Development of a Low-cost Hardware-in-the-loop Simulation System as a Test Bench for Anti-lock Braking System

Nowadays validation of anti-lock braking systems（ABS） relies mainly on a large amount of road tests.An alternative means with higher efficiency is employing the hardware-in-the-loop simulation（HILS） system to substitute part of road tests for designing,testing,and tuning electronic control units（ECUs） of ABS.Most HILS systems for ABS use expensive digital signal processor hardware and special purpose software,and some fail-safe functions with regard to wheel speeds cannot be evaluated since artificial wheel speed signals are usually provided.In this paper,a low-cost ABS HILS test bench is developed and used for validating the anti-lock braking performance and tuning control parameters of ABS controllers.Another important merit of the proposed test bench is that it can comprehensively evaluate the fail-safe functions with regard to wheel speed signals since real tone rings and sensors are integrated in the bench.A 5-DOF vehicle model with consideration of longitudinal load transfer is used to calculate tire forces,wheel speeds and vehicle speed.Each of the four real-time wheel speed signal generators consists of a servo motor plus a ring gear,which has sufficient dynamic response ability to emulate the rapid changes of the wheel speeds under strict braking conditions of very slippery roads.The simulation of braking tests under different road adhesion coefficients using the HILS test bench is run,and results show that it can evaluate the anti-lock braking performance of ABS and partly the fail-safe functions.This HILS system can also be used in such applications as durability test,benchmarking and comparison between different ECUs.The test bench developed not only has a relatively low cost,but also can be used to validate the wheel speed-related ECU design and all its fail-safe functions,and a rapid testing and proving platform with a high efficiency for research and development of the automotive ABS is therefore provided.

Realization of nonlinear PID with feed-forward controller for 3-DOF flight simulator and hardware-in-the-loop simulation

As friction, intrinsic steady-state nonlinearity poses a challenging dilemma to the control system of 3-DOF （three degree of freedom） flight simulator, a novel hybrid control strategy of nonlinear PID （proportionalintegral-derivative） with additional FFC （feed-forward controller） is proposed, and the hardware-in-the-loop simulation results are also given. Based on the description of 3-DOF flight simulator, a novel nonlinear PID theory is well introduced. Then a nonlinear PID controller with additional FFC is designed. Subsequently, the loop structure of 3-DOF flight simulator is also designed. Finally, a series of hardware-in-the-loop simulation experiments are undertaken to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed nonlinear PID controller with additional FFC for 3-DOF flight simulator.

Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation System for Space Manipulator Docking: Model,Stability and Experimental Evaluation

A manipulator-type docking hardware-in-the-loop(HIL)simulation system is proposed in this paper,with further development of the space docking technology and corresponding requirements of the engineering project.First,the structure of the manipulator-type HIL simulation system is explained.The mass and the flexibility of the manipulator has an important influence on the stability of the HIL system,which is the premise of accurately simulating actual space docking.Thus,the docking HIL simulation models of rigid,flexible and flexible-light space manipulators are established.The characteristics of the three HIL systems are studied from three important aspects:the system parameter configuration relation,the system stability condition and the dynamics frequency simulation ability.The key conclusions obtained were that the system satisfies stability or reproduction accuracy.Meanwhile,the influence of different manipulators on the system stability is further analyzed.The accuracy of the calculated results is verified experimentally.

SPACECRAFT DOCKING SIMULATION USING HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP SIMULATOR WITH STEWART PLATFORM

A ground-based hardware-in-the-loop （HIL） simulation system with hydraulically driven Stewart platform for spacecraft docking simulation is presented. The system is used for simulating docking process of the on-orbit spacecraft. Principle and structure of the six-degree-of-freedom simulation system are introduced. The docking process dynamic of the vehicles is modeled. Experiment results and mathematical simulation data are compared to validating the simulation system. The comparisons of the results prove that the simulation system proposed can effectively simulate the on-orbit docking process of the spacecraft.

Hardware-in-the-loop simulation of communication networks

To enhance the fidelity and accuracy of the simulation of communication networks,hardware-in-the-loop（HITL） simulation was employed.HITL simulation methods was classified into three categories,of which the merits and shortages were compared.Combing system-in-the-loop（SITL） simulation principle with high level architecture（HLA）,an HITL simulation model of asynchronous transfer mode（ATM） network was constructed.The throughput and end-to-end delay of all-digital simulation and HITL simulation was analyzed,which showed that HITL simulation was more reliable and effectively improved the simulation credibility of communication network.Meanwhile,HLA-SITL method was fast and easy to achieve and low-cost during design lifecycle.Thus,it was a feasible way to research and analyze the large-scale network.

Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation of Vibration Control of Stay Cables with Damper Based on dSPACE System

A simple and economical method based on dSPACE system is developed to measure the effect of cable vibration control.The experiments,numerical simulation and hardware-in-the-loop(HIL)simulation are carried out for the vibration control of stay cables with dampers.Firstly,the test results of solid cable vibration under harmonic excitation are compared with the numerical simulation results of cable vibration to ensure the correctness of the simulation of cable module.Then,the vibration test results of solid cable with damper under harmonic excitation are compared with the numerical simulation results of solid cable with damper to ensure the correctness of the relevant modules.Finally,the external load and the cable are imported into the real-time simulation system to simulate the control effect of the damper under the current excitation in real time.The results show that the simulation is correct and the HIL simulation is feasible in the bridge engineering.

New Solution on Distributed Hardware-in-the-Loop Radar System Simulation on HLA

In the large-scale distributed hardware-in-the-loop radar simulation system based on HLA, a new solution of processing after acquisition is proposed, which separates the software subsystem from the hardware jammer subsystem by a response database, so as to settle the problem, that the software subsystem can not meet the real-time need of the hardware, with very little increment of code. And the data completeness and feasibility of this solution are discussed.

基于车载以太网的HIL实时仿真测试平台的研究及应用

利用以太网配置工具生成同时支持CAN/CANFD通信和SOME/IP通信的Simulink模型服务接口,采用MATLAB软件创建HIL仿真模型,应用Python语言开发支持车载以太网DoIP诊断的上位机,并基于Dspace实时仿真平台搭建HIL实时仿真测试平台。结果表明:该平台可以模拟基本驾驶操作测试,同时支持CAN/CANFD通信和SOME/IP通信测试,并可以对车载以太网报文进行E2E校验;利用诊断上位机可以进行CAN/CANFD通信和DoIP通信的UDS诊断操作。

Hardware in Loop Simulation for Emergency Communication Mobile Ad Hoc Network

For the research of mobile Ad hoc network (MANET), hardware in the loop simulation (HILS) is introduced to improve simulation fidelity. The architectures and frameworks of HILS system are discussed. Based on HILS and QualNet network simulator, two kinds of simulation frameworks for MANET multicast emergency communication network are proposed. By running simulation under this configuration and doing experiments with on-demand multicast routing protocol (ODMRP), unicast and multicast functions of this protocol are tested. Research results indicate that HILS method can effectively reduce the difficulty of system modeling and improve precision of simulation, and can further accelerate transition from design to system deployment.

Design of an Integrated SITL and HITL Simulation System for the Control of a Loitering Aerial Vehicle

An investigation into the aircraft flight simulation and control system is presented in this paper. The study was firstly focused on the establishment of an integrated hardware-in-the-loop（HITL） platform for aircraft flight simulation based on MATLAB/Simulink ＋ dSPACE. The platform combines the abundant software and hardware resources of dSPACE simulation platform to simulate the flight attitude of an aircraft in six-DOF （ degree of freedom） motion. Based on the platform, the study was then focused on the flight numerical simulation by taking a loitering aerial vehicle as an example. An aircraft mathematical model was created for a modular design and off-line numerical simulation based on MATLAB/Simulink. Finally, the study was focused on the control system design of the loitering aerial vehicle and conduct of an HITL simulation experiment for the vehicle pitch control. The experiment verifies the system design and control effectiveness. Research results show that the dSPACE simulation system provides a real time good experimental platform to improve the efficiency of study and development of a flight control system.

