A new look at cardiac pathophysiology difference in type 2 diabetic mice by comparative analysis

Objective To clarify the differences in cardiac structure,cardiac function,and myocardial metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus mice with obesity or non-obesity and to elucidate the key molecular mechanisms leading to this difference.Methods Db/db mice and low-dose STZ injection combined with HFD-induced diabetes mellitus mice were used in this study as the model of type 2 diabetes mellitus with obesity or non-obesity.

The inhibitor effect of RKIP on inflammasome activation and inflammasome-dependent diseases

Aberrant inflammasome activation contributes to the pathogenesis of various human diseases,including atherosclerosis,gout,and metabolic disorders.Elucidation of the underlying mechanism involved in the negative regulation of the inflammasome is important for developing new therapeutic targets for these diseases.Here,we showed that Raf kinase inhibitor protein(RKIP)negatively regulates the activation of the NLRP1,NLRP3,and NLRC4 inflammasomes.RKIP deficiency enhanced caspase-1 activation and IL-1P secretion via NLRP1,NLRP3,and NLRC4 Inflammasome activation In primary macrophages.The overexpression of RKIP in THP-1 cells inhibited NLRP1,NLRP3,and NLRC4 inflammasome activation.RKIP-deficient mice showed increased sensitivity to Aluminduced peritonitis and Salmonella typhimurium-induced inflammation,indicating that RKIP inhibits NLRP3 and NLRC4 inflammasome activation in vivo.Mechanistically,RKIP directly binds to apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-recruitment domain(ASC)and competes with NLRP1,NLRP3,or NLRC4 to interact with ASC thus interrupting inflammasome assembly and activation.The depletion of RKIP aggravated inflammasome-related diseases such as monosodium urate(MSU)-induced gouty arthritis and high-fat diet(HFD)-induced metabolic disorders.Furthermore,the expression of RKIP was substantially downregulated in patients with gouty arthritis or type 2 diabetes(T2D)compared to healthy controls.Collectively,our findings suggest that RKIP negatively regulates NLRP1,NLRP3,and NLRC4 inflammasome activation and is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammasome-related diseases.