HIV/AIDS肺脾气虚证相关心脑血管疾病风险因素探析

目的通过检测血脂四项、血管内皮损伤因子、炎症相关因子,并结合前期的基因芯片结果,初步探讨人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)/艾滋病(AIDS)肺脾气虚证相关心脑血管疾病风险因素及机制,为中医药早期干预心脑血管疾病提供依据。方法2020年9月—2020年11月选取河南省某地区确诊的20例HIV/AIDS肺脾气虚证患者作为研究对象,同地区20例HIV抗体阴性作为健康对照组。检测CD_(3)^(+)、CD_(4)^(+)、CD_(8)^(+)计数,并计算CD_(4)^(+)/CD_(8)^(+)比值;检测血脂四项甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C);检测氧化低密度脂蛋白(Ox-LDL)、载脂蛋白A-I(ApoAⅠ)、载脂蛋白A-Ⅱ(ApoAⅡ)、载脂蛋白B(ApoB)、锌-α2-糖蛋白1(AZGP1)、可溶性血栓调节蛋白(sTM)、血管性血友病因子(vWF)、脂联素、瘦素(LEP)、超敏C反应蛋白(Hs-CRP)、单核细胞趋化因子1(MCP-1)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)。结果HIV/AIDS肺脾气虚证患者与健康对照组比较CD_(4)^(+)降低,CD_(4)^(+)/CD_(8)^(+)比值倒置,TC降低,sTM、AZGP1、Ox-LDL、Hs-CRP升高。结论HIV/AIDS肺脾气虚证患者存在炎性反应、血脂异常的表现,罹患心脑血管疾病风险增加。为中医药早期干预心脑血管疾病的发生提供新思路。

2013—2022年重庆市巴南片区新发现HIV/AIDS病例特征分析

目的:了解重庆市巴南片区2013—2022年新发现人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)/艾滋病(AIDS)病例的变化趋势和流行病学特征,为相关部门制定防控策略提供参考依据。方法:在重庆市艾滋病检测系统及巴南区艾滋病确证信息报告系统中,收集2013—2022年巴南片区新发现HIV/AIDS病例的流行病学特征信息,并进行统计学分析。结果:2013—2022年重庆市巴南片区新发现HIV/AIDS病例6077例,病例数呈逐年上升趋势,年均增长率为13.21%;45岁以上人群新发现病例的占比呈明显上升趋势,年均增长率为24.97%;病例以男性为主,男女性别比为2.43∶1;婚姻状况以已婚为主,占51.69%;文化程度以小学及文盲为主,占39.66%;职业为农民最多,占35.54%;有55.29%的新发现HIV/AIDS病例是在医疗机构就医时被发现的;主要感染途径是通过异性性传播,占95.06%。结论:目前,重庆市巴南片区防控AIDS最有效的方法是减少人群高危性行为发生。相关部门应加强安全性教育,全面普及宣传AIDS的防治知识,提升居民特别是中老年群体AIDS防治、性健康意识、自我保护能力及风险意识,减少人群高危性行为的发生,增强人群的主动检测意识,扩大检测人群及检测量,从而进一步提升AIDS防治水平。

江苏省50岁及以上男性HIV/AIDS患者确证前后性行为特征调查

目的:分析江苏省≥50岁男性艾滋病病毒感染和艾滋病(HIV/AIDS)患者性行为特征,为中老年人艾滋病防治措施制定提供数据支持。方法:从艾滋病防治基本信息系统中筛选2016—2017年报告、≥50岁男性病例,调查HIV确证前后性行为信息。结果:招募对象1417例,46.7%经同性性行为感染,50~59岁、60~69岁和≥70岁感染途径构成比不同(P<0.001);确证前发生异性、同性性行为比例为82.9%和47.1%,确证后降至44.6%和11.5%;58.2%确证后存在婚内性行为;确证前安全套每次均用比例极低,确证后升高(P<0.001)。50~59岁年龄组同性性行为发生比例更高;30.3%在确证前既有异性也有同性性行为;确证前曾检测HIV比例为10.9%。结论:江苏省中老年男性病例性行为比例高、安全套使用比例低、自我检测意识弱,应进一步扩大中老年男性人群艾滋病检测和综合干预覆盖面。

