Book Review “William R. Spillers and Keith M. MacBain. Structural Optimization,Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York,2009”

This book presents general theories and applications of structural optimization methods. The first chapter of the book introduces various basic concepts of structural optimization through several illustrative examples. Chapter 2 is devoted to a comprehensive review of math- ematical programming methods, including classical methods such as the simplex method, the （SLP） method, the interior point method and relatively new approaches such as genetic algo- rithms. The third chapter presents the main topic of this book, the SLP methods based on the incremental equations of structures. Some useful techniques in implementation of SLP, including the move limit, scaling and active constraint identifying, are discussed. In chapter 4, classical optimality criterion approaches, including the fully stress approach for truss struc- tures and its extensions for membrane and plate structures, are presented with demonstrative examples. The remaining chapters develop an overview of structural optimization problems, among which are dynamic optimization, multi-criterion optimization, earlier work on the op- timal layouts of plates, as well as some practical issues in general size and shape optimization problems.

Validation and reproducibility of the Heidelberg Edge Perimeter in the detection of glaucomatous visual field defects

AIM: To validate the ability of the Heidelberg Edge Perimeter(HEP) in detecting glaucomatous visual field(VF) defects compared to the Octopus Visual Field(OVF) Analyzer and to determine the test-retest repeatability of both modalities.METHODS: This prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted at Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA. Glaucoma subjects and unaffected controls underwent VF testing using HEP standard automated perimetry(SAP) Ⅲ 30-2 Adaptive Staircase Thresholding Algorithm(ASTA) FAST protocol and OVF G-TOP white-on-white strategy. Testing order was randomized. Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated for both mean deviation(MD) and pattern standard deviation/square root of loss of variance(PSD/s LV). Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves were used to determine the diagnostic abilities of both modalities. Glaucoma subjects returned for repeat testing and intraclass correlation coefficients(ICCs) were calculated to assess test-retest repeatability. RESULTS: Seventy-nine subjects with glaucoma and 36 unaffected controls were enrolled. HEP and OVF were significantly correlated for both MD(r=-0.84; P<0.01) and PSD/s LV(r=0.79; P<0.01). Areas under the ROC curves(AUCs) were also comparable between HEP and OVF for both MD(0.74 and 0.79, respectively; P=0.26) and PSD/sL V(0.74 and 0.82; P=0.08). ICC was high for both HEP (0.96 for MD, 0.95 for PSD/s LV) and OVF(0.82 and 0.88, respectively). Mean test duration(min) was significantly shorter for OVF(2.63) compared to HEP(5.15; P<0.01). CONCLUSION: HEP and OVF show strong correlation for both MD and PSD/s LV, and have similar validity for detecting glaucoma. The test-retest repeatability is high for both HEP and OVF, however the average testing duration of HEP is significantly longer than that of OVF.

Agreement in identification of glaucomatous progression between the optic disc photography and Heidelberg Retina Tomography in young glaucomatous patients

AIM:To evaluate concordance between the clinical assessment of glaucomatous progression of the optic disc photography and progression identified by Heidelberg Retina Tomograph(HRT)in patients with suspected primary juvenile open angle glaucoma(JOAG).METHODS:Optic disc photographs and corresponding HRTⅡseries were reviewed.Optic disc changes between first and final photographs were noted as well as progression identified by HRT topographic change analysis(TCA)and rim area regression line(RARL)Agreement between progression indentified by photography and HRT methods was assessed.Progression,determined from optic disc photographs by consensus assessment was used as the reference standard.RESULTS:A total of 31 patients(59 eyes)with suspected JOAG were studied.Agreement for progression/no progression between TCA and photography was obtained in 4 progressing eyes and 38stable eyes(71.19%,k=0.11).Agreement for progression/no progression between RARL and photography was detected in 5 progressing eyes and in 34 stable eyes(66.10%,k=0.15).The number of HRT per patient was statistically higher in the progressing group(P=0.034).CONCLUSION:Agreement for detection of longitudinal changes between photography and HRT analysis was poor.One way to improve the chance of discovery of the progression could be increasing the number of HRT examinations.

