Modification of polarization filtering technique in HF ground wave radar

The polarization filter using three orthogonal linear polarization antennas can suppress more disturbances than the polarization filter using two orthogonal linear polarization antennas in HF ground wave radar. But the algorithm of the threedimension filter is relatively complicated and not suitable for real-time processing. It can＇t use linear and nonlinear polarization vector translation technique directly. A modified polarization filter which is simple and has same suppressing ability as the three-dimension polarization filter is given. It only has half parameters of the primary one. Some problems about estimation of polarization parameters and selection of disturbances are discussed. A method of holding the phase of radar backscatter signal constantly is put forward so that unstationary disturbance signal can be processed.

HF radar sea clutter rejection by nonlinear projections

In the background of signal detection for high frequency （I/F） radar, the sea clutter is quite significant and can mask some weak target signals. A new clutter rejection method named “nonlinear projection” is given to improve the SNR of the target. This approach is based on the recent observation that HF sea clutter may be modeled as a nonlinear deterministic dynamical system. After approximating the multidimensional reconstruction of the clutter by a low-dimensional attractor, projections onto this attractor can separate the clutter from other components. Real sea clutter, simulated target data and real target data are used to show that a nonlinear clutter rejection method is a promising technique to suppress sea clutter and enhances target detection.

Application of ESPRIT in Broad Beam HF Ground Wave Radar Sea Surface Current Mapping

HF surface wave radar system OSMAR2000 is a broad-beam sea-state detecting radar. ESPRIT (Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Technique) algorithm is proposed to apply in DOA (direction of arrival) determination of sea echoes. The algorithm of ESPRIT is briefly introduced first. Then discussions are made on the technique for application in the OSMAR2000 framework. Numerical simulation results are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of radial current mapping based on this method. The algorithm manifests significant performance and computational advantages compared with that of MUSIC. Data acquired by OSMAR2000 are processed to give radial current map and the synthesized vector currents are compared with the in-situ measurement with traditional means. The results show the validity of ESPRIT application in DOA determination for broad-beam radar. Key words HF ground wave radar - sea surface current - ESPRIT - MUSIC CLC number TN 911.72 - TN 958.95 Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60201003) and the National High Technology Development 863 Program of China (863-818-01-02)Biography: Liu Dan-hong (1976-), female, Master candidate, research direction: radar signal processing.

The Study of Single Station Inverting the Sea Surface Current by HF Ground Wave Radar Based on Adjoint Assimilation Technology

This paper introduces the assimilation technology in an ocean dynamics model and discusses the feasibility of inverting the sea surface current in the detection zone by assimilating the sea current radial velocity detected by single station HF ground wave radar in ocean dynamics model. Based on the adjoint assimilation and POM model, the paper successfully inverts the sea surface current through single station HF ground wave radar in the Zhoushan sea area. The single station HF radar inversion results are also compared with the bistatic HF radar composite results and the fixed point measured results by Annderaa current meter. The error analysis shows that acquisition of flow velocity and flow direction data from the single station HF radar based on adjoint assimilation and POM model is viable and the data obtained have a high correlation and consistency with the flow field observed by HF radar.

Signal decomposition of HF radar maneuvering targets by using S^2-method with clutter rejection

Multiple maneuvedng targets signal processing in high frequency radar is challenging due to the following difficulties： the interference between signals is severe because of significant spread of the target Doppler spectrum, the low signal to clutter ratio （SCR） environment degrades the performance of signal process- ing algorithms. This paper addresses this challenging problem by using an S2-method and an adaptive clutter rejection scheme. The proposed S2-method improves the S-method by eliminating inter- ference between signals, and thus it enables multi-target signals to be reconstructed individually. The proposed adaptive clutter rejec- tion scheme is based on an adaptive notch filter, which is designed according to the envelop of the clutter spectrum. Experiments with simulated targets added into radar sea clutter echo and real air target data illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Estimation of detection threshold in multiple ship target situations with HF ground wave radar

A credible method of calculating the detection threshold is presented for the multiple target situations, which appear frequently in the lower Doppler velocity region during the surveillance of sea with HF ground wave radar. This method defines a whole-peak-outlier elimination （WPOE） criterion, which is based on in-peak-samples correlation of each target echo spectra, to trim off the target signals and abnormal disturbances with great amplitude from the complex spectra. Therefore, cleaned background noise samples are obtained to improve the accuracy and reliability of noise level estimation. When the background noise is nonhomogeneous, the detection samples are limited and often occupied heavily with outliers. In this case, the problem that the detection threshold is overvalued can be solved. In applications on experimental data, it is verified that this method can reduce the miss alarm rate of signal detection effectively in multiple target situations as well as make the adaptability of the detector better.

