affected by hormones and provides novel insights about HH signaling to the readers.展开更多
Background:The PTCH1 gene,also known as Patched 1,is located on the long arm of human chromosome 9(9q22.3).It encodes the PTCH1 protein,which is a critical transmembrane receptor within the Hedgehog signaling pathway(...Background:The PTCH1 gene,also known as Patched 1,is located on the long arm of human chromosome 9(9q22.3).It encodes the PTCH1 protein,which is a critical transmembrane receptor within the Hedgehog signaling pathway(Hh),playing a pivotal role in cellular communication and developmental processes.Recent studies have highlighted the significance of mutations in PTCH1 in the pathogenesis of lung cancer,positioning it as a crucial molecule for investigation in oncology.Purpose:This review aims to elucidate the role of the PTCH1 and the Hedgehog pathway in the initiation,progression,and potential treatment of lung cancer,thereby providing a theoretical foundation for personalized and precise therapeutic strategies.Method:To ensure a comprehensive review,this study systematically searched for literature related to the PTCH1,lung cancer,and the Hedgehog pathway across multiple databases including PubMed,Web of Science,and CNKI(China National Knowledge Infrastructure).The search strategy involved using specific keywords and advanced filtering options to include the most relevant and recent studies.Initial screening excluded irrelevant articles,followed by a detailed evaluation of the selected studies based on their scientific quality and relevance.Results:This review indicated that specific mutations in the PTCH1 gene are closely associated with the onset and progression of lung cancer.These mutations impede normal Hedgehog signaling,leading to unregulated cell proliferation and tumor growth.Targeting PTCH1,including vismodegib,have shown efficacy in clinical cases,particularly in SCCL with specific PTCH1 mutations,leading to complete remissions.Furthermore,the interaction between PTCH1 and microRNA-212 suggests potential therapeutic approaches by targeting miRNA to regulate PTCH1 expression.In addition,the investigation of traditional Chinese medicines such as Ginsenosides and Cordyceps sinensis extracts has shown their potential to modulate the Hedgehog pathway and reverse drug resistance.Conclusions:An in-depth understanding of the precise mechanisms by which PTCH1 mutations promote lung cancer could facilitate the development of targeted therapies.This study highlights the potential of PTCH1 as a biomarker for diagnosis and a target for precision medicine in lung cancer treatment,advocating for further research into its molecular pathways and therapeutic applications.展开更多
Striatal interneurons play a key role in modulating striatal-dependent behaviors,including motor activity and reward and emotional processing.Interneurons not only provide modulation to the basal ganglia circuitry und...Striatal interneurons play a key role in modulating striatal-dependent behaviors,including motor activity and reward and emotional processing.Interneurons not only provide modulation to the basal ganglia circuitry under homeostasis but are also involved in changes to plasticity and adaptation during disease conditions such as Parkinson's or Huntington's disease.This review aims to summarize recent findings regarding the role of striatal cholinergic and GABAergic interneurons in providing circuit modulation to the basal ganglia in both homeostatic and disease conditions.In addition to direct circuit modulation,striatal interneurons have also been shown to provide trophic support to maintain neuron populations in adulthood.We discuss this interesting and novel role of striatal interneurons,with a focus on the maintenance of adult dopaminergic neurons from interneuronderived sonic-hedgehog.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the Special Fund for Health Research in the Public Interest(Grant No.201202019).
文摘Background:Piroplasms are kinds of tick-borne parasitic apicomplexan protozoa,which are detrimental to humans and animals in tropical and subtropical areas around the world.Up until now,there has been a limited amount of reliable information available about the prevalence of piroplasms infections in wild animals in China.Therefore,we have investigated the infections of Babesia and Theileria species in both domestic and wild animals in Xinyang city,Henan province,where tick-borne diseases have recently been reported.This study aims to analyze the distribution patterns of piroplasms infections in animals,and assess their potential threat to humans in Central China.Methods:Blood samples were collected from sheep,dogs and hedgehogs in two regions,including Shihe District and Luoshan County,of Xinyang city,Henan province from August to December 2012.Babesia spp.and Theileria spp.were detected by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and identified by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.Moreover,the characteristics of detected piroplasms in different animal hosts were compared between the two study regions.Results:A total of 227 blood samples were collected from 73 sheep,two dogs and 152 hedgehogs.Babesia spp.was only detected in the two dogs.Theileria spp.was detected both in the sheep and the hedgehogs,and the total positive rate of Theileria spp.in the sheep and the hedgehogs was 57.53%and 13.82%,respectively.Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Theileria spp.detected in the sheep and the hedgehogs were very close to T.lunwenshuni cloned from a small ruminant and Theileria spp.isolated from a febrile hospitalized patient in China.Conclusion:Babesia and Theileria infections were detected in both domestic and wild animals in Xinyang city,Henan province in Central China,thus warranting further studies in these regions.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32270555 and 32072954).