Depression and Suicidal Risk in HIV-Infected Adults at Brazzaville University Hospital: Prevalence and Associated Factors

Introduction: Highly active antiretroviral tritherapies have improved the quality of life of people living with HIV (PVVIH) and extended their life expectancy. However, the nervous system is faced with a neurotropic virus that evolves chronically, sometimes creating neurological disorders directly or indirectly linked to stigmatization or therapeutic effects. Objective: to determine the prevalence of depression associated with suicidal risk (SR) and identify associated factors. Patients and method: This was a prospective descriptive and analytical study from January 1 to November 30, 2022, including all HIV-positive patients receiving or not receiving antiretroviral therapy. The study took place in the infectious diseases department of Brazzaville University Hospital. This department has an inpatient capacity of 36 beds, and an outpatient capacity of 25 patients per day, three times a week. This is the largest center for PVVIH in Brazzaville. The Patient Heath Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) was used to assess the degree of depression and suicidal risk. Therapeutic adherence was assessed using the Morisky questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 software. Qualitative variables were expressed as numbers and percentages, and quantitative variables as means and standard deviations. Statistical tests were used according to their applicability criteria. For all tests, the significance threshold was set at 0.05. Results: A total of 150 patients were consulted, constituting the sample size. The prevalence of depression and suicidal risk was 32%. These patients had an average age of 42.83 ± 10.24 years, were female (n = 101;67.3%), Christian (n = 97;64%), single (n = 68;45.3%). Stigmatization (n = 75;50%) was the reason for attempted suicide. HIV was perceived as treatable (n = 103;68.7%), unlucky (n = 62;41.3%). Patients were WHO stage 1 (n = 105;70%). RS was present in 47 cases (31.3%). Factors associated with depression and suicidal risk were age (p = 0.000), residence (p = 0.028), suicide attempt (p = 0.000), desire to procreate (p = 0.000) and ARV (antiretrovirals) side effects (p Conclusion: The prevalence of depression and suicidal risk was high, in line with stigma and socio-economic conditions. The associated factors were in line with those identified in the literature. Mental health needs to be integrated into the overall care of people living with HIV.

HIV/AIDS病人重复住院的危险因素分析

目的:探讨人类免疫缺陷病毒感染者和艾滋病病人(以下简称HIV/AIDS病人)重复住院的危险因素,以期为临床诊治和护理提供参考依据。方法:纳入医院2020年1月—6月住院的HIV/AIDS病人为研究对象,将随访2年后重复住院(住院次数≥2次)病人设为重复入院组,根据年龄、性别等一般资料匹配原则选取1∶1病例数为单次入院组,比较分析两组病人一般资料、住院诊断信息、CD 4+T淋巴细胞计数、营养风险筛查2002(NRS 2002)和综合性医院焦虑/抑郁情绪测定表(Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale,HADS)等评估结果,采用二元Logistic回归分析艾滋病病人重复住院的危险因素。结果:共纳入重复住院的HIV/AIDS病人157例,单次住院的HIV/AIDS病人154例。157例重复住院HIV/AIDS病人中,男143例(91.08%),年龄为(36.49±10.91)岁;63.06%是通过同性感染的,33.76%的病人无工作,最低CD 4+T淋巴细胞计数为(126.44±54.22)/μL,首次住院体质指数(BMI)为(19.13±1.30)kg/m 2,首次抗病毒治疗以来年份中<1年的病人占71.34%;重复住院病人前3位的主要疾病诊断为艾滋病相关疾病(65.11%)、非艾滋病病毒相关感染(13.83%)、非艾滋病相关肿瘤(6.38%)。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,重复住院HIV/AIDS病人职业状况的OR值为2.380(P<0.05),而最低CD 4+T淋巴细胞计数和首次住院BMI的OR值分别为0.673和0.720(P<0.05)。结论:最低CD 4+T淋巴细胞计数和首次住院BMI较低是HIV/AIDS病人重复住院的危险因素,而有工作是其保护因素。

AIDS-Related High-Risk Behaviors and Affecting Factors of Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) in China's Mainland