基于Simulink与veDYNA联合仿真平台的AMT硬件在环试验研究

开发了包括测试系统硬件、AMT车辆实时仿真模型和试验管理软件的AMT硬件在环测试平台,构建了基于Simulink与veDYNA联合仿真平台的AMT人车路闭环系统实时仿真模型,进行AMT控制系统换挡性能硬件在环测试,并与AMT样车试验结果进行定性与定量对比分析。结果表明,硬件在环仿真试验结果与样车测试结果基本一致,具有较好的换挡品质,验证了所开发的硬件在环测试平台的可信性与准确性。

基于Simulink和RTX的导弹半实物仿真技术研究

针对导弹半实物仿真中的快速模型构建与实时仿真问题,给出了综合运用Simulink和RTX的解决方法。利用Simulink图形化建模环境构建导弹模型并进行数学仿真验证,通过Coder工具生成模型的C/C++代码,嵌入RTX环境下的RTSS实时进程,进行半实物仿真。应用结果表明,该方法可以实现导弹模型的快速开发和实时运行,满足半实物仿真实时性需求;同时还实现了数学仿真和半实物仿真的无缝对接,通过数学仿真预测半实物仿真试验结果,可以进一步优化试验方案,提高仿真试验效率。

大型智能化低速柴油机高压共轨系统HIL仿真试验平台设计与实现

在RT-Flex60C大型智能化低速柴油机的高压共轨系统、WECS控制系统和推进控制系统基础上,增加低压供油单元和压缩空气单元,结合自主开发的实时仿真单元和信号采集单元搭建了大型智能化柴油机高压共轨系统硬件在环仿真试验平台。试验结果表明:试验平台性能稳定可靠,能如实反映高压共轨系统在真实机器上的工作过程,以及可变喷油正时、可变排气门开启和可变排气门关闭的特点。为大型智能化低速柴油机高压共轨系统的特性分析、执行机构的性能验证以及控制系统的测试提供了试验平台。

星地链路雨衰信道动态特性的HIL仿真

为进一步研究自适应传输、功率控制和分集等毫米波频段星地链路的抗雨衰措施,提出了一种雨衰信道硬件在环路HIL(Hardware-in-the-loop)仿真系统的原理与实现方案。讨论了U.C.Fiebig等人提出的基于时间序列发生器原理的雨衰信道动态预测模型,设计并实现了基于MATLAB/SIMULINK软件与FPGA硬件相结合的雨衰信道硬件在环路实时仿真器。在此基础上,对不同降雨衰减条件下的MPSK/MQAM自适应调制抗雨衰措施及误码率性能进行了分析和比较,HIL仿真结果与理论上的预测分析是一致的。这种HIL雨衰信道仿真器可以用于检验卫星通信系统抗雨衰措施的有效性。

EPS机电耦合HIL台架联合仿真测试方法

为了满足EPS系统的性能和功能安全集成开发要求,建立EPS机电耦合HIL测试系统尤为重要。泛亚汽车整合MTS转向性能试验台和dSPACE实时仿真器,集成整车Carsim动力学模型,搭建了全新的EPS机电耦合HIL测试台架。基于该台架,对某项目EPS系统进行转向中心区(OC)操稳性能和轮速有效位故障模拟双移线(DLC)工况进行联合仿真HIL测试,获得了EPS系统OC工况性能客观试验数据和DLC轮速故障工况驾驶员避障峰值扭矩值,在没有物理样车的情况下对EPS系统性能集成和功能安全策略进行了提前测试验证。

基于Windows/RTX的实时仿测软件设计

针对传统测试软件实时性有限、传统仿真接口软件通用性程度低的问题,为满足半实物仿真软件需兼顾单元测试和控制系统仿真验证的需求,设计了基于Windows/RTX的实时仿测软件。仿测软件采用模块化的设计原则,开发了GUI层人机交互界面和RTX层实时运行程序。为保证实时性,采用无锁循环缓冲区+双线程技术,解决了RTX环境下仿真步长为1 ms时串口数据收发的超时问题;提出一种超时检测算法监测仿真节点的实时状态。借助cJSON优化了测试用例配置文件,用户可以更灵活地编辑测试用例,利用RTW自动代码生成将弹体模型编译集成到RTX仿测软件工程。实验结果表明:该仿测软件有效兼顾了单测与仿真,提高了仿测软件的通用性和二次开发效率,降低了开发难度。

无人机舵机HIL仿真方法研究

为简化编程及优化控制律,介绍了一种无人机舵机的H IL实时仿真方法。详细设计了系统硬件,构建了基于S imu link的舵机控制系统H IL仿真模型,可实时在线调整模型参数及监视仿真数据,实现了舵机的位置随动控制。实验结果表明,系统具有较好的实时性,能够较全面验证舵机控制软件的可靠性,加快了舵机及无人机的研制。