Pseudo-dynamic test and numerical simulation of high-strength concrete frame structure reinforced with high-strength rebars

This paper describes an investigation of a high-strength concrete frame reinforced with high-strength rebars that was tested in the structure engineering laboratory at Shenyang Jianzhu University. The frame specimen was pseudo- dynamically loaded to indicate three earthquake ground motions of different hazard levels, after which the test specimen was subjected to a pseudo-static loading. This paper focuses on the design, construction and experiment of the test frame and validation of the simulation models. Research shows that a high-strength concrete frame reinforced with high-strength rebars is more efficient and economical than a traditional reinforced concrete frame structure. In addition to the economies achieved by effective use of materials, research shows that the frame can provide enough strength to exceed conventional reinforced concrete frames and provide acceptable ductility. The test study provides evidence to validate the performance of a high- strength concrete frame designed according to current seismic code provisions. Based on previous test research, a nonlinear FEM analysis is completcd by using OpenSees software, The dynamic responses of the frame structure are numerically analyzed, The results of the numerical simulation show that the model can calculate the seismic responses of the frame by OpenSees. At the same time, the test provides additional opportunities to validate the performance of the simulation models.

Mechanical properties of high-strength concrete subjected to high temperature by stressed test

Recently, the effects of high temperature on compressive strength and elastic modulus of high strength concrete were experimentally investigated. The present study is aimed to study the effect of elevated temperatures ranging from 20 ℃ to 700 ℃ on the material mechanical properties of high-strength concrete of 40, 60 and 80 MPa grade. During the strength test, the specimens are subjected to a 25% of ultimate compressive strength at room temperature and sustained during heating, and when the target temperature is reached, the specimens are loaded to failure. The tests were conducted at various temperatures (20-700 ℃) for concretes made with W/B ratios of 46%, 32% and 25%, respectively. The results show that the relative values of compressive strength and elastic modulus decrease with increasing compressive strength grade of specimen.

Experimental study on the seismic behavior of high strength concrete fi lled double-tube columns

To study the seismic behavior of high strength concrete fi lled double-tube(CFDT) columns,each consisting of an external square steel tube and an internal circular steel tube,quasi-static tests on eight CFDT column specimens were conducted.The test variables included the width-to-thickness ratio(β1) and the area ratio(β2) of the square steel tube,the wall thickness of the circular steel tube,and the axial force(or the axial force ratio) applied to the CFDT columns.The test results indicate that for CFDT columns with a square steel tube with β1 of 50.1 and 24.5,local buckling of the specimen was found at a drift ratio of 1/150 and 1/50,respectively.The lateral force-displacement hysteretic loops of all specimens were plump and stable.Reducing the width-to-thickness ratio of the square steel tube,increasing its area ratio,or increasing the wall thickness of the internal circular steel tube,led to an increased fl exural strength and deformation capacity of the specimens.Increasing the design value of the axial force ratio from 0.8 to 1.0 may increase the fl exural strength of the specimens,while it may also decrease the ultimate deformation capacity of the specimen with β1 of 50.1.

Seismic performance of steel reinforced ultra high-strength concrete composite frame joints

To investigate the seismic performance of a composite frame comprised of steel reinforced ultra high-strength concrete （SRUHSC） columns and steel reinforced concrete （SRC） beams, six interior frame joint specimens were designed and tested under low cyclically lateral load. The effects of the axial load ratio and volumetric stirrup ratio were studied on the characteristics of the frame joint performance including crack pattern, failure mode, ductility, energy dissipation capacity, strength degradation and rigidity degradation. It was found that all joint specimens behaved in a ductile manner with flexural-shear failure in the joint core region while plastic hinges appeared at the beam ends. The ductility and energy absorption capacity of joints increased as the axial load ratio decreased and the volumetric stirIup ratio increased. The displacement ductility coefficient and equivalent damping coefficient of the joints fell between the corresponding coefficients of the steel reinforced concrete （SRC） frame joint and RC frame joint. The axial load ratio and volumetric stirrup ratio have less influence on the strength degradation and more influence on the stiffness degradation. The stiffness of the joint degrades more significantly for a low volumetric stirrup ratio and high axial load ratio. The characteristics obtained from the SRUHSC composite frame joint specimens with better seismic performance may be a useful reference in future engineering applications.