Objectives: To describe and analyze HIV/AIDS/STD-related high risk behaviors and affecting factors of men who have sex with men (MSM) in China's Mainland~ Methods: 426 self-administered or interview-based questionnaires collected from MSM were analyzed with SPSS or SAS Systems. Results: Of the MSM, four-fifths had engaged in oral-genital intercourse, about half had engaged in anal intercourse, and in the past year more than two-fifths had casual sexual partner(s).Very few maintained monogamous sexual relationships, and nearly half also had intercourse with women. One fourth had previously been diagnosed with a venereal diseases. One HIV+individual was found among the 40 who reported having been tested for HIV. Only two men consistently used condoms among the one-third who had ever used condoms, despite almost universal knowledge of HIV and its transmission. Conclusions: MSM in China's Mainland are very sexually active, highlighting the possibility of a serious HIV epidemic that may be directly spread to the female population. However,AIDS interventions targeting MSM face severe obstructions resulting from cultural bias and other factors.

The Relationship between AIDS High Risk Behaviors and Childhood Status, Perception of Gender Orientation and Rare Experiences/Psychology among Chinese Gays

Objectives: To probe some more important factors affecting the HIV epidemic by surveying the relationshipbetween AIDS high risk behaviors and childhood status,attitude/perception to gender of male/sex orientation andrare experiences/Psy-chology among Chinese gays. Methods: Data were collected from 240 Chinese gays whowere attracted by their same gender. Results: The extent of sex among China's Mainland gays issimilar to that of industrialized countries, and behaviorsthat exacerbate the HIV epidemic are universal.Perceptions 'being a girl is better',' Dislike toys likeswords or pistols in early childhood were predictors topassive anal intercourse in adulthood. Those gay men whobegan sexual intercourse younger than 16 years old tendedto have more sex partners and suffered more pain. Thosedisliked gender of male or self-regarded as female tended tohave more passive anal intercourse and related to childhoodcross-gender experience/psychology while those were raised as girls by their parentsdid not take on e above characters. Individuals who experienced sex coercion and drug abuse were the twosubgroups with the greatest high-risk behaviors. Individualswho had sex with females had the greatest number of malesex partners and were more prone to group sex. Individualswith pedophilia or gerontophilia had more casual sexpartners. Psychological problems encountered by Chinese Conclusions: The prospect of an extensive AIDSepidemic among Chinese gays does exist and somesubgroups of gays play more important roles in theepidemic. Some high risk behaviors among adult gays canbe foreseen explicitly by the predictors taking on inchildhood, and closely relate to attitude/perception, togender of male, to some rare experience/psychology.

Cognitive and Behavioral Effects of Participatory Sex Education on the Dual Prevention of STI/HIV/AIDS and Unwanted Pregnancies among Adolescents in Kinshasa High Schools, DR Congo

Context: With the view to reorient both STI/HIV/AIDS prevention and adolescents pregnancies, this research study aims at evaluating cognitive and behavioral acquisitions, as well as the process of interactive sex education participatory approach among adolescents in Kinshasa high schools. Methods: Based on a “pre and post” virtually experimental design, two crosswise surveys were conducted in Kinshasa, for six months in 2011-2012 on 484 high school students (pre-survey) and on 441 high school students (post-survey), whose age range from 14 - 19 years including both sexes. Two participatory educational talks (PET) “A” and “B”, covered weekly in two different schools, were compared to a control group school. The PET “A” consisted of interactive interpersonal communication sessions given by an external expert as a substitute for the life education course in one school. The PET “B” carried out in another school, included more educational talk sessions, led by the external expert and supplemented by a close follow-up of teenagers divided into small groups of 10 participants. The subjects’ assessment was based on their knowledge, attitudes and practices relating to STI/HIV/AIDS dual prevention as well as to unwanted pregnancies. Results: The subjects involved in the PET “B” displayed a better/higher performance based on their knowledge, attitudes and practices related to STI/HIV/AIDS dual prevention and unwanted pregnancies. Broadly speaking, knowledge has been improved 6 times with the PET “B” (OR = 6, 10, IC 95%) (3.24 - 11.9), and 3 times with the PET “A” (OR = 3, 45, IC 95%) (1.79 - 6.81), compared to control school. Similarly, findings on subjects’ attitudes show an improvement rated 12 times with the PET”B” (OR = 11, 99, IC 95%) (5.67 - 27.38) and 5 times for the PET “A” (OR = 5.51, IC 95%) (2.54 - 12.87). As far as the subjects’ practices are concerned, an improvement of 6 more times of protected sexual intercourses with the PET “B” compared with the control school group (OR = 6, 52, IC 95%) (3.60 - 12.0). The process assessment records a spontaneous involvement of schools enhanced by the positive contribution of Life Education and Biology teachers;add a massive participation of adolescents who requested permanent PET program. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that school sexual education programs can be improved to increase the quality of apprenticeship. The use of interactive methods and the consideration of the adolescents’ specific needs that take into account the gender approach may bring about beneficial advantages on both educational outcomes and reproductive health of adolescents.