Estimation of the Direction of Arrival Using Virtual Matrix Method for HF Ground Wave Radar

According to the characteristic of the echo of highfrequency ground wave radar（HF GWR）, which is one-dimensional narrow band signal, a virtual direction of arrival（DOA） matrix is constructed at first, then the DOA of target evaluation is achieved by the method of resolving equations for two-dimensional DOA matrix. And this method bases on the redundancy information of a linear two-row array of antennae. Both the simulation process and the treatment results of measured data （in the case of low SNR echoes and short data series） are given at the end of this paper. By comparing with GPS data of the targets, the validity and practical applicability of the method in this paper is verified.

Adaptive Radio Frequency Interference Mitigation for HF Surface Wave Radar

The paper analyses the characteristics of radio frequency interference （RFI） in HF surface wave radar （HFSWR） which adopts the linear frequency modulated interrupted continuous wave （FMICW）. RFI will influence all the range cells including all the positive frequency and negative frequency, and the negative frequency range cells contain only the interference information. Based on the above characteristics, we introduce and analyze a new adaptive interference mitigation beamforming algorithm using the negative frequency range cells samples to estimate the interference covariance matrix. Experimental results confirm that this general and robust algorithm can achieve effective RFI suppression using the data recorded by the HFSWR, located near Zhoushan in Zhejiang China.

Simultaneous observations of Syowa East HF radar and Zhongshan Station optical aurora associated with the solar wind negative pressure impulse

The field of views of the Syowa East HF radar covers over Zhongshan Station (magnetic latitude ~ 74. 5°S). We examined the relation between HF radar signatures and optical aurora by using the data obtained on 3 Augusl 1997. A geomagnetic negative sudden impulse (SI- ) occurred at ~ 1432 UT on 3 August 1997associated with the sudden decrease of solar wind plasma density. From the behavior of the optical aurora observed by all-sky TV camera and scanning photometers at Zhongshan Station, a sudden enhancement of auroral emission intensity and poleward moving signature occurred associated with the negative SI. It is intcresting that the temporal and spatial variations of the HF radar backscatter power showed one to one correlations with optical aurora data. The details of this event are examined and compared with the data onboard WIND sate1lite and from ground based magnetometers.

Anti-interference method for HF radars by transmitting phase-modulated chirps

Radio frequency interference （RFI） is a major problem in high-frequency （HF） radars. Conventional filtering-involved RFI suppression methods may introduce distortions to the target signals of interest and often demand extra hardware costs. In this paper, a novel method for RFI suppression by using linearly or randomly phase-modulated （PM） chirps is proposed, which enables independent analyses of the target signal and the RFI. Furthermore, the directions of arrival （DOA） of the interference are used as constraints to ensure a better DOA estimation of the target. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated by numerical simulation results. The method can greatly improve the anti-interference capabilities of HF radars and is extremely applicable in the portable and low-cost radar systems.

MY R&.D WORK IN THE FIELD OF HF RADAR SYSTEMS

Since 1958. I bave been doing research and teaching work at Harbin Polytechnic on the theories of radar,navigational guidance,and signal processing & information treatment by developing new radar systems. In 1979, I went to England in the status of an honorary research fellow and stayed there for two years.probing into HF radar systems under the guidance of the world-famous British marine telemetrist Professor Shearman at Birmingham University.Here.I briefly

多功能HF雷达海洋回波谱模拟软件

介绍了一种多功能的HF雷达海洋回波谱模拟软件，该软件是基于Barrick一阶、二阶HF雷达海洋散射截面方程，并考虑了影响海洋回波Doppler港的多个因素编制而成的。

Eye on the Sky: A UAP Research and Field Study off New York’s Long Island Coast

A ten-month field research study was meticulously conducted at Robert Moses State Park (RMSP) on the south shore of Long Island, NY. The objective was to determine if aerial phenomena of an unknown nature exist over a coastal location and to characterize their properties and behaviors. Primary and secondary field observation methods were utilized in this data-centric study. Forensic engineering principles and methodologies guided the study. The challenges set forward were object detection, observation, and characterization, where multispectral electro-optical devices and radar were employed due to limited visual acuity and intermittent presentation of the phenomena. The primary means of detection utilized a 3 cm X-band radar operating in two scan geometries, the X- and Y-axis. Multispectral electro-optical devices were utilized as a secondary means of detection and identification. Data was emphasized using HF and LF detectors and spectrum analyzers incorporating EM, ultrasonic, magnetic, and RF field transducers to record spectral data in these domains. Data collection concentrated on characterizing VIS, NIR, SWIR, LWIR, UVA, UVB, UVC, and the higher energy spectral range of ionizing radiation (alpha, beta, gamma, and X-ray) recorded by Geiger-Müller counters as well as special purpose semiconductor diode sensors.

