Background:Subjective measures of auditory development are equally important as objective measures to obtain a realistic image of the hearing status in infants and toddlers.Objectives:The objectives of the current stu...Background:Subjective measures of auditory development are equally important as objective measures to obtain a realistic image of the hearing status in infants and toddlers.Objectives:The objectives of the current study were to translate and validate the LittleEARS questionnaire into the Hindi language,to calculate its psychometric properties and establish a regression curve of the scores obtained as a function of age,to calculate the inter-test and test retest reliability of the same.The secondary objectives were to compare the scores obtained by the normal hearing children and those with hearing impairment and to plot a regression curve of total scores obtained by the hearing-impaired children as a function of the duration of auditory training attended since their first fit of the device.Materials and methods:The procedures involved conventional translation,reverse translation,and content validation before administering the questionnaire.The translated version was administered to parents of 59 children with normal hearing and 41 children with hearing impairment.Results:The finalized version had good reliability and efficient internal consistency with a Cronbach alpha value of 0.96.The mean scores obtained by the normal hearing children showed a progressive pattern as a function of age.Conclusion:The LittleEARS questionnaire has been successfully translated and validated into the Hindi language with excellent validity and reliability and can be used for screening and early identification of hearing impairment and in evaluating the outcome of audiological treatment approaches.展开更多
In today’s digital era,the text may be in form of images.This research aims to deal with the problem by recognizing such text and utilizing the support vector machine(SVM).A lot of work has been done on the English l...In today’s digital era,the text may be in form of images.This research aims to deal with the problem by recognizing such text and utilizing the support vector machine(SVM).A lot of work has been done on the English language for handwritten character recognition but very less work on the under-resourced Hindi language.A method is developed for identifying Hindi language characters that use morphology,edge detection,histograms of oriented gradients(HOG),and SVM classes for summary creation.SVM rank employs the summary to extract essential phrases based on paragraph position,phrase position,numerical data,inverted comma,sentence length,and keywords features.The primary goal of the SVM optimization function is to reduce the number of features by eliminating unnecessary and redundant features.The second goal is to maintain or improve the classification system’s performance.The experiment included news articles from various genres,such as Bollywood,politics,and sports.The proposed method’s accuracy for Hindi character recognition is 96.97%,which is good compared with baseline approaches,and system-generated summaries are compared to human summaries.The evaluated results show a precision of 72%at a compression ratio of 50%and a precision of 60%at a compression ratio of 25%,in comparison to state-of-the-art methods,this is a decent result.展开更多
This paper conducts a comparative analysis of negative polarity item“renhe”in Chinese and“koī”in Hindi.In the aspect of licensing conditions,it is found that both“renhe”and“koī”can be licensed by negative se...This paper conducts a comparative analysis of negative polarity item“renhe”in Chinese and“koī”in Hindi.In the aspect of licensing conditions,it is found that both“renhe”and“koī”can be licensed by negative sentences,yes-no interrogative sentences,A-not-A interrogative sentences,and the antecedent clause of a conditional.Both“renhe”in Chinese and“koī”in Hindi are strong negative polarity items(NPIs).NPI“renhe”can be focalized by adding“ye”or“dou”;in this case,the modified noun phrase is moved from the right to the left of the negative marker,reinforcing negative effect.NPI“koī”can also be focalized by adding a modal particle“hī”,but the modified noun phrase is not moved,with“koī(-bhī)…hī”collocation reinforcing negative effect.展开更多
Activities of Indians in the Gulf Cooperation Council(GCC)States continue to be a major area of attention by the government and citizens of the sub-region.The GCC States have had to contend with varied numbers of fore...Activities of Indians in the Gulf Cooperation Council(GCC)States continue to be a major area of attention by the government and citizens of the sub-region.The GCC States have had to contend with varied numbers of foreign nationals who continue to troop into their territories in search of economic opportunities.The United Arab Emirates(UAE),which is a federation of seven emirates,has over the years,been a major destination for foreigners.This article identifies various categories of Indian immigrants in the UAE,their areas of activities,and how they have impacted the vernacular of the citizens of the federal monarchical state.It begins by highlighting India-UAE relation prior to the independence of what is now the United Arab Emirates in 1971.Second,it describes the characterization of the relation between Indians and Emiratis after 1971.With some selected examples,the article reveals the impacts Hindi/Urdu languages have made on the vernacular of Emiratis.展开更多
