Investigation and Analysis on Pathogen Distribution of HIV/AIDS Patients with Opportunistic Infection

Objective: This study aims to understand the distribution of pathogenic bacteria in the region of HIV/AIDS patients with opportunistic infection. Methods: To count the number of the bacterial culture of HIV/AIDS patients in our hospital from October 2011 to December 2014, and observe the distribution of all kinds of pathogenic bacteria. Results: From the 4269 cases of HIV/AIDS patients’ bacteria, 5045 cases were cultured whose main flora distribution wasCandida albicans, 1759 cases. The second one was penicillium, 982 cases. The third one was mycobacteria, 557 cases. And then there are 213 cases ofCryptococcus neoformans, 212 cases of?Klebsiella pneumonia, 209 cases of?E. coli, 157 cases of coagulase-negative staphylococci, 112 cases of?Candida tropicalis, 90 cases of glabrata, 81 cases of?Staphylococcus aureus, 75 cases of?Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 60 cases of Salmonella, 48 cases of Acinetobacter and the distribution of the rest of cultured bacterial was less than 40 cases. Conclusion: There are many kinds of types of Pathogenic bacteria in HIV/AIDS patients with the opportunity to infectious. And the majorities are?Candida albicans,?Penicillium marneffei,?Penicillium,?Mycobacterium,?Cryptococcus neoformans?and so on. The infection sites are widely distributed;respiratory and circulatory are the main infected system. Improving the detection rate and reducing the contamination rate can truly reflect the distribution of pathogenic bacteria, and the distribution can guide the infection work in hospital. At the same time, it’s good to predict and prevent opportunistic infection. Thus, the patients can get immediate treatment.

The Role of Library and Information Science Education in the Development of Community Health Information Services for People Living with HIV/AIDS: Perspectives of Directors and Managers of Public Libraries

This article identifies the role of library and information science (LIS) education in the development of community health information services for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Preliminary findings are presented from semi- structured qualitative interviews that were conducted with eleven directors and managers of local branches in the Knox County Public Library (KCPL) System that is located in the East Tennessee region in the United States. Select feedback reported by research participants is summarized in the article about strategies in LIS education that can help local public librarians and others in their efforts to become more responsive information providers to PLWHA. Research findings help better understand the issues and concerns regarding the development of digital and non-digital health information services for PLWHA in local public library institutions.

Interferon γ in patients with HIV/AIDS and suspicion or latent tuberculosis infection

Objective:To assess the usefulness of IGRA test(QuantiFERON? -Cell mediated immune) compared with the tuberculin skin test.Methods:A cross-sectional study was carried out in Mexico,25 infected patients with HIV-AIDS and the suspicion or with latent tuberculous infection （LTBI） who were】18 years of age and without treatment for tuberculosis（TB）,were enrolled in the study.Results:Median cluster of differentiation（CD4） count was 364 cells/μL and median HIV viral load was 50 copies/mL.Overall,20 patients（80%） had at least one positive diagnostic test for LTBI:four（16%） had a positive tuberculin skin test and 19（76%）,a positive QuantiFERON ? -tuberculosis.Conclusions:No agreement is found between the two diagnostic tests:k = -0.004,95%confidence interval（-0.2219,0.2210）.Additional longitudinal studies among HIV-infected populations with high prevalence of TB are needed to further assess the usefulness of IGRAs in this patient population.

Characterization of Candida Species Isolated from Cases of Lower Respiratory Tract Infection among HIV/AIDS Patients in Calabar, Nigeria

This study was designed to identify and characterize the Candida species isolated from lower respiratory tract infections among HIV positive patients and to determine the prevalence rates of Candida infections among these subjects. Two early morning expectorate sputum samples were collected from 272 HIV positive subjects visiting the ART clinics and DOTS centre with cases of lower respiratory tract infection, over a period of 14 months from May 2009 to July 2010 in Calabar. Subjects were recruited for this study upon approval by the Ethical Research Committee of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital and obtaining written informed consent from the patients. Samples were processed by standard methods for isolation of Candida. Speciation was done by a germ tube test, chlamydospore production on corn meal agar and sugar fermentation and assimilation tests using the Microexpress Candida identification kit (Tulip, India). Out of the 544 sputum samples collected from 272 subjects, Candida species were isolated from 40 (14.7%) and identified after confirming the growth in the second sample. The majority of Candida species among the Candida isolates were Candida albicans (80%) followed by Candida tropicalis 5 (12.5%), Candida dubliniensis 2 (5.0%) and Candida guilliermondii 1 (2.5%). The isolation rate of Candida species from sputum samples was found to be highest among subjects aged 25 - 34 years, followed by those aged 15 - 24 years. Twenty (7.3%) HIV seropositive subjects had bacterial infections, while 4 (1.5%) subjects had mixed fungal and bacterial infections. This study is the first of its kind to be carried out in Calabar and the South-South geopolitical region of Nigeria, and has shown that pulmonary candidiasis is a health problem among HIV positive patients in Calabar.