Socio-Cultural Identities, Perceptions of Sexuality/Sexual Behavior and Cultural Contexts as Determinants of HIV and AIDS Prevalence in Southern Africa

This paper attempts to examine the connection between one’s socio cultural setting and the prevalence of HIV/AIDS. Often, local communities form the contexts within which people negotiate their social and sexual lives and identities. These communities also play a key role in enabling or restraining people from taking control over their health. The paper will try to demonstrate through specific examples that in African societies, sexual behavior is a product of one’s socio-cultural environment and structural contexts and not the cognitive properties of the individual. The article draws from the qualitative study (Focus group sessions, individual interviews) conducted in three high schools in the Boland area of the Western Cape with about 18 learners, 3 Life skills teachers, 3 Performer-Educators on the efficacy of the HIV/AIDS intervention by The Centre for HIV/AIDS Management theatre group based at the University of Stellenbosch. The aim of the study was to ascertain the cultural content of their campaign model as well as their knowledge of the determinants of sex and sexuality of their target areas. Based on the findings of this study, I argue that theatre will achieve greater success in its campaign against HIV/AIDS in South Africa if the designers of the campaign models adopt a more participatory approach, make indigenous culture central to the design of their intervention model and pay closer attention to what Campbell refers to as “community level of analysis” which simply put implies a greater understanding of the target audiences local communities and its determinants of sex and sexuality.

A Systematic Review Study on Prevalence, Determinants, and Risk Factors of HIV/AIDS among Pacific Countries

Introduction: The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is known as the biggest public health challenge in both developed and developing countries. This systematic review study is carried out to assess the prevalence, determinants, and risk factors of HIV/AIDS in Pacific countries. Methods: This systematic review study applied Cochrane Library Guideline to search, review, apprise, and analyze the articles related to HIV/AIDS. Both qualitative and quantitative articles were published between 2000 to 2016, in English language and were published in databases such as MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL, ISI Web of Science, EBSCO, ProQuest, Springer and PyschInfo. A data extraction sheet was made and a descriptive statistic was applied to analyze the data. Results: Fifty-one studies met the study inclusion and exclusion criteria. The United States had the highest frequency of studies on HIV/AIDS (30 studies). The overall prevalence of HIV/AIDS among Pacific islanders was between 1 to 14 percent. The most common determinants of community-based studies were ethnicity and gender, while they were age and ethnicity in the school-based studies and age in the hospital-based studies. The highest risk factors for HIV were substance abuse, number of sexual partners and unprotected sex. Conclusion:The results of the study highlighted the main determinants and risk factors, which provide a framework for public health experts and program planners to focus on different aspects of HIV/AIDS. As HIV/AIDS is a culturally sensitive health issue, developing preventive strategies considering the factors determined in this study will be strongly advised.

Development and psychometric evaluation of the nurse behavior toward confirmed and suspected HIV/AIDS patients (NB-CSHAP) scale

There is a scarcity of literature discussing nurses’ behaviors toward caring for suspected or confirmed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. The development of a scale specific to measure nurses’ behaviors will allow health institutions to assess the disposition of their nurses in terms of HIV care. This study aims to present the rigors of developing and validating a reliable instrument to contextualize these nurses’ behaviors. This study utilized a sequential exploratory mixed method design to develop the NB-CSHAP scale. Thematic analysis was done on the qualitative data from the interviews with persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) from which items were selected to be included in the scale. Exploratory factor analysis was utilized to extract the factors and Cronbach’s alpha was used to assess the reliability of the instrument. Four factors were extracted and are categorized as either caring or discriminatory behaviors. These include: (1) service-oriented, (2) openhanded, (3) perceptive, and (4) discriminatory. The scale has an internal consistency of 0.73. The scale shows acceptable psychometric properties, hence can be used to assess the nurses’ behaviors in caring for confirmed or suspected HIV clients. The scale may be used by health institutions to determine the quality of the patient care provided by their nurses to clients with confirmed or suspected HIV .