Neural correlates of the Heidelberg Music Therapy: indicators for the regeneration of auditory cortex in tinnitus patients?

Tinnitus, the phenomenon of ringing or buzzing in the ears without an external sound source is one of the most commonly reported symptoms in otorhinolaryngology and affects 10 - 15% of the general population. Models have been developed to account for neural basis of tinnitus, its pathogenesis and its consequences on mental health （deRidder et al., 2013）. In most cases tinnitus onset follows a partial hearing impairment. Peripheral sensory deprivation due to cochlear damages may prompt increased neuronal activity in the central auditory system in order to adapt the neural sensitivity to the reduced sensory inputs. This central gain could over amplify the ＂neural noise＂ and thus trigger a homeostatic down-regulation of inhib- itory synapses in the auditory cortical map leading to specific reorganization of the cortical representation of the tinnitus percept. Dysfunctional feedback connections from limbic regions to auditory brain areas, interacting at the thalamic level, may account for the psychological impairment.

Heidelberg Speedmaster CD74和SM74-10-P两款中等幅面印刷机

在Drupa 2000之后,由于推广Printmaster74和Speedmas-ter CD74生产线及最新Heidel-berg SM74-10-P Speedmaster就显著扩展了Heidelberg50×70系列产品的业务量.Heidelberg专为高端应用和提高生产率开发了Speedmaster CD74系列和带纸张翻转机构的SpeedmasterSM74-10-P色印刷机.

原发性开角型青光眼的定义对Heidelberg视网膜断层扫描仪诊断正确性影响的横断性评价

PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of different definitions of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) on assessment of the diagnostic validity of HeidelbergRetinal Tomography (HRT). DESIGN: Retrospective, cross-sectional study. METHODS: A search of medline (1992-2003) led to the retrieval of 181 papers containing definitions of POAG, including the eight visual field (VF)-based definitions used for this study. A sample of 193 normal subjects, 222 patients with suspected POAG, and 103 with POAG underwent HRT and the 24 IIHumphreyVF examinations to assess the diagnostic validity of HRT. POAG was defined on the basis of Glaucoma Hemifield Test (GHT) “out of normal limits”associated with corrected pattern standard deviation (CPSD) > 2 dB and intraocular pressure (IOP) < 22 mm Hg. The VFs were re-analyzed and categorized according to the other eight definitions of POAG: IOP formed part of all the definitions, whereas the appearance of the optic disk did not. The sensitivity and specificity of each scenario were calculated by standard procedures. RESULTS: The definitions of POAG found in the literature included 17 IOP criteria, more than 15 optic disk criteria, and more than 30 VF criteria. The sensitivity of HRT ranged from 0.51 to 0.80, and its specificity from 0.94 and 0.95 when the patients with suspected POAG were excluded; diagnostic validity was much lower and still variable when the POAG suspects were included with the normal or the POAG groups. CONCLUSIONS: The most commonly used VF-based definitions of POAG led to substantial differences in the sensitivity and specificity of HRT when using the same large sample of normal subjects and POAGpatients. Astandard definition of POAG is needed to make diagnostic investigations more accurate and comparable.

S.Heidelberg血清型特异性基因筛选及PCR检测方法的建立与应用

海德尔堡沙门氏菌(Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg,SH)是沙门氏菌属内重要的致病性血清型。通过对SH基因组序列进行BLAST比对和PCR验证,筛选出了4个SH血清型特异性基因(SeHA_C2639、SeHA_C2640、SeHA_C3259和SeHA_C3258)。以SeHA_C3258作为靶点设计引物pHAm8(350bp)和沙门氏菌属特异性引物139-141(284bp),建立SH的PCR检测方法,并对其应用效果进行评价。结果表明,经55株不同血清型的沙门氏菌和其他常见食源性致病菌证明,该检测体系具有较好的特异性,纯菌菌落灵敏度为6.1×10~2 CFU/mL。以浓度为N×10~5~N×10~1 CFU/mL的大肠杆菌或鼠伤寒沙门氏菌为干扰菌时,该体系对10~2 CFU/mL的SH检测结果无影响。人工污染SH的牛奶样品,经8h培养,检测限达1.52CFU/mL。该检测方法能快速、准确检测出食品中的SH,有利于在食品安全领域中的应用。