基于IFA-HFS的雷达波形域LPI性能评估方法

针对雷达波形域低截获(LPI)性能评估的问题,提出一种应用改进萤火虫算法(IFA)求解指标权重的犹豫模糊集(HFS)评估方法。首先,介绍基于逼近理想解排序(TOPSIS)的犹豫模糊集理论,并从属性和方案2个角度构建指标权重的优化模型;其次,通过引入混沌理论,解决了萤火虫算法容易陷入局部最优的问题,给出用IFA求解指标权重的流程;再次,从雷达发射方角度,提取脉内、脉间5个波形域LPI性能评估指标;最后,得到利用IFA求解指标权重的犹豫模糊集评估方法。选取4种不同类型的雷达进行仿真对比,获得波形域LPI性能排序,验证了方法的快速性和有效性。

采用自适应功率回归门限设定的HF雷达舰船探测(英文)

高频(HF)雷达能够探测和跟踪极远距离上的目标。但是,包含外部噪声、各种不同杂波和干扰的信号环境将大大限制探测性能和系统能力。文中研究了一种新方法来解决复杂HF雷达信号环境中的目标探测问题。该方法采用传统的恒虚警率(CFAR)检测方法,但其门限设置是基于沿距离和多普勒单元功率谱值的回归分析。就中,CFAR检测试验规则与局部峰值测量方法相结合。文中所提探测方法已经真实HF雷达数据试验,得到了很有前景的结果。

准相参体制的LFM-CW-HF雷达性能测试系统

目前由于缺乏对LFM(线性调频)-CW(连续波)-HF(高频)雷达进行外场调试与测试的手段,文中提出了一种准相参体制的雷达性能测试系统很好地解决了这个问题。该系统结构小巧、功能齐全,主要是通过模拟LFM-CW-HF的目标信号和干扰信号来完成对LFM-CW-HF雷达的性能测试;它是基于DQM(数字正交调制技术)和DDS(直接数字频率合成)技术的全数字模拟系统。在实际应用中具有很好的测试效果。

舟山海域高频地波雷达表层流探测试验

2015年4月7-30日,在浙江省舟山近海海域开展了“嵊山-朱家尖”小型阵列变频高频地波雷达系统的海上比测试验,通过雷达观测数据与定点ADCP海流资料的比对检验了地波雷达表层流探测性能。径向流比对结果显示,测点与雷达法向夹角越小,距离雷达距离越近,径向流比测结果越好,雷达探测的结果越可靠。嵊山站径向流与ADCP观测结果的各站总体平均误差为7.98 cm/s,平均均方根误差为15.34 cm/s,平均相关系数为0.89,朱家尖站径向流与ADCP观测结果的各站总体平均误差为6.24 cm/s,平均均方根误差为12.36 cm/s,平均相关系数为0.81。根据矢量流比对结果显示,矢量流速与ADCP观测结果的各站总体平均误差为4.82 cm/s,平均均方根误差为15.03 cm/s,平均相关系数为0.44。设置在嵊山、朱家尖两个雷达站双站探测的核心区域(两个雷达站连线的中垂线上,并且与两个雷达站构成一个近似直角三角形)的站点比测结果更加理想,当流速大于0.25 m/s时,对于核心区域平均后的流向均方根误差为24.9°。

舟山地波雷达数据分析

2007年,小型阵变频高频地波雷达布设在朱家尖和嵊山对共同覆盖范围内的舟山海域进行风、浪、流的业务化探测。本文将台风期间高频地波雷达的探测数据分别与定点浮标观测数据和ASCAT卫星遥感大面积风场数据进行了对比分析。结果表明,高频地波雷达在台风期间较好地反映了舟山海域流场特征和风场分布情况,高频地波雷达的探测数据精度满足指标要求,验证了高频地波雷达在复杂海况条件下具有合格的探测性能。

基于海杂波修正的OTHR空中目标RCS估计

天波超视距雷达工作在时变的电离层传输状态下,通过回波能量难以对空中目标的雷达散射截面积(RCS)进行有效估计。为此,提出了一种基于海杂波修正的目标RCS估计方法,建立了RCS估计卡尔曼滤波模型和RCS仿真数据辅助模型。通过两型民航目标的仿真和实测数据验证了所提模型的有效性,其在不同时段、雷达工作状态和电离层传输条件下,实现了对目标RCS和电离层损耗的稳健估计,并利用目标电磁仿真数据进一步辅助提高了对已知类型目标的估计效率和准确性。

高频地波雷达波形参数设计

根据线性调频中断连续波 (FMICW)雷达原理 ,针对高频地波雷达探测海洋表面动力学要素的要求 ,给出了雷达信号数据采集与处理过程 ;分析了被压地波脉冲中断的雷达回波信号可以进行连续采样的原理 ;设计了无距离混迭和 Doppler频率混迭的 OSMAR2 0 0 0雷达工作参数 .该雷达主要技术指标为 :距离分辨率 2 .5 km ,最大探测距离 2 70 km ,时间分辨率 13m in,雷达工作比 0 .44 ,测速分辨率 2～ 3cm/ s.现场实验表明 。