Analysis of SocioDemographic Characteristics as Risk Factors of HIV/AIDS in Rural Environment of Ivory Coast

AIDS is a public health problem of which,in spite of the authorized actions and efforts,the socio‐economic,cultural,and political effects on humanity do not cease growing.Finding either preventive or curative solutions remains a big concern and the production of knowledge is still one of the alternatives.It is in this context that this study on the socio‐demographic characteristics in connection with the evolution of the disease in rural environment was carried out.The concerned targets were the rural populations of Indenie‐Djuablin,an area located at the East of the Ivory Coast.Thus,Affalikro,Aniassue,Amelekia,and Bettie,principal large villages of the chief town of Abengourou area were the sites of data collection of nearly 305 samples of individuals using a questionnaire and interview guides.The study used a quantitative and qualitative method with the dialectical and hypothetico‐deductive approaches for the data analysis.The results obtained and discussed made it possible to conclude that the socio‐demographic characteristics,while determining the attitudes and behaviors,expose the individuals to the HIV/AIDS contamination.

Are BRICS Countries Winning the War on HIV/AIDS？ Magnitude and Risk Factors

The aim of this study was to analyse the responses to HIV/AIDS in BRICS （Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa） countries to determine if they are winning the war on this pandemic. The authors used a comparative case study approach and multiple data sources on HIV prevalence, incidence, mortality, and risk factors of HIV. BRICS has 42% of the world＇s population, a total of 11.1 million people living with HIV （PLHIV） and an average HIV prevalence of 2.8%. Overall, there were 11.1 million PLHIV, 739,909 new infections, and 592,786 deaths in BRICS countries in 2012. The magnitude of HIV in BRICS countries was Brazil （.5%）, Russia （1.1%）, India （.3%）, China （.1%）, and South Africa （12.2%）. New infections declined by 30% or more and overall prevalence and deaths also declined in Brazil, India, China, and South Africa. The epidemic has stabilized in Brazil at .6%. Russia has one of the world＇s fastest-growing H1V epidemics, India has the largest burden of HIV in Asia and South Africa has the largest number of PLHIV. During a 10 year period, Russia had a 47% increase in new HIV infections. This suggests that Russia may be losing the battle against HIV at this stage. On the other hand, India and South Africa seem to have turned the corner with declines in HIV infections of 43% and 38% respectively.

持续随访干预对HIV感染者/AIDS患者高危性行为的影响

目的分析持续随访干预对减少艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)患者的高危性行为的影响。方法用SPSS 5.0软件分析全国"艾滋病综合防治数据信息系统"(简称网络直报)中云南省自2008年进入随访到2010年期间接受随访1年、2年和3年的HIV感染者/AIDS患者个人危险性行为的差异。结果在2008-2010年持续随访干预者且在最近3个月发生性行为而没有使用安全套的HIV感染者/AIDS患者的平均性伴数均呈下降趋势(P<0.001),但其最近3个月每次发生性行为使用安全套的比例均呈上升趋势(P<0.001)。结论持续随访有利于HIV感染者/AIDS患者改变其高危性行为,减少HIV的进一步传播,接受随访的时间越长,影响就越显著。