Evaluation of the Shear Strength of Perfobond Rib Connectors in Ultra High Performance Concrete

Since the previous strength prediction models for the perfobond rib connector were proposed based upon the results of push-out tests conducted on concretes with compressive strength below 50 MPa, push-out test is performed on perfobond shear connectors applying ultra high performance concretes with compressive strength higher than 80 MPa to evaluate their shear resistance. The test variables are chosen to be the diameter and number of dowel holes and, the change in the shear strength of the perfobond rib connector is examined with respect to the strength of two types of UHPC: steel fiber-reinforced concrete with compressive strength of 180 MPa and concrete without steel fiber with compressive strength of 80 MPa. The test results reveal that higher concrete strength and larger number of holes increased the shear strength, and that higher increase rate in the shear strength was achieved by the dowel action. The comparison with the predictions obtained by the previous models shows that the experimental results are close to the values given by the model proposed by Oguejiofor and Hosain [1].

Characterization of Surface Hardness and Microstructure of High Performance Concrete

The relationship between compressive strength obtained by universal testing machine and rebound value obtained by the hammer of high performance concrete was systematically investigated at the macro level. And a model of high performance concrete strength curve was established from them. At the micro level, the microstructure, hydration products and pore structure of concrete surface were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, comprehensive thermal analysis（TG-DSC） and mercury intrusion porosimetry（MIP）, respectively. The effect of carbonation on surface strength was also investigated. The results showed that the concrete surface hardness layer grew rapidly at early stage and then stabilized at last with ongoing curing age; the rebound value and compressive strength of concrete with slag were higher than those of concrete with the same content of fly ash. In addition, the strength curve obtained by the least square method can satisfy the local standard requirements with an average relative error of 8.9% and a relative standard deviation of 11.3%. When the carbonation depth was 6 mm, the compressive strength calculated by national uniform strength curve was 25 PMa higher than that by high performance concrete.

Critical crack tip opening displacement of different strength concrete

Critical crack tip opening displacement (CTODc) of concrete using experimental and analytical evaluation with seven different compressive strengths ranging from 30 up to 150 MPa was studied based on two types of fracture tests:three-point bending (TPB) and wedge splitting (WS).In the tests,the values of CTODc were experimentally recorded using a novel technique,in which fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors were used,and two traditional techniques,in which strain gauges and clip gauges were deployed.The values of CTODc of tested concrete were also predicted using two existing analytical formulae proposed by JENQ & SHAH and XU,respectively.It is found that the values of CTODc obtained by both experimental measurements and analytical formulae exhibit a negligible variation as the compressive strength of concrete increases,and the test geometry adopted has little impact on the value of CTODc.Regarding the experimental measurement of CTODc,the clip gauge method generally leads to a larger value of CTODc and shows a more significant scatter as compared with the other two methods,while the strain gauge method leads to a slightly lower CTODc as compared with the FBG sensor method.The analytical formula proposed by JENQ and SHAH is found to generally lead to an overestimation,while the analytical formula proposed by XU shows a good accuracy.

Shear design of high strength concrete prestressed girders

Normal strength prestressed concrete I-girders are commonly used as the primary superstructure components in highway bridges. However, shear design guidelines for high strength PC girders are not available in the current structural codes. Recently, ten 7.62 m （25 feet） long girders made with high strength concrete were designed, cast, and tested at the University of Houston （UH） to study the ultimate shear strength and the shear concrete contribution （Vc） as a function of concrete strength （f＇c）. A simple semi-empirical set of equations was developed based on the test results to predict the ultimate shear strength of prestressed concrete I-girders. The UH-developed set of equations is a function of concrete strength （√f＇c）, web area （bwd）, shear span to effective depth ratio （a/d）, and percentage of transverse steel （Pt）. The proposed UH-Method was found to accurately predict the ultimate shear strength of PC girders with concrete strength up to 117 MPa （17000 psi） ensuring satisfactory ductility. The UH-Method was found to be not as overly conservative as the ACI-318 （2011） code provisions, and also not to overestimate the ultimate shear strength of high strength PC girders as the AASHTO LRFD （2010） code provisions. Moreover, the proposed UH-Method was found fairly accurate and not exceedingly conservative in predicting the concrete contribution to shear for concrete strength up to 117 MPa （17000 psi）.