Robust Model-Free Software Sensors for the HIV/AIDS Infection Process

This paper considers the problem of the HIV/AIDS Infection Process filtering characterized by three compounds, namely, the number of healthy T-cells, the number of infected T-cells and free virus particles. Only the first and third of them can be measurable during the medical treatment process. Moreover, the exact parameter values are admitted to be also unknown. So, here we deal with an uncertain dynamic model that excludes the application of classical filtering theory and requires the application of robust filters successfully working in the absence of a complete mathematical model of the considered process. The problem is to estimate the number of infected T-cells based on the available information. Here we admit the presence of stochastic “white noise” in current observations. To do that we apply the Luenberger-like filter (software sensor) with a matrix gain, which should be adjusted at the beginning of the process in such a way that the filtering error would be as less as possible using the Attractive Ellipsoid Method (AEM). It is shown that the corresponding trajectories of the filtering error converge to an ellipsoidal set of a prespecified form in mean-square sense. To generate the experimental data sequences in the test-simulation example, we have used the well-known simplified HIV/ AIDS model. The obtained results confirm the effectiveness of the suggested approach.

Cross-Sectional Study of Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS Co-Infections among Patients Attending Directly Observed Treatment Centers in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Introduction: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) infects about one quarter of the global population and is transmitted via aerosols by coughing, sneezing, etc. Some socio-behavioral factors may predispose an individual to the disease. Methodology: The study used a cross-sectional design with random stratified sampling technique. Sputum samples from suspected TB patients totaling 600 were obtained from patients attending directly observed treatment (DOTs) centers from different local government areas in Bayelsa. The sputum samples were examined for tuberculosis using the Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique and Gene Xpert molecular method while HIV/AIDS tests were carried out with EDTA blood using the Alere HIV12 test kit and others. Results: The Prevalence of TB by Gene Xpert was 294 (49.0%) and by AFB 217 (36.1%), while TB/HIV co-infection was 94 (32.0%), RRMTB was 34 (11.9%) and HIV 249 (41.5%). Prevalence by age group showed the 20 - 39 years had the highest prevalence of TB 98 (47.0%), TB/HIV 35 (47.0%), RRMTB 17 (48.0%) and HIV 90 (57.0%). By gender the male had slightly higher prevalence of TB 109 (52.0%), TB/HIV 51 (54.0%), RRMTB 20 (56.0%) and HIV 126 (51.0%) than the female. Prevalence among smokers and alcoholics and subjects who engaged in both habits had high prevalence TB 109 (37.0%), TB/HIV 14 (40.0%), RRMTB 14 (40.0%) and HIV 72 (29.0%). For educational status those with tertiary and secondary education had similar high prevalence and for occupation, the self-employed and civil servants had similar elevated prevalence. The prevalence by local government area showed that Yenegoa had the highest with TB 235 (80.0%), TB/HIV 72 (76.6%), RRMTB 24 (68.5%) and HIV 202 (81.2%). Conclusion: An increase in the development of resistance by M. tuberculosis also contributes to the persistence of the disease as well as some socio-economic factors.