Ko-sentence is a special type of sentence that occurs only in Hindi.Ko-sentences are similar to copula sentences in their surface form.However,the surface grammatical relations of ko-sentences are invariably opposite ...Ko-sentence is a special type of sentence that occurs only in Hindi.Ko-sentences are similar to copula sentences in their surface form.However,the surface grammatical relations of ko-sentences are invariably opposite to their underlying semantic relations,Ko-Sentences have their own distinctive features,which result from different ko-verbs and semantic categories.Ko-sentences can be classified into several types,expressing senses,feeings and habits,etc.展开更多
文摘Background:Subjective measures of auditory development are equally important as objective measures to obtain a realistic image of the hearing status in infants and toddlers.Objectives:The objectives of the current study were to translate and validate the LittleEARS questionnaire into the Hindi language,to calculate its psychometric properties and establish a regression curve of the scores obtained as a function of age,to calculate the inter-test and test retest reliability of the same.The secondary objectives were to compare the scores obtained by the normal hearing children and those with hearing impairment and to plot a regression curve of total scores obtained by the hearing-impaired children as a function of the duration of auditory training attended since their first fit of the device.Materials and methods:The procedures involved conventional translation,reverse translation,and content validation before administering the questionnaire.The translated version was administered to parents of 59 children with normal hearing and 41 children with hearing impairment.Results:The finalized version had good reliability and efficient internal consistency with a Cronbach alpha value of 0.96.The mean scores obtained by the normal hearing children showed a progressive pattern as a function of age.Conclusion:The LittleEARS questionnaire has been successfully translated and validated into the Hindi language with excellent validity and reliability and can be used for screening and early identification of hearing impairment and in evaluating the outcome of audiological treatment approaches.
文摘In today’s digital era,the text may be in form of images.This research aims to deal with the problem by recognizing such text and utilizing the support vector machine(SVM).A lot of work has been done on the English language for handwritten character recognition but very less work on the under-resourced Hindi language.A method is developed for identifying Hindi language characters that use morphology,edge detection,histograms of oriented gradients(HOG),and SVM classes for summary creation.SVM rank employs the summary to extract essential phrases based on paragraph position,phrase position,numerical data,inverted comma,sentence length,and keywords features.The primary goal of the SVM optimization function is to reduce the number of features by eliminating unnecessary and redundant features.The second goal is to maintain or improve the classification system’s performance.The experiment included news articles from various genres,such as Bollywood,politics,and sports.The proposed method’s accuracy for Hindi character recognition is 96.97%,which is good compared with baseline approaches,and system-generated summaries are compared to human summaries.The evaluated results show a precision of 72%at a compression ratio of 50%and a precision of 60%at a compression ratio of 25%,in comparison to state-of-the-art methods,this is a decent result.
文摘This paper conducts a comparative analysis of negative polarity item“renhe”in Chinese and“koī”in Hindi.In the aspect of licensing conditions,it is found that both“renhe”and“koī”can be licensed by negative sentences,yes-no interrogative sentences,A-not-A interrogative sentences,and the antecedent clause of a conditional.Both“renhe”in Chinese and“koī”in Hindi are strong negative polarity items(NPIs).NPI“renhe”can be focalized by adding“ye”or“dou”;in this case,the modified noun phrase is moved from the right to the left of the negative marker,reinforcing negative effect.NPI“koī”can also be focalized by adding a modal particle“hī”,but the modified noun phrase is not moved,with“koī(-bhī)…hī”collocation reinforcing negative effect.
文摘Activities of Indians in the Gulf Cooperation Council(GCC)States continue to be a major area of attention by the government and citizens of the sub-region.The GCC States have had to contend with varied numbers of foreign nationals who continue to troop into their territories in search of economic opportunities.The United Arab Emirates(UAE),which is a federation of seven emirates,has over the years,been a major destination for foreigners.This article identifies various categories of Indian immigrants in the UAE,their areas of activities,and how they have impacted the vernacular of the citizens of the federal monarchical state.It begins by highlighting India-UAE relation prior to the independence of what is now the United Arab Emirates in 1971.Second,it describes the characterization of the relation between Indians and Emiratis after 1971.With some selected examples,the article reveals the impacts Hindi/Urdu languages have made on the vernacular of Emiratis.
文摘Ko-sentence is a special type of sentence that occurs only in Hindi.Ko-sentences are similar to copula sentences in their surface form.However,the surface grammatical relations of ko-sentences are invariably opposite to their underlying semantic relations,Ko-Sentences have their own distinctive features,which result from different ko-verbs and semantic categories.Ko-sentences can be classified into several types,expressing senses,feeings and habits,etc.
