Researchers have long been aware of the existence of large HI structures and over the past decades, a large observational record of their properties has been assembled. Despite all the work that has been done, however...Researchers have long been aware of the existence of large HI structures and over the past decades, a large observational record of their properties has been assembled. Despite all the work that has been done, however, there is no consensus about their origin. In this paper, we will show that these structures can readily be understood within the framework of a new model of cosmology based on time-varying curvature and an unconventional model of nucleosynthesis. According to this model, all galaxies came into existence at the same time during nucleosynthesis as large proton gas clouds whose detailed structure was fixed by an imprint established in the vacuum during an initial Plank inflation. One of the predictions of the model is that all these proto-galaxy gas clouds reached the zero-velocity point of their expansion with sizes many times larger than their present-day size. The large outer HI rings are simply regions of this gas that remained at the maximum size as the core compacted to its present-day size. Similarly, the inner rings are regions that did compact with the galaxy core.展开更多
Our original intent was to explain the origin of large HI structures. In order to understand HI structures, however, it is first necessary to understand the origin of both galaxies and galaxy clusters. Explaining thei...Our original intent was to explain the origin of large HI structures. In order to understand HI structures, however, it is first necessary to understand the origin of both galaxies and galaxy clusters. Explaining their origin is the purpose of Part 1 of this work. In our new model of cosmology, the creation of protons during nucleosynthesis was regulated by an imprint embedded in the vacuum in a manner that eventually resulted in the cosmic structures we now observe. Immediately after nucleosynthesis and for a considerable period afterward, the evolution was dominated by the expansion of the universe. Gradually, gravitational influences became important until eventually, the two became equal. At that point, the structures ceased to increase in size, and thereafter, their evolution was dominated by the gravitational interaction of the particles. The zero-velocity point for galaxies and galaxy clusters occurred at the usually accepted time of the beginning of galaxy formation. The initial population of stars also started their compaction at that same time but, in this case, partially for reasons having to do with the temperature of the proton gas. Many details of the evolution of the structure are discussed. We discuss the equilibrium of galaxy clusters and present a model that can potentially account for the present-day energy of the intracluster gas. Another outcome is that, at the time when the galaxies reached their zero-velocity point, they were several times larger than their present-day size, a fact that is critical for understanding the origin of the larger HI rings. In Part 2 of this work, we show that the HI structures can readily be understood in terms of the model developed here.展开更多
文摘Researchers have long been aware of the existence of large HI structures and over the past decades, a large observational record of their properties has been assembled. Despite all the work that has been done, however, there is no consensus about their origin. In this paper, we will show that these structures can readily be understood within the framework of a new model of cosmology based on time-varying curvature and an unconventional model of nucleosynthesis. According to this model, all galaxies came into existence at the same time during nucleosynthesis as large proton gas clouds whose detailed structure was fixed by an imprint established in the vacuum during an initial Plank inflation. One of the predictions of the model is that all these proto-galaxy gas clouds reached the zero-velocity point of their expansion with sizes many times larger than their present-day size. The large outer HI rings are simply regions of this gas that remained at the maximum size as the core compacted to its present-day size. Similarly, the inner rings are regions that did compact with the galaxy core.
文摘Our original intent was to explain the origin of large HI structures. In order to understand HI structures, however, it is first necessary to understand the origin of both galaxies and galaxy clusters. Explaining their origin is the purpose of Part 1 of this work. In our new model of cosmology, the creation of protons during nucleosynthesis was regulated by an imprint embedded in the vacuum in a manner that eventually resulted in the cosmic structures we now observe. Immediately after nucleosynthesis and for a considerable period afterward, the evolution was dominated by the expansion of the universe. Gradually, gravitational influences became important until eventually, the two became equal. At that point, the structures ceased to increase in size, and thereafter, their evolution was dominated by the gravitational interaction of the particles. The zero-velocity point for galaxies and galaxy clusters occurred at the usually accepted time of the beginning of galaxy formation. The initial population of stars also started their compaction at that same time but, in this case, partially for reasons having to do with the temperature of the proton gas. Many details of the evolution of the structure are discussed. We discuss the equilibrium of galaxy clusters and present a model that can potentially account for the present-day energy of the intracluster gas. Another outcome is that, at the time when the galaxies reached their zero-velocity point, they were several times larger than their present-day size, a fact that is critical for understanding the origin of the larger HI rings. In Part 2 of this work, we show that the HI structures can readily be understood in terms of the model developed here.