Socio-Demographic and Occupational Aspects of HIV-HBV Co-Infection in Bangui, Central African Republic (CAR): Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: HIV-HBV co-infection is a major public health problem that has not been sufficiently explored in the Central African workplace. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of HIV-HBV co-infection among people who living with HIV (PLHIV) in the infectious and tropical diseases department of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de lAmiti Sino-Centrafricaine in Bangui. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2021 in the Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department at the Amiti Sino-Centrafricaine University Hospital. It included the files of all PLHIV, which included the results of HBV serology. A standardized form was used to collect socio-demographic and professional data by documentary review. Data was analysed using Epi-Info 7 software. Means, proportions were calculated as well as Chi square witch was significant if p-value was below 0.05. Results: The study included 265 patients, 188 were women (70.1%) and 77 men (29.1%), giving a sex ratio of 0.45. Mean age was 35.8 years, higher in men (40 years) than in women (35.8 years) (p 0.0001). The age groups 25 to 34 (37.7%) and 35 to 44 (33.6%) were in the majority (71.3%). The majority of PLHIV were unemployed (57.1%), including housewives (43.0%). HBV prevalence was 14.3%, including 7.2% among the unemployed, who account for half of all co-infections. The search for associations between HIV-HBV co-infection and all socio-demographic characteristics (age, sex, marital status) and socio-professional categories showed no significant difference (p 0.05). Conclusion: PLHIV were predominantly young adults, female, and unemployed;no occupation was significantly associated with co-infection. The vast majority of co-infected people were not covered by the occupational health system (unemployed or informal sector). Urgent action is needed to improve workers access to occupational medicine in CAR.

影响HIV感染者/AIDS患者心理健康状况的相关因素及护理干预措施研究

目的:分析影响人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)患者心理健康状况的相关因素,探讨用于HIV感染者/AIDS患者的护理干预方案。方法:依据入院时间将本院收治的120例HIV感染者/AIDS患者分成对照组和观察组各60例,对照组采用常规护理干预,观察组应用心理护理干预;收集患者基线资料并进行心理健康状况影响因素分析;运用抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、简化Berger艾滋病耻辱量表(BHSS)和社会支持评定量表(SSS)对患者进行心理健康状况评估并比较两组护理干预效果。结果:年龄大于50岁、家庭年收入小于5万元、已婚和病程在10年以上是影响HIV感染者/AIDS患者的高危因素(P<0.05);护理干预后,观察组患者的SAS、SDS、BHSS分数更低,SSS更高(P<0.05)。结论:影响HIV感染者/AIDS患者心理健康的因素较为多样化,及时干预避免抑郁情绪有利于提高患者的生活质量,促使其恢复正常生活。

Infections and inequalities: anemia in AIDS, the disadvantages of poverty

Objective:To study anemia in AIDS patients and its relation with socioeconomic, employment status and educational levels.Methods:A total number of 442 patients who visited the Infectious Diseases University Hospital in Buenos Aires, Argentina were included in the study. Patients were dividied into two groups,i.e.one with anemia and the other without anemia. Anemia epidemiology and its relationship with educational level, housing, job situation, monthly income, total daily caloric intake and weekly intake of meat were evaluated.Results:Anemia was found in 228 patients(54%). Comparing patients with or without anemia, a statistically significant difference was found(P<0.0001) in those whose highest educational level reached was primary school, who lived in a precarious home, who had no stable job or were unable to work, whose income was less than 30 dollars per month, whose meat consumption was less than twice a week or received less than 8000 calories per day.Conclusions:The high prevalence of anemia found in poor patients with AIDS suggests that poverty increases the risk to suffer from this hematological complication.The relationship between economic development policies and AIDS is complex. Our results seem to point to the fact that AIDS epidemic may affect economic development and in turn be affected by it. If we consider that AIDS affects the economically active adult population, despite recent medical progress it usually brings about fatal consequences, especially within the poorest sectors of society where the disease reduces the average life expectancy, increases health care demand and tends to exacerbate poverty and iniquity.

Optimal Control of an HIV/AIDS Epidemic Model with Infective Immigration and Behavioral Change

In order to find out the effect of human (sexual) behavior change and immigration in spreading the HIV/AIDS, a deterministic model of HIV/AIDS with infective immigration is formulated. First, basic properties of the model, including non-negativity and boundedness of the solutions, existence of the endemic equilibrium and the basic reproduction number, R0 are analyzed. The geometrical approach is used to obtain the global asymptotic stability of endemic equilibrium. Then the basic model is extended to include several control efforts aimed at reducing infection and changing behavior. Pontryagin’s maximum principle is used to derive the optimality system and solve the system numerically. Our numerical findings are illustrated through simulations using MATLAB, which shows reliability of our model from the practical point of view.

