基于HIF-1α-iNOS信号通路探讨瑞舒伐他汀联合缺血后处理对糖尿病小鼠的心肌保护作用

目的:探讨瑞舒伐他汀联合缺血后处理对糖尿病小鼠心肌的作用并分析其保护作用的机制。方法:应用高脂高糖饮食的方法构建2型糖尿病小鼠动物模型,随机分为假手术组(sham组)、缺血/再灌注组(I/R组)、缺血后处理组(IpostC组)及瑞舒伐他汀联合缺血后处理组(RPO+IpostC组),每组10只。分析各组小鼠低氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(i NOS)蛋白表达及血浆炎症因子、血清一氧化氮(NO)水平变化,观察各组小鼠心肌梗死面积、心肌组织HE染色结构变化。结果:与I/R组、IPostC组相比,RPO+IpostC组HIF-1α,i NOS蛋白表达显著上调(P<0.05);与IpostC组相比,RPO+IpostC组小鼠血清NO和血浆IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平均明显降低,血浆IL-10升高(P<0.05);经显微镜观察显示,sham组小鼠的心肌细胞HE染色结构正常,RPO+IpostC组小鼠心肌细胞HE染色后损伤相对较小;与I/R组相比,IpostC组和RPO+IpostC组小鼠缺血面积(AAR/LV)、梗死面积(IRR/AAR)均明显减小,且RPO+IpostC组小鼠AAR/LV、IRR/AAR最小(P<0.05)。结论:瑞舒伐他汀联合缺血后处理可以通过对糖尿病小鼠HIF-1α-i NOS信号通路进行调节,进而上调HIF-1α、i NOS蛋白表达,减轻炎症反应,降低心肌细胞缺血再灌注损伤,保护心肌。

Solanine Interferes with AKT/p-AKT and PI3K/p-PI3K Pathway to Inhibit HIF and Destroy Cell Energy Metabolism

The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanism of Solanine disrupting energy metabolism in human renal cancer ACHN cells and to clarify its target. The specific method was to culture human renal cancer ACHN cell lines, and to intervene with Solanine of high, medium and low concentrations. The content of ATP in cells was measured by ELISA method. The expression of HIF-1α protein and the expression of PI3K, AKT, p-PI3K, p-AKT in PI3K/AKT pathway were detected by Western blotting. The results showed that compared with the control group, the relative expression of p-PI3K and p-AKT showed a downward trend with the increase of Solanine concentration (P < 0.05), while the relative expression of PI3K and AKT showed no significant change (P > 0.05). In addition, the relative expression of HIF-1α also showed a downward trend (P < 0.05). According to the above results, it is suggested that Solanine can significantly inhibit the energy metabolism of renal cancer cells, the main mechanism of which is the down-regulation of HI-1αf downstream of the PI3K/Akt pathway by inhibiting the phosphorylation process of PI3K/p-PI3K and Akt/p-Akt.

Extracts of Celastrus Orbiculatus Inhibit Cancer Metastasis by Down-regulating Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Hypoxia-Induced Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells

Objective: To evaluate the effects of Celastrus Orbiculatus extracts(COE) on metastasis in hypoxiainduced hepatocellular carcinoma cells(Hep G2) and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods:The effect of COE(160, 200 and 240 μg/mL) on cell viability, scratch-wound, invasion and migration were studied by 3-4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide(MTT), scratch-wound and transwell assays, respectively. Co Cl2 was used to establish a hypoxia model in vitro. Effects of COE on the expressions of E-cadherin, vimentin and N-cadherin were investigated with Western blot and immuno?uorescence analysis,respectively. Results: COE inhibited proliferation and metastasis of hypoxia-induced hepatocellular carcinoma cells in a dose-dependent manner(P<0.01). Furthermore, the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) related markers were also remarkably suppressed in a dose-dependent manner(P<0.01). In addition, the upstream signaling pathways, including the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(Hif-1α) and Twist1 were suppressed by COE. Additionally, the Hif-1α inhibitor 3-5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole(YC-1), potently suppressed cell invasion and migration as well as expression of EMT in hypoxia-induced Hep G2 cells. Similarly, the combined treatment with COE and YC-1 showed a synergistic effect(P<0.01) compared with the treatment with COE or YC-1 alone in hypoxia-induced Hep G2 cells. Conclusions: COE signi?cantly inhibited the tumor metastasis and EMT by suppressing Hif-1α/Twist1 signaling pathway in hypoxia-induced Hep G2 cell. Thus, COE might have potential effect to inhibit the progression of Hep G2 in the context of tumor hypoxia.

Network pharmacology and experimental validation of Maxing Shigan decoction in the treatment of influenza virus-inducedferroptosis

Influenza is an acute viral respiratory infection that has caused high morbidity and mortality worldwide.Influenza A virus(IAV)has been found to activate multiple programmed cell death pathways,including ferroptosis.Ferroptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death in which the accumulation of intracellular iron promotes lipid peroxidation,leading to cell death.However,little is known about how influenza viruses induce ferroptosis in the host cells.In this study,based on network pharmacology,we predicted the mechanism of action of Maxing Shigan decoction(MXSGD)in IAV-induced ferroptosis,and found that this process was related to biological processes,cellular components,molecular function and multiple signaling pathways,where the hypoxia inducible factor-1(HIF-1)signaling pathway plays a significant role.Subsequently,we constructed the mouse lung epithelial(MLE-12)cell model by IAV-infected in vitro cell experiments,and revealed that IAV infection induced cellular ferroptosis that was characterized by mitochondrial damage,increased reactive oxygen species(ROS)release,increased total iron and iron ion contents,decreased expression of ferroptosis marker gene recombinant glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4),increased expression of acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4(ACSL4),and enhanced activation of hypoxia inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α),induced nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in the HIF-1 signaling pathway.Treatment with MXSGD effectively reduced intracellular viral load,while reducing ROS,total iron and ferrous ion contents,repairing mitochondrial results and inhibiting the expression of cellular ferroptosis and the HIF-1 signaling pathway.Finally,based on animal experiments,it was found that MXSGD effectively alleviated pulmonary congestion,edema and inflammation in IAV-infected mice,and inhibited the expression of ferroptosis-related protein and the HIF-1 signaling pathway in lung tissues.