Severe cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions to anti-tuberculosis medication are rare and have been attributed mainly to thiacetazone. A case of streptomycin-induced Steven-Johnson Syndrome in a patient with TB-HIV co-...Severe cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions to anti-tuberculosis medication are rare and have been attributed mainly to thiacetazone. A case of streptomycin-induced Steven-Johnson Syndrome in a patient with TB-HIV co-infection which ended in death is reported.展开更多
Tumours of minor salivary glands are rare. We report the case of a 58-year-old HIV positive woman with a palatal adenocarcinoma evolving for 15 years, followed by a literature review. The case enlightens on the delete...Tumours of minor salivary glands are rare. We report the case of a 58-year-old HIV positive woman with a palatal adenocarcinoma evolving for 15 years, followed by a literature review. The case enlightens on the deleterious effect of delayed specialist consultation, which in our context is multifactorial in origin.展开更多
Humman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with opportunistic cancers notably Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Generally the response to chemotherapy or radiation therapy is satisfactory but requires nursi...Humman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with opportunistic cancers notably Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Generally the response to chemotherapy or radiation therapy is satisfactory but requires nursing measures to protect these patients from superinfection to which they are highly predisposed by the double immunosuppression. We report the case of a 54 year-old known HIV sero-positive female with lymphoma of the nasopharynx who presented lately and died of septic shock despite the favorable evolution of the tumor on treatment.展开更多
Anal cancer, especially squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) variety, is evolving with rising incidence globally. This is due to the increasing adoption of risky life styles and social habits even in populations with rare oc...Anal cancer, especially squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) variety, is evolving with rising incidence globally. This is due to the increasing adoption of risky life styles and social habits even in populations with rare occurrences previously. This case report aims to expose risk factors exhibited by a patient recently managed for anal cancer in our facility before his demise. Early exposure to bisexual orientation, receptive anal intercourse and multiple sexual partners, are notable high risk factors for the development of anal SCC. The permissive role of smoking, illicit drug and alcohol use enhances the disease occurrence. Acquisition of human immune-deficiency virus (HIV) sero-positive status further reduces the body’s immune competence and enhances early age of onset as well as accelerates development of anal SCC. Proper history exploring the risk factors, physical/anorectal examination and histological analysis, are vital for proper diagnosis and staging which guides appropriate treatment with chemo-radiation as mainstay.展开更多
Background: HIV infection results in depletion of immunocompetent cells such as CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cells. Trace elements such as Copper, Zinc and selenium are known to be involved in immune function. In rec...Background: HIV infection results in depletion of immunocompetent cells such as CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cells. Trace elements such as Copper, Zinc and selenium are known to be involved in immune function. In recent times, HIV-positive patients are treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART), with significant progress. This study was aimed at evaluating CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cells levels, serum Copper, Zinc and Selenium levels in HIV seropositive subjects on ART and ART naive subjects (HIV positive subjects that have not started ART treatment) in Rivers State, Nigeria. Methods: 150 subjects aged 20 to 79 years were recruited after informed consent. 70 subjects were HIV-positive on ART, 30 subjects were HIV-positive ART naïve subjects, while 50 subjects were apparently healthy subjects. Ten (10) milliliters of blood was collected using a standard venipuncture technique from each subject for the analysis of CD4 T-cells using BD fluorescent activated cell sorter (FACSC count), serum Copper and Zinc were analyzed colorimetrically using semi auto-analyzer WP 21E, while selenium was analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer ELICO, SL173. Data generated were analyzed using Graph-Pad Prism version 8.0.2 and p Result: This study revealed a significant reduction in mean zinc, selenium and CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell level respectively (p = 0.0006;0.0001;0.0001) in HIV-Positive subjects on ART and ART naive. There was also a significant increase in mean serum copper level in the HIV-positive subject as compared to control subjects (p = 0.0001). ART treatment improved the CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell count and serum levels of selenium and zinc;however, ART did not correct the imbalance. Furthermore, female subjects on ART have a significantly higher CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell count than the males (p Conclusion: Selenium and Zinc deficiency are associated with HIV disease despite the role of ART hence micronutrient supplementation is advised for HIV-positive subjects on ART.展开更多
Several researchers have investigated the association of numerous opportunistic pathogens with HIV, little is documented on its association with T. gondii in our environment. We investigated the prevalence of T. gondi...Several researchers have investigated the association of numerous opportunistic pathogens with HIV, little is documented on its association with T. gondii in our environment. We investigated the prevalence of T. gondii immunoglobulins G and M （IgG and IgM） in HIV positive individuals in relation to their cluster of differentiation 4 （CD4） cells count. IgG, IgM and CD4 were assayed using enzyme immunoassay （EIA） and flowcytometry respectively. 341 HIV positive individuals were studied in the present research, 30 （8.7%） of them had T. gondii IgG and IgM, 297 subjects had CD4 cells count a range of 200-400 cells/μL, 27 （9.7%） and 2 （0.6%） of which had T. gondii IgG and IgM respectively. Of the 44 HIV positive subjects with CD4 〉 400 cells/μL, one （2.2%） was positive for T. gondii IgG. In the control group, all the 177 had CD4 〉 400 cells/μL of which, one （0.5%） had T. gondii IgG. The prevalence of T. gondii infection was significantly higher in HIV positive individuals than in controls （P 〈 0.05）. Male subjects in the age bracket 18-30 years had significantly higher prevalence when compared to other groups （P 〈 0.05）. Although the present findings revealed a low prevalence of T. gondii antibodies in HIV infection, this suggests that a differential toxoplasmosis diagnosis is also necessary in cases of encephalitis in HIV infection.展开更多
文摘Severe cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions to anti-tuberculosis medication are rare and have been attributed mainly to thiacetazone. A case of streptomycin-induced Steven-Johnson Syndrome in a patient with TB-HIV co-infection which ended in death is reported.
