Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is caused by Human Immunodeficiency Viruses (HIV) resulting in progressive destruction of cell mediated immunity. The abdominal manifestations of AIDS are related to the level...Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is caused by Human Immunodeficiency Viruses (HIV) resulting in progressive destruction of cell mediated immunity. The abdominal manifestations of AIDS are related to the level of CD+4 cells count as well as viral load. Abdominal ultrasound examination is easy to perform, non-invasive, inexpensive, readily available and reproducible investigation which provides valuable information about abdominal findings in AIDS. The objective of the study was to evaluate abdominal ultrasound findings in adult HIV/AIDS patients in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria and correlate these findings with the patients’ CD+4 counts. A cross-sectional study of abdominal ultrasound findings of adult patients with HIV/AIDS was conducted over a period of six months. The abdominal ultrasound findings and CD+4 counts were studied. Two hundred (40%) of the patients had normal abdominal ultrasound, while 60% (300) had various abnormalities. The common abnormalities included increased liver parenchymal echogenicity in 25.0%, hepatomegaly in 23.4%, splenomegaly in 6.6%, increased splenic echogenicity in 6.2% and thickened gallbladder wall in 12.6%, elevated renal parenchymal echogenicity in 6.4%, enlarged kidneys in 2.6%, lymphadenopathy in 6.0%, and ascites in 2.4%. Pelvic abscess was the least pathology in 0.2%. Most of the findings did not correlate with the patients’ CD+4?count except for lymphadenopathy and ascites. Although abdominal ultrasound examination is invaluable in the management of these patients, however, it has not shown to be useful in predicting the patients’ immune status.展开更多
Objective:To determine the causes of death among human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS) patients as a step to planning strategies to improve mortality from this condition.Methods:Thi...Objective:To determine the causes of death among human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS) patients as a step to planning strategies to improve mortality from this condition.Methods:This study retrospectively analyzed the mortality pattern of adult HIV/AIDS patients in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital from January 2005 to December 2007.The data were obtained from sexually transmitted infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(STI/AIDS) clinic register,admissions and discharge/death registers as well as the patients’ case records and the hospitals monthly mortality reviews.Information obtained included age,sex,diagnosis and cause(s) of death.The causes of death considered were the direct causes of death,since the originating antecedent cause of death is the same in all the patients,in this case,HIV/AIDS.Data was analysed using Epi Info 2002.Results:The total number of mortalities during the study period was 350,100 were HIV positive representing 28.6%of all deaths.While advanced HIV/AIDS disease was the leading cause of death in our study representing 27.0%,tuberculosis was the single leading cause of deaths in HIV/AIDS patients constituting about 24.0%of deaths.This was followed by sepsis and septicaemia(13.0%), meningitis and encephalitis,and anaemia accounting for 11.0%,while respiratory diseases constituted 5.0%of the mortality burden.The highest number of deaths occurred in those aged between 21-50 years(82.0%).Conclusions:The study has shown that HIV/AIDS is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in our hospital.The causes of death reflect the varied spectrum of infection and other forms of organ involvement that affect HIV/AIDS patients.The present dismal situation of adult patients living with HIV/AIDS calls for enhanced strategies to decrease the mortality trend observed in Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa.展开更多
Background: Many older adults (50 - 64 years) in Botswana with HIV do not know they are infected with TB. Some with TB disease are unaware of their HIV status, yet HIV/TB coinfection is high. The study aims to determi...Background: Many older adults (50 - 64 years) in Botswana with HIV do not know they are infected with TB. Some with TB disease are unaware of their HIV status, yet HIV/TB coinfection is high. The study aims to determine the prevalence of TB among older adults with HIV, their HIV/AIDS knowledge and vulnerability to hypertension, diabetes and asthma using the 2013 BAIS IV data. Material and Methods: The BAIS IV study, from which the data for this article is derived, used a stratified two-stage probability sampling design. The first stage was the selection of 297 Enumeration Areas (EAs) as Primary Sampling Units and second stage was selection of households (5,415) in the EAs. The study targeted all usual members of the selected households aged 6 weeks and above for the Biomarker or testing for HIV and those aged 10 - 64 years old for the behavioral questionnaire. Results: The study shows that the older adults (50 - 64 years) with TB have a low level of education and HIV prevalence is very high (44% for age 50 - 54, 40.6% for age 55 - 59 and 68.4% for age 60 - 64 years). The rate of HIV/TB coinfection, 21.9%, is high and prevalence of TB among the older adults is 8.6% (13%, males and 5.3%, females) while only 0.8% are currently on treatment. Only 67.2% know that if a pregnant mother is infected with HIV, there is a way of preventing transmission of the virus to the child. Age, level of education, marital status and employment status significantly (p Conclusion: The study concludes that lower education seems to be an obstacle to accessing TB treatment. Therefore, older adults’ awareness and knowledge of the symptoms of both diseases (TB and HIV), mode of infection and treatment need to adequately improve through increased education to overcome health challenges when infected with asthma, diabetes and high blood pressure/hypertension.展开更多