Etiologic Aspects of Epileptic Seizures of Recent Onset in HIV-AIDS Infected Subjects at the Yaounde Central Hospital (Cameroon)

Introduction: Patients infected with HIV usually develop neurological complications. Seizures are amongst clinical manifestation of these neurological complications of HIV infection. We report on 150 HIV positive patients who presented with newly onset seizures. Objectives: Our objective was to evaluate the influence of HIV infection on epilepsy and particularly to look for the most common epilepsy induced complications in our context. Methodology: We recruited all patients infected with HIV and who consulted at the outpatient or admitted in the in the neurology unit of the Yaounde Central Hospital, for seizures from August 1st 2008 to December 31st 2009. All the patients were aged above 18 years, black and of Cameroonian nationality. All those who had a family history of epilepsy, as well as those with a personal history of epilepsy were excluded from the study. Results: During the period of study, we recruited 150 patients aged 38.7 ± 9.9 years and with an M/F sex ratio of 0.76. Generalized seizures were observed in 66% of patients, of whom 58% were HIV 1 positive and an average CD4 count of 65.4 ± 11.7/μl. Cerebral toxoplasmosis was the most common etiology observed in 30% of cases. Discussion: This study being hospital based must have selected the most serious patient with severe immunodeficiency. This can explain why a precise etiology was found in the majority of cases. Modi et al. (1999) found a space occupying lesion in 53%, meningitis in 22% and 25% without identifiable etiology in black South Africans. Central nervous system tuberculosis was the most frequent cause encountered in 64% of patients with etiologies. Conclusion: Seizures are one of the principal manifestations of HIV infection or its complications. Their prevalence is 9.5% in our study. Cerebral toxoplasmosis is the most frequent etiology in our study, followed by cryptococcal meningitis and tuberculous meningitis.

HIV/AIDS与口腔白色念珠菌病

目的 :研究白色念珠菌病 (白念病 )在艾滋病 (AIDS)中的发病机制和临床表现 ,提高临床医师对该病的警惕性。方法 :对 2 0例HIV AIDS患者进行系统体检 ,重点观察口腔病损情况 ,并行刮片检查和真菌培养。结果 :全身症状主要为间断咳嗽、长期腹泻、低热、肝脾肿大、进行性体重减轻。 18例发生严重的口腔白念病 ,1例伴消化道白念菌感染。结论 :HIV感染导致免疫功能低下 ,易引起真菌、细菌、病毒等机会性感染 ,口腔白念病常被认为是HIV感染的先兆症状 ,也易合并或继发于其它病损 (如毛状白斑、卡波济肉瘤及口腔溃疡 ) ,对其早期诊治 ,可防止感染向口咽、食道。

HIV/AIDS慢性腹泻患者149例隐孢子虫感染分析

目的分析HIV/AIDS慢性腹泻患者中隐孢子虫感染情况、感染因素及流行特点,为防治隐孢子虫在AIDS患者中的感染提供依据。方法从河南省上蔡县收集AIDS慢性腹泻患者粪便标本149份,采用甲醛-乙酸乙酰沉淀法对患者粪便标本进行集卵,用改良抗酸染色法进行染色检测隐孢子虫卵囊。同时检测患者血液中CD4+T细胞计数。结果 149例HIV/AIDS慢性腹泻患者的粪便标本中24例为隐孢子虫阳性,感染率为16.11%。男性与女性患者及各年龄组感染率比较差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05);HIV/AIDS患者处于HIV无症状期、有症状期和HIV/AIDS期的隐孢子虫感染率分别为0(0/7),25.81%(16/62)和9.88%(8/81),其差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);患者CD4+T细胞水平在<200cells/μL,201～499cells/μL和>500cells/μL的隐孢子虫感染率分别为22.00%(11/50),13.68%(13/95)和0(0/21),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 HIV/AIDS慢性腹泻患者中存在着隐孢子虫感染,中晚期患者随着病情的进展,特别是随着CD4+T淋巴细胞水平的降低,感染的危险性明显增高。