高强钢管超高性能混凝土界面黏结滑移性能试验

目的为了研究高强钢管超高性能混凝土的黏结滑移性能,方法考虑径厚比、长径比和钢纤维掺量3个参数的影响,设计并制作15根构件进行试验研究,通过推出试验,得到轴向荷载与加载端位移的荷载-位移曲线,以及高强钢管与超高性能混凝土之间的黏结强度,根据试验结果,对影响黏结强度的参数进行定性定量分析。结果结果表明:随着高强钢管长径比和径厚比的增加,黏结强度减小;随着钢纤维掺量增加,试件黏结强度先增加后减小,即当钢纤维掺量从1%增加到2%时,黏结强度增加,但当钢纤维掺量从2%增加到3%时,黏结强度反而降低;试件荷载-滑移曲线表现为两种形式,一是有明显的峰值点,峰值点后曲线急速下降(部分出现尾部上升的现象),二是曲线无明显峰值点,拐点后曲线持续缓慢增长。高强钢管超高性能混凝土的黏结破坏分为黏结阶段、滑动阶段和抗摩擦阶段。结论以长径比、径厚比、含钢率和套箍系数为参数,结合试验数据并对其进行回归分析,得到适用于高强钢管超高性能混凝土黏结强度的计算模型,并将计算结果与试验结果进行对比,计算值与试验值吻合较好,可为实际工程提供一定参考。

HRB635级高强钢筋与C70高强混凝土黏结锚固性能试验研究

目的 研究HRB635级高强钢筋与C70高强混凝土之间黏结锚固性能,为工程应用提供参考。方法 设计制作了5组45个直锚试件进行拉拔试验,分析了锚固长度、配箍率、混凝土保护层厚度等因素对锚固性能的影响。结果 试件极限承载力随配箍率和锚固长度的增加而增加,但当箍筋率ρsv大于1.26%,锚固长度la大于15d后,配箍率和锚固长度的增加不再对试件极限承载力产生明显的影响;对于未配置箍筋的试件,当试件保护层厚度从2d增加到3d时,试件极限承载力随着保护层厚度的增加而增加,但当保护层厚度大于3d后,保护层厚度的增加对试件极限承载力基本没有影响。结论 在进行HRB635级高强钢筋和C70高强混凝土试件设计时,锚固长度可按《混凝土结构设计规范》(GB 50010-2010)中相关公式进行计算,且具有足够的安全储备。

高强型钢超高性能混凝土短柱轴压性能试验及其有限元分析

为研究高强型钢超高性能混凝土短柱的轴压性能,对试件进行了轴心受压试验,设计参数包括配钢率、箍筋间距和箍筋形式。观察了试件的轴压破坏过程,获得了破坏形态及轴向荷载-位移曲线,分析了承载能力、变形能力、刚度等轴压性能指标,以及超高性能混凝土、纵筋、箍筋和型钢的应变发展规律。在试验研究基础上,采用ABAQUS建立了高强型钢超高性能混凝土短柱轴压性能有限元分析模型,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,进而进行了参数分析。结果表明:试件发生的是典型轴压破坏,中部表面出现“锯齿形”裂缝;轴向荷载-位移曲线会出现2次荷载峰值;箍筋间距减小时,试件的承载能力和变形能力均提高,但刚度退化速率没有显著变化;配钢率增大时,试件的承载能力提高,变形能力先增大后减小,刚度退化变缓;型钢强度增大时,试件的承载能力和变形能力均提高,提高速度先快后慢;超高性能混凝土抗压强度增大时,试件的承载能力提高,变形能力降低;超高性能混凝土受拉能够达到峰值应变;纵筋在极限点之前发生受压屈服;箍筋在极限点时应变不足屈服应变的1/3,但在破坏点前达到受拉屈服;型钢翼缘在极限点前后发生屈服,腹板屈服晚于翼缘。