文摘Hedgehog(HH)signaling has been researched for decades and Hedgehog has 3 homologs:Sonic Hedgehog(Shh),Indian Hedgehog(Ihh),and Desert Hedgehog(Dhh).Dhh is the one involved in male gonad and germ cell development.The distribution of molecules in Hedgehog signaling in testis indicated that Hedgehog signaling executes important functions during testis development.The patients with Dhh signaling deficiency develop dysgenesis of gonads and hormone production which demands further exploration of gonad HH signaling.Some results proved the indispensable roles of HH signaling in gonad and germ cell development and the interaction with hormones.This review evaluates HH functions in the testis and how HH affects and is affected by hormones and provides novel insights about HH signaling to the readers.
文摘Background:The PTCH1 gene,also known as Patched 1,is located on the long arm of human chromosome 9(9q22.3).It encodes the PTCH1 protein,which is a critical transmembrane receptor within the Hedgehog signaling pathway(Hh),playing a pivotal role in cellular communication and developmental processes.Recent studies have highlighted the significance of mutations in PTCH1 in the pathogenesis of lung cancer,positioning it as a crucial molecule for investigation in oncology.Purpose:This review aims to elucidate the role of the PTCH1 and the Hedgehog pathway in the initiation,progression,and potential treatment of lung cancer,thereby providing a theoretical foundation for personalized and precise therapeutic strategies.Method:To ensure a comprehensive review,this study systematically searched for literature related to the PTCH1,lung cancer,and the Hedgehog pathway across multiple databases including PubMed,Web of Science,and CNKI(China National Knowledge Infrastructure).The search strategy involved using specific keywords and advanced filtering options to include the most relevant and recent studies.Initial screening excluded irrelevant articles,followed by a detailed evaluation of the selected studies based on their scientific quality and relevance.Results:This review indicated that specific mutations in the PTCH1 gene are closely associated with the onset and progression of lung cancer.These mutations impede normal Hedgehog signaling,leading to unregulated cell proliferation and tumor growth.Targeting PTCH1,including vismodegib,have shown efficacy in clinical cases,particularly in SCCL with specific PTCH1 mutations,leading to complete remissions.Furthermore,the interaction between PTCH1 and microRNA-212 suggests potential therapeutic approaches by targeting miRNA to regulate PTCH1 expression.In addition,the investigation of traditional Chinese medicines such as Ginsenosides and Cordyceps sinensis extracts has shown their potential to modulate the Hedgehog pathway and reverse drug resistance.Conclusions:An in-depth understanding of the precise mechanisms by which PTCH1 mutations promote lung cancer could facilitate the development of targeted therapies.This study highlights the potential of PTCH1 as a biomarker for diagnosis and a target for precision medicine in lung cancer treatment,advocating for further research into its molecular pathways and therapeutic applications.
文摘Striatal interneurons play a key role in modulating striatal-dependent behaviors,including motor activity and reward and emotional processing.Interneurons not only provide modulation to the basal ganglia circuitry under homeostasis but are also involved in changes to plasticity and adaptation during disease conditions such as Parkinson's or Huntington's disease.This review aims to summarize recent findings regarding the role of striatal cholinergic and GABAergic interneurons in providing circuit modulation to the basal ganglia in both homeostatic and disease conditions.In addition to direct circuit modulation,striatal interneurons have also been shown to provide trophic support to maintain neuron populations in adulthood.We discuss this interesting and novel role of striatal interneurons,with a focus on the maintenance of adult dopaminergic neurons from interneuronderived sonic-hedgehog.