Study on Stereometric Parameters of Optic Nerve Head of Normal, Big-cupped Disk and Glaucomatous Eyes Using Heidelberg Retina Tomograph

Purpose: To investigate the difference of stereometric parameters of optic nerve head between the normal subjects and patients with big-cupped disk and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).Methods: Twenty-two cases (44 eyes) of normal subjects, 17 cases (34 eyes) of patients with big-cupped disk and 19 cases (37 eyes) of patients with POAG underwent Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT) examination to get topography images and stereometric parameters of optic nerve head.Results: The stereometric parameters of optic nerve head of the normal, patients with big-cupped disk and POAG were 1) disk area (mm2): 1. 995± 0. 501, 2. 407±0. 661 and 2. 248±0.498; 2) cup area (mm2): 0.573±0.264, 1. 095±0. 673 and 1. 340±0. 516; 3) cup/disk ratio: 0. 25±0. 095, 0. 428±0. 176 and 0. 589±0.195; 4) rim area (mm2): 1.461±0.328, 1.312±0.418 and 0. 905± 0.409; 5)cup volume (mm3): 0. 108±0. 073, 0. 347±0. 346 and 0. 550 ±0. 394; 6) rim volume (mm3): 0. 421±0. 111, 0. 378±0. 225 and 0. 224±0. 189; 7) mean cup

TRIANGLE operation,combined with adequate adjuvant chemotherapy,can improve the prognosis of pancreatic head cancer:A retrospective study

BACKGROUND The TRIANGLE operation involves the removal of all tissues within the triangle bounded by the portal vein-superior mesenteric vein,celiac axis-common hepatic artery,and superior mesenteric artery to improve patient prognosis.Although previously promising in patients with locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC),data are limited regarding the long-term oncological outcomes of the TRIANGLE operation among resectable PDAC patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD).AIM To evaluate the safety of the TRIANGLE operation during PD and the prognosis in patients with resectable PDAC.METHODS This retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent PD for pancreatic head cancer between January 2017 and April 2023,with or without the TRIANGLE operation.Patients were divided into the PD_(TRIANGLE)and PD_(non-TRIANGLE)groups.Surgical and survival outcomes were compared between the two groups.Adequate adjuvant chemotherapy was defined as adjuvant chemotherapy≥6 months.RESULTS The PD_(TRIANGLE)and PD_(non-TRIANGLE) groups included 52 and 55 patients,respectively.There were no significant differences in the baseline characteristics or perioperative indexes between the two groups.Furthermore,the recurrence rate was lower in the PD_(TRIANGLE) group than in the PD_(non-TRIANGLE) group(48.1%vs 81.8%,P<0.001),and the local recurrence rate of PDAC decreased from 37.8%to 16.0%.Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that PD_(TRIANGLE)(HR=0.424;95%CI:0.256-0.702;P=0.001),adequate adjuvant chemotherapy≥6 months(HR=0.370;95%CI:0.222-0.618;P<0.001)and margin status(HR=2.255;95%CI:1.252-4.064;P=0.007)were found to be independent factors for the recurrence rate.CONCLUSION The TRIANGLE operation is safe for PDAC patients undergoing PD.Moreover,it reduces the local recurrence rate of PDAC and may improve survival in patients who receive adequate adjuvant chemotherapy.