改性材料及其掺量对超高性能混凝土力学性能的影响

【目的】优选不同掺量的改性材料,并分析改性后的UHPC抗压强度和破坏形态,制备更加经济型的超高性能混凝土(ultra-high performance concrete,UHPC)。【方法】选取钢渣微粉、河砂、粗骨料、钢纤维作为4种改性材料,设计四因素三水平正交试验,根据正交试验结果制备9种试件;通过力学性能实验,对比分析各试件的抗压强度,优选出改性材料最佳配方并分析UHPC的破坏形态。【结果】钢渣微粉、河砂、粗骨料和钢纤维的加入量(掺量)对试件抗压强度平均值影响的极差分别为7.60、7.57、7.77、0.84,粗骨料、钢渣微粉、河砂对UHPC的抗压强度的影响较大,钢纤维对UHPC抗压强度影响较小。由正交试验结果可知,当钢渣微粉、河砂、粗骨料的加入量分别为210、855、640 kg/m^(3),钢纤维的体积分数(掺量)为1.5%,养护龄期为28 d时,经改性的UHPC抗压强度最大,为134.4 MPa。改性后的UHPC受压破坏时不会瞬间炸裂,整体形态完整。【结论】钢渣微粉和粗骨料的添加能降低改性后的UHPC制造成本,经优化4种改性材料的掺量后UHPC的抗压强度降幅较小,但韧性增强,力学性能得到保障。

非挤土嵌岩预应力高强度混凝土管桩的桩端承载性能研究

施工装备和工艺的不断创新使得非挤土嵌岩预应力高强度混凝土(prestressed high-strength concrete,简称PHC)管桩逐渐得到推广和应用。为揭示嵌入中微风化岩PHC管桩的桩端承载机制,以随钻跟管工法桩为背景,基于泥质粉砂岩地区5组桩径为500 mm的PHC管桩桩端现场静载破坏性试验,分析了不同条件下嵌岩PHC管桩的桩端承载性能及宏观破坏模式,并提出桩端承载力计算方法。试验表明:对于采用敞口桩靴的PHC管桩,未封底时,敞口桩靴削弱了PHC管桩桩端承载性能,呈现刺入岩基的破坏,极限荷载下桩端沉降为11~15 mm;混凝土封底后,显著提高了桩端承载性能,极限承载力较非封底时提升340%,封底混凝土和桩靴的桩端阻力分担比分别为78%和22%,桩端呈整体剪切破坏。基于Hoek-Brown强度准则,提出了嵌岩PHC管桩桩端承力简化计算方法,计算精度得到了试验验证,可供非挤土嵌岩PHC管桩的设计与施工参考。

型钢高强混凝土柱破坏模式与变形特征研究

开展了4根不同轴压比和箍筋间距的型钢高强混凝土(SRHC)柱的拟静力试验,分析了不同设计参数时SRHC柱的破坏模式的差异。采用有限元软件建立了SRHC柱的有限元模型,在此基础上分析了不同破坏模式时SRHC柱的变形特征以及各设计参数的影响。研究结果表明:剪跨比为3.0的SRHC柱在往复加载初期均表现为以弯曲破坏为主,但轴压比较大或箍筋间距较大的SRHC柱最终发生弯剪破坏。发生弯曲破坏的SRHC柱的滞回曲线更加饱满,骨架曲线下降段更平缓,位移延性系数和极限弹塑性位移角更大,变形能力更强。对于发生弯剪破坏的SRHC柱,轴力更大或箍筋间距更大时,滞回曲线的耗能面积更小,强度和刚度退化更明显,骨架曲线下降段更陡峭,位移延性系数和极限弹塑性位移角更小,变形能力更差。当破坏模式不同时,弯曲变形和剪切变形占总变形的比例也有所不同,发生弯剪破坏的SRHC柱的剪切变形占比较发生弯曲破坏时更大。