文摘Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is caused by Human Immunodeficiency Viruses (HIV) resulting in progressive destruction of cell mediated immunity. The abdominal manifestations of AIDS are related to the level of CD+4 cells count as well as viral load. Abdominal ultrasound examination is easy to perform, non-invasive, inexpensive, readily available and reproducible investigation which provides valuable information about abdominal findings in AIDS. The objective of the study was to evaluate abdominal ultrasound findings in adult HIV/AIDS patients in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria and correlate these findings with the patients’ CD+4 counts. A cross-sectional study of abdominal ultrasound findings of adult patients with HIV/AIDS was conducted over a period of six months. The abdominal ultrasound findings and CD+4 counts were studied. Two hundred (40%) of the patients had normal abdominal ultrasound, while 60% (300) had various abnormalities. The common abnormalities included increased liver parenchymal echogenicity in 25.0%, hepatomegaly in 23.4%, splenomegaly in 6.6%, increased splenic echogenicity in 6.2% and thickened gallbladder wall in 12.6%, elevated renal parenchymal echogenicity in 6.4%, enlarged kidneys in 2.6%, lymphadenopathy in 6.0%, and ascites in 2.4%. Pelvic abscess was the least pathology in 0.2%. Most of the findings did not correlate with the patients’ CD+4?count except for lymphadenopathy and ascites. Although abdominal ultrasound examination is invaluable in the management of these patients, however, it has not shown to be useful in predicting the patients’ immune status.
文摘Objective:To determine the causes of death among human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS) patients as a step to planning strategies to improve mortality from this condition.Methods:This study retrospectively analyzed the mortality pattern of adult HIV/AIDS patients in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital from January 2005 to December 2007.The data were obtained from sexually transmitted infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(STI/AIDS) clinic register,admissions and discharge/death registers as well as the patients’ case records and the hospitals monthly mortality reviews.Information obtained included age,sex,diagnosis and cause(s) of death.The causes of death considered were the direct causes of death,since the originating antecedent cause of death is the same in all the patients,in this case,HIV/AIDS.Data was analysed using Epi Info 2002.Results:The total number of mortalities during the study period was 350,100 were HIV positive representing 28.6%of all deaths.While advanced HIV/AIDS disease was the leading cause of death in our study representing 27.0%,tuberculosis was the single leading cause of deaths in HIV/AIDS patients constituting about 24.0%of deaths.This was followed by sepsis and septicaemia(13.0%), meningitis and encephalitis,and anaemia accounting for 11.0%,while respiratory diseases constituted 5.0%of the mortality burden.The highest number of deaths occurred in those aged between 21-50 years(82.0%).Conclusions:The study has shown that HIV/AIDS is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in our hospital.The causes of death reflect the varied spectrum of infection and other forms of organ involvement that affect HIV/AIDS patients.The present dismal situation of adult patients living with HIV/AIDS calls for enhanced strategies to decrease the mortality trend observed in Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa.
文摘Background: Many older adults (50 - 64 years) in Botswana with HIV do not know they are infected with TB. Some with TB disease are unaware of their HIV status, yet HIV/TB coinfection is high. The study aims to determine the prevalence of TB among older adults with HIV, their HIV/AIDS knowledge and vulnerability to hypertension, diabetes and asthma using the 2013 BAIS IV data. Material and Methods: The BAIS IV study, from which the data for this article is derived, used a stratified two-stage probability sampling design. The first stage was the selection of 297 Enumeration Areas (EAs) as Primary Sampling Units and second stage was selection of households (5,415) in the EAs. The study targeted all usual members of the selected households aged 6 weeks and above for the Biomarker or testing for HIV and those aged 10 - 64 years old for the behavioral questionnaire. Results: The study shows that the older adults (50 - 64 years) with TB have a low level of education and HIV prevalence is very high (44% for age 50 - 54, 40.6% for age 55 - 59 and 68.4% for age 60 - 64 years). The rate of HIV/TB coinfection, 21.9%, is high and prevalence of TB among the older adults is 8.6% (13%, males and 5.3%, females) while only 0.8% are currently on treatment. Only 67.2% know that if a pregnant mother is infected with HIV, there is a way of preventing transmission of the virus to the child. Age, level of education, marital status and employment status significantly (p Conclusion: The study concludes that lower education seems to be an obstacle to accessing TB treatment. Therefore, older adults’ awareness and knowledge of the symptoms of both diseases (TB and HIV), mode of infection and treatment need to adequately improve through increased education to overcome health challenges when infected with asthma, diabetes and high blood pressure/hypertension.