广东地区HIV/AIDS患者机会性感染特点与CD_4^+之间的关系

目的分析广东地区HIV/AIDS患者机会性感染发生的特点与CD4细胞之间的关系。方法2004+年1月至2006年2月在我院住院的326例HIV/AIDS患者,对其中312例进行CD4分析。结果机会性感染率+为94.17%,以肺部感染、口腔念珠菌感染、各种感染性腹泻、皮肤感染和败血症为主。312例患者中,CD4>350+个/μ18例(5.77%),CD4在200～350个/μl之间34例(10.89%);CD4<200个/μl260例(83.33%),其中CD4在+++100～199个/μl和50～99个/μl之间时均为47例(各15.06%),CD4<50个/μl166例(53.2%)。312例患者中共+发生669例机会性感染,CD4>350个/μl时,发生机会性感染13例(4.17%)。200～350个/μl共发生机会性感染+30例(9.61%)。CD4<200个/μl时,共发生机会性感染251例(80.44%),CD4在100～199个/μl和50～99个/μl++之间时均发生机会性感染44例(各14.1%),CD4<50个/μl发生机会性感染163例(52.24%)。机会性感染率在+CD4大于350与小于50个/μl时比较,有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论机会性感染:随着CD4水平的降低,机会++性感染的发生率增加,多部位感染增多,病情亦愈加凶险。各种细菌、真菌、原虫、病毒感染可同时出现,并累及多器官、多部位。

河南、山西2164例经血传播HIV/AIDS患者的皮肤表现分析

目的:观察和统计经血感染HIV/AIDS患者各种皮肤病的发生率。方法:通过回顾性分析,对河南、山西两地2164例经单采血浆或输血传播的HIV/AIDS住院和门诊患者皮肤病的发病情况进行总结,用流式细胞仪测定CD4+T细胞计数,并将CD4+T细胞计数和皮炎湿疹类疾病及念珠菌感染等进行相关性分析。结果:这一人群中皮肤病的发病率高达90%以上,最常见为皮炎湿疹类皮肤病,其次为口腔念珠菌感染和浅部真菌病。结论:HIV感染/AIDS患者皮肤病高发,河南、山西两地经血传播HIV人群中以皮炎湿疹类皮肤病及真菌感染最为多见。

HIV感染者/AIDS病人心理状况及生活质量调查

目的 了解 HIV感染者 /AIDS病人的心理状况、生活质量及其相关因素。方法 选择四川省 HIV感染率和 AIDS患病率较高的两个县 (资中县和凉山州昭觉县 )作为目标社区 ,在目标社区内共计调查了 71名 HIV感染者 /AIDS病人和 97名健康者 ,选用抑郁自评量表 (SDS)、焦虑自评量表 (SAS)、生活质量综合评定问卷(GQOL I- 74 )、社会支持评定量表 (SSS)及自制的一般情况记录表收集相关资料 ,对数据进行统计学分析。结果 HIV感染者 /AIDS病人的 SAS和 SDS评分高于正常对照 (分别为 t=5 .343,t=5 .2 72 ,P值均 <0 .0 0 1) ;HIV感染者 /AIDS病人 GQOL I- 74总分、各维度分均低于正常对照 (分别为 F=36 .5 12 ,F=2 .386 ,F=11.0 4 6 ,F=31.6 16 ,F=34.2 35 ,P值均 <0 .0 1) ;HIV感染者 /AIDS病人的 SAS和 SDS评分与疾病状况、物质滥用、社会支持及生活质量存在明显相关性 ;HIV感染者 /AIDS病人的生活质量总分与疾病状况、社会支持存在明显相关性。结论 焦虑和抑郁情绪在 HIV感染者 /AIDS病人中普遍存在 ,这些负性情绪主要与较多的疾病状况和物质滥用、较少的社会支持及较低的生活质量等因素有关 ;HIV感染者 /AIDS病人的生活质量普遍较低 ,这主要与较多的疾病状况。