混杂纤维超高性能混凝土的弯曲力学性能研究

通过超高性能混凝土(UHPC)棱柱体的四点弯曲试验,研究了4种纤维掺量的长直型、端钩型和混合型钢纤维UHPC的弯拉性能,并与倒推分析法得到的UHPC拉伸性能进行对比。结果表明:纤维类型和纤维掺量对UHPC棱柱体弯拉性能的弹性阶段无明显影响,其影响主要作用在裂缝发展阶段;混合型纤维UHPC对弯拉性能的裂缝发展阶段改良效果最优,且混合型纤维提供的抗力效果较其他类型纤维更优。倒推分析法的初裂强度高于轴拉等效初裂强度,两者比值介于1.03~1.19。

C80高性能混凝土高温试验及残余抗压强度研究

对聚丙烯纤维(PP)体积掺量为0,0.2%的C80高性能混凝土立方体试块模拟火灾(高温)对比试验,进行了不同作用温度后混凝土试块的质量损失和残余抗压强度测试,分析了不同作用温度对混凝土的质量损失和残余抗压强度的影响。结果表明,聚丙烯纤维体积掺量0,0.2%两类混凝土的高温试验现象基本类似,均随着作用温度的升高,炉膛内有白色烟雾逸出,不同的是未掺聚丙烯纤维的部分混凝土试块出现不同程度的爆裂现象,而掺聚丙烯纤维混凝土试块均无爆裂现象发生;两类混凝土的质量损失随温度的升高呈现逐渐增加趋势,而抗压强度整体呈下降趋势;400℃前,混凝土的残余抗压强度降低幅度较缓慢;400℃后,混凝土的残余抗压强度下降较为显著,且其内部劣化损伤较为严重。

高性能混凝土高温力学及热变形试验研究

本文探究了高性能混凝土在高温环境下的宏观特征、力学性能以及热变形情况。采用对照试验的方法,分别使用素混凝土和掺入了聚丙烯纤维的高性能混凝土制作了试件,使用两种试件分别进行了高温试验、高温后的力学试验以及热应变试验。结果表明,随着试件温度的升高,素混凝土试件率先出现裂隙,最后完全剥落,而高性能混凝土试件出现裂隙的时间较晚,只有少许剥落;高性能混凝土的抗拉性能和弹性模量均优于素混凝土,在800℃高温下高性能混凝土试件的抗拉强度损失率为75.5%,弹性模量损失率为94.2%,均低于塑性混凝土试件;加热相同时间下,高性能混凝土的热应变值始终低于素混凝土。

HF高强耐磨粉煤灰混凝土在黄河大峡水电站工程的应用

ＨＦ高强耐磨粉煤灰混凝土具有水泥用是低，抗拉强度高，抗冲耐磨性能优质的特点，因此，极产产生裂缝。适用于闸墩及高速水流层混凝土，在钢筋密集的结件使用亦能保证施工质量，文中介绍了ＨＦ高强耐磨混凝土的性能及在大峡水电站预应力闸墩施工中使用情况。

盘石头水库工程泄洪洞HF耐磨混凝土实用技术

盘石头水库泄洪洞在运行期遇100年一遇洪水时,其泄洪流量约1179m3/s,最大流速在24 76m/s～28 21m/s之间,所以泄洪洞的洞身要求抗空蚀和耐磨性能好的材料,设计要求抗压强度C40、抗渗S6、抗冻D200的耐磨混凝土,且与普通C40混凝土相比抗磨强度提高50%以上,抗空蚀强度提高100%以上。本文在试验的基础上,通过比较选择合适的混凝土。

光纤光栅应变检测技术在预制桩中的应用研究

光纤光栅表面式GFRP桩基应变计具有分布式和长距离检测等特点,并且此种桩基应变计易埋入到成型的预制工程构件中,在桩身内力测试中具有独特的优势。介绍了在软土地区预制桩检测中采用布里渊光时域反射技术(BOTDR)的传感原理及GFRP桩基应变计的植入工艺,根据测试结果对比分析桩身内力、桩周摩阻力及桩端阻力,更加全面地了解地层特性及预制桩承载特性,为设计参数的优化提供可靠依据。