用Heidelberg视网膜断层扫描仪对正常人、大杯和青光眼视乳头形态结构的研究

探讨正常人、大杯和原发性开角型青光眼 (primary open angle glaucoma,POAG)患者之间视乳头结构参数之间的差异。方法 :用 Heidelberg视网膜断层扫描仪 (Heidelberg Retina Tomograph,HRT)对正常人 (2 2例 44眼 )、大杯 (17例 34眼 )和 POAG患者 (19例 37眼 )进行视乳头断层扫描 ,获得视乳头平均地形图图像和视乳头结构诸参数。结果 :三组各参数均数的两两比较结果显示 ,除大杯与 POAG之间的视盘面积、正常人与大杯之间的盘沿面积、盘沿容积及 RNFL截面面积无显著性差异外 ,其余视乳头结构参数均数之间均有显著性差异。结论 :HRT能在活体对视乳头结构进行分析 ;正常人、大杯者和

用Heidelberg视网膜断层扫描仪对正常眼压性青光眼与正常人视盘形态结构的对比研究

目的 比较正常人 (本文所指正常人指非青光眼者 )和正常眼压性青光眼 (NormalTensionGlaucoma ,NTG)视盘形态结构参数之间的差异 ,以指导正常眼压青光眼的早期诊断。方法 用Heidelberg视网膜断层扫描仪 (HeidelbergRetinaTomographⅡ ,HRTⅡ )对正常人 40例 ( 80眼 )及NTG3 0例 ( 60眼 )的视乳头进行断层扫描 ,获得视乳头平均地形图像和视乳头结构诸参数。结果 正常人与NTG视乳头结构各参数中视盘面积、视杯面积、杯盘比、盘沿面积、视杯容积、平均视杯深度、最大视杯深度、平均视神经纤维层厚度及视神经纤维层横截面积存在明显差异。结论 HRT能在活体对视乳头结构进行准确分析 ,视盘面积可能是青光眼的一个易感因素 。

Comparative study of optic disc measurement by Copernicus optical coherence tomography and Heidelberg retinal tomography

Background Copernicus optical coherence tomography （SOCT） is a new, ultra high-speed and high-resolution instrument available for clinical evaluation of optic nerve. The purpose of the study was to compare the agreements between SOCT and Heidelberg retinal tomography （HRT）. Methods A total of 44 healthy normal volunteers were recruited in this study. One eye in each subject was selected randomly. Agreement between SOCT and HRT-3 in measuring optic disc area was assessed using Bland-Altman plots. Relationships between measurements of optic nerve head parameter obtained by SOCT and HRT-3 were assessed by Pearson correlation. Results There was no significant difference in the average cup area （0.306 vs. 0.355 mm, P=0.766）, cup volume （0.158 vs. 0.130 mm, P=0.106） and cup/disc ration （0.394 vs. 0.349 mm, P=0.576） measured by the two instruments. However, other optic disc parameters from SOCT were significantly lower compared with HRT-3. The Bland-Altman plot revealed good agreement of cup area and cup volume measured by SOCT and HRT-3. Bad agreement of disc area, rim area, rim volume and cup/disc ratio were found between SOCT and HRT-3. The highest correlations between the two instruments were observed for cup area （r2=0.783, P=0.000） and cup/disc ratio （r2=0.669, P=0.000）, whereas the lowest correlation was observed for disc area （r2=0.100, P=-0.037）, rim area （r2=0.275, P=0.000）, cup volume （r2=0.005, P=0.391） and rim volume （r2=0.021, P=0.346）. Conclusions There were poor agreements between SOCT and HRT-3 for measurement of optic nerve parameters except cup area and cup volume. Measurement results of the two instruments are not interchangeable.

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Radiation and Water in the Climate System:Remote Measurements——Edited by Ehrhard Raschke,Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg,Germany,1996 614pp.,ISBN 3-540-61470-2

This book is the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Science Institute“RemoteSensing of Processes Governing Energy and Water Cycles in the Climate System”,held inPln,Germany 1—12 May 1995.In this book,a total of 21 conference papers are includedwith a special part for poster summaries.All the papers are modified or shorten versions