重庆市2006-2012年艾滋病高危人群HIV/AIDS流行情况分析

目的分析重庆市2006-2012年艾滋病高危人群HIV/AIDS流行情况,为艾滋病高危人群的干预提供科学依据。方法从重庆市传染病上报系统和艾滋病监测哨点收集时间序列数据,评价指标为HIV新发病例数、HIV感染率和安全套使用率,利用泊松分布估计总体率的95%可信区间,采用时间序列相关性分析方法进行时间序列趋势性检验。结果 2006-2012年艾滋病感染的主要途径为异性性途径、同性性途径和静脉注射吸毒。暗娼（female sex worker,FSW）、静脉注射吸毒者（injecting drug use,IDU）、男男性行为人群（men who have sex with men,MSM）和性病门诊患者（people with sexually transmitted diseases,STDs）的HIV年平均感染率分别为0.18%（95%CI：0.10%～0.25%）、8.42%（95%CI：7.82%～9.03%）、15.62%（95%CI：14.41%～16.86%）和1.58%（95%CI：1.25%～1.91%）。FSW和MSM平均安全套使用比例分别为74.01%（95%CI：73.21%～74.82%）和62.30%（95%CI：60.67%～63.92%）。结论重庆市必须加强针对男男性行为人群、暗娼和性病门诊患者的干预工作,并在男男性行为人群和暗娼人群中加强安全套使用重要性的宣传力度。

老年HIV/AIDS住院患者48例流行病学及临床特征分析

目的探讨分析老年艾滋病(AIDS)病人的流行病学、临床特点以及治疗经验。方法回顾性研究2003-2009年重庆市公共卫生医疗救治中心收治的年龄在50岁及以上的老年艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/AIDS病人的临床数据资料,包括人口统计学、免疫学指标、病毒学指标、机会性疾病及HIV/AIDS诊断情况,以及老年抗病毒治疗情况等。结果 48例病人中,男42例,女6例;年龄平均(61.92±9.16)岁(50～92岁);38例经过性途径感染,2例经过同性性行为传播,另有2例经吸毒感染,6例不详。CD4+T淋巴细胞1～415/mm3,平均(83.33±105.00)/mm3;CD8+T淋巴细胞67～1741/mm3,平均(612.02±389.78)/mm3;病毒载量检测结果 :4例<50拷贝/mL,23例平均(5.87±0.86)Log10拷贝/mL(4.36～7.73Log10拷贝/mL)。机会性感染中,细菌性肺炎34例(70.83%),口腔念珠菌感染26例(54.17%),结核病15例(31.25%),耶氏肺孢子菌肺炎(PCP)感染14例(29.17%)。48例中有18例进行了抗病毒治疗。结论近年来,老年人群中HIV/AIDS问题不断凸现;其不易及时检出,机会性感染严重、合并症复杂、治疗效果延迟等现象是AIDS防控的棘手问题,应引起高度重视。

160例成人HIV感染者/AIDS患者机会性感染与CD_4^+之间关系分析

目的 分析中国成人艾滋病病毒 (HIV)感染者 /艾滋病 (AIDS)患者机会性感染发生的频率与CD+4 细胞数之间的关系。方法 对 1990～ 2 0 0 1在北京佑安医院就诊的 160例成人HIV感染者 /AIDS患者CD+4 、CD+8进行跟踪分析。结果 ( 1)CD+4 >5 0 0个 / μl 66人次 ( 12 7% ) ,CD+4 为 2 0 0个 / μl～ 5 0 0个 / μl 2 12人次 ( 41 1% ) ,CD+4 <2 0 0个 / μl 2 3 4人次 ( 45 3 % )。在CD+4 <个 2 0 0 / μl中 ,CD+4 <10 0个 / μl 12 8人次 ( 2 4 8% ) ,CD+4 <5 0个 / μl 89人次( 17 2 % )。 ( 2 )CD+4 >2 0 0个 / μl时 ,共发生机会性感染 3 3人次 ( 15 6% )。CD+4 <2 0 0个 / μl时 ,共发生机会性感染170人次 ( 72 6% ) ,CD+4 为 10 0个 / μl～ 2 0 0个 / μl之间发生机会性感染 42人次 ( 3 9 6% ) ,CD+4 <10 0个 / μl发生机会性感染 12 8人次 ( 98 4% ) ,其中CD+4 <5 0个 / μl发生机会性感染 87人次 ( 97 8% )。 结论 中国成人HIV感染者 /AIDS患者在CD+4 >2 0 0个 / μl时机会性感染出现频率较少 ,CD+4 <2 0 0个 / μl时机会性感染的频率明显增加 ;CD+4 <10 0个 / μl和 <5 0个 / μl时 ,感染率约为 10 0 %。