文摘Tumours of minor salivary glands are rare. We report the case of a 58-year-old HIV positive woman with a palatal adenocarcinoma evolving for 15 years, followed by a literature review. The case enlightens on the deleterious effect of delayed specialist consultation, which in our context is multifactorial in origin.
文摘Humman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with opportunistic cancers notably Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Generally the response to chemotherapy or radiation therapy is satisfactory but requires nursing measures to protect these patients from superinfection to which they are highly predisposed by the double immunosuppression. We report the case of a 54 year-old known HIV sero-positive female with lymphoma of the nasopharynx who presented lately and died of septic shock despite the favorable evolution of the tumor on treatment.
文摘Anal cancer, especially squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) variety, is evolving with rising incidence globally. This is due to the increasing adoption of risky life styles and social habits even in populations with rare occurrences previously. This case report aims to expose risk factors exhibited by a patient recently managed for anal cancer in our facility before his demise. Early exposure to bisexual orientation, receptive anal intercourse and multiple sexual partners, are notable high risk factors for the development of anal SCC. The permissive role of smoking, illicit drug and alcohol use enhances the disease occurrence. Acquisition of human immune-deficiency virus (HIV) sero-positive status further reduces the body’s immune competence and enhances early age of onset as well as accelerates development of anal SCC. Proper history exploring the risk factors, physical/anorectal examination and histological analysis, are vital for proper diagnosis and staging which guides appropriate treatment with chemo-radiation as mainstay.
文摘Background: HIV infection results in depletion of immunocompetent cells such as CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cells. Trace elements such as Copper, Zinc and selenium are known to be involved in immune function. In recent times, HIV-positive patients are treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART), with significant progress. This study was aimed at evaluating CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cells levels, serum Copper, Zinc and Selenium levels in HIV seropositive subjects on ART and ART naive subjects (HIV positive subjects that have not started ART treatment) in Rivers State, Nigeria. Methods: 150 subjects aged 20 to 79 years were recruited after informed consent. 70 subjects were HIV-positive on ART, 30 subjects were HIV-positive ART naïve subjects, while 50 subjects were apparently healthy subjects. Ten (10) milliliters of blood was collected using a standard venipuncture technique from each subject for the analysis of CD4 T-cells using BD fluorescent activated cell sorter (FACSC count), serum Copper and Zinc were analyzed colorimetrically using semi auto-analyzer WP 21E, while selenium was analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer ELICO, SL173. Data generated were analyzed using Graph-Pad Prism version 8.0.2 and p Result: This study revealed a significant reduction in mean zinc, selenium and CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell level respectively (p = 0.0006;0.0001;0.0001) in HIV-Positive subjects on ART and ART naive. There was also a significant increase in mean serum copper level in the HIV-positive subject as compared to control subjects (p = 0.0001). ART treatment improved the CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell count and serum levels of selenium and zinc;however, ART did not correct the imbalance. Furthermore, female subjects on ART have a significantly higher CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell count than the males (p Conclusion: Selenium and Zinc deficiency are associated with HIV disease despite the role of ART hence micronutrient supplementation is advised for HIV-positive subjects on ART.
文摘Several researchers have investigated the association of numerous opportunistic pathogens with HIV, little is documented on its association with T. gondii in our environment. We investigated the prevalence of T. gondii immunoglobulins G and M （IgG and IgM） in HIV positive individuals in relation to their cluster of differentiation 4 （CD4） cells count. IgG, IgM and CD4 were assayed using enzyme immunoassay （EIA） and flowcytometry respectively. 341 HIV positive individuals were studied in the present research, 30 （8.7%） of them had T. gondii IgG and IgM, 297 subjects had CD4 cells count a range of 200-400 cells/μL, 27 （9.7%） and 2 （0.6%） of which had T. gondii IgG and IgM respectively. Of the 44 HIV positive subjects with CD4 〉 400 cells/μL, one （2.2%） was positive for T. gondii IgG. In the control group, all the 177 had CD4 〉 400 cells/μL of which, one （0.5%） had T. gondii IgG. The prevalence of T. gondii infection was significantly higher in HIV positive individuals than in controls （P 〈 0.05）. Male subjects in the age bracket 18-30 years had significantly higher prevalence when compared to other groups （P 〈 0.05）. Although the present findings revealed a low prevalence of T. gondii antibodies in HIV infection, this suggests that a differential toxoplasmosis diagnosis is also necessary in cases of encephalitis in HIV infection.