影响商业性服务提供/受供人群AIDS/HIV危险行为的社会心理个人因素

目的 广泛探讨影响商业性接触中艾滋病 /艾滋病病毒 (AIDS/HIV)危险行为发生的社会、心理和个人经历等因素。方法 采用自我设计的封闭式匿名问卷 ,于 1998年 7月对 70 2名女性商业性服务提供者和 16 5名男性受供者进行调查。结果 单因素分析结果显示 ,男性在商业性行为中不能坚持使用安全套与经济收入高、安全套知识得分低、终生商业性伴数多、自己不主动提出使用安全套以及无性病求医史等因素有关 ,女性则与未婚、AIDS/HIV知识得分低、安全套知识得分低、在消费档次较高的场所从事商业性服务、保持有非商业性关系以及无性病史和无人工流产史等因素有关。Logistic多因素分析结果显示 ,男性在商业性关系中发生AIDS/HIV危险性行为与经济收入高、安全套知识得分低、终生商业性伴数多和无性病史等有关 ,而女性则与其它性病知识得分低、在消费档次较高的场所从事商业性服务、无性病史、无人工流产史、不以安全套作为避孕措施、自己不主动提出使用安全套以及有兼职等有关。结论 商业性服务中HIV危险性行为的发生与参与人群对相关知识的了解以及个人经历关系密切。今后在针对该人群的HIV/AIDS健康教育中注意从这些方面设计宣传教育的内容和方式。

重庆市2006-2012年艾滋病高危人群HIV/AIDS流行情况分析

目的分析重庆市2006-2012年艾滋病高危人群HIV/AIDS流行情况,为艾滋病高危人群的干预提供科学依据。方法从重庆市传染病上报系统和艾滋病监测哨点收集时间序列数据,评价指标为HIV新发病例数、HIV感染率和安全套使用率,利用泊松分布估计总体率的95%可信区间,采用时间序列相关性分析方法进行时间序列趋势性检验。结果 2006-2012年艾滋病感染的主要途径为异性性途径、同性性途径和静脉注射吸毒。暗娼（female sex worker,FSW）、静脉注射吸毒者（injecting drug use,IDU）、男男性行为人群（men who have sex with men,MSM）和性病门诊患者（people with sexually transmitted diseases,STDs）的HIV年平均感染率分别为0.18%（95%CI：0.10%～0.25%）、8.42%（95%CI：7.82%～9.03%）、15.62%（95%CI：14.41%～16.86%）和1.58%（95%CI：1.25%～1.91%）。FSW和MSM平均安全套使用比例分别为74.01%（95%CI：73.21%～74.82%）和62.30%（95%CI：60.67%～63.92%）。结论重庆市必须加强针对男男性行为人群、暗娼和性病门诊患者的干预工作,并在男男性行为人群和暗娼人群中加强安全套使用重要性的宣传力度。

凉山州2003～2004年HIV/AIDS的综合监测

目的:了解凉山州各类人群艾滋病病毒感染者/艾滋病(HIV/AIDS)的感染情况及高危行为,和其流行现状和趋势。方法:按照艾滋病行为和血清学监测方案的操作程序及调查方法对全州吸毒者、女性商业性性工作者、孕产妇进行行为及血清学监测。结果:2 2 2 7例吸毒者艾滋病感染率为15 5 % (346人) ,吸毒者共用针具率为13 1% ;女性商业性性工作者感染率为0 8% (3人) ,只有5 1 1%的CSW (女性性商业工作者)在每次与客人发生性关系时都使用安全套;孕产妇监测中2 0 0 4年发现首例HIV感染者。结论:我州HIV感染途径主要还是静脉吸毒共用针具及性乱,女性商业性性行为者性行为将在艾滋病向普通人群传播中起重要作用,应当加强综合干预措施等。

1990-2012年云南省保山市HIV/AIDS病例全因死亡率及其影响因素研究

目的研究1990—2012年云南省保山市人类免疫缺陷病毒（human Immunodeficiency Virus，HIV，艾滋病病毒）／获得性免疫缺陷综合症（acquired immunodeficiency syndrome，AIDS，艾滋病）病例全因死亡率及其影响因素。方法采用哨点监测、重点人群筛查、自愿咨询检测、常规筛查方法等获得1990—2012年现住址为保山市的HIV／AIDS病例相关资料，收集其全因死亡相关信息，计算全因死亡率和累积生存率，应用Cox比例风险回归模型分析其全因死亡的影响因素。结果共有4275例HIV／AIDS病例纳入分析，男性占58．62％，30～44年龄段占41．94％，汉族占91．58％，农民占74．27％，已婚有配偶占66．69％，初中文化程度占41．36％。研究对象累计观察14054．21人年，全因死亡987人，死亡率为7．02／100人年。死亡率在1990—2004年间总体呈上升趋势，自2005年起开始持续下降。研究对象自从报告为HIV感染至研究结束时平均生存时间为10．57年，中位生存时间为11．11年，其中，曾接受或正在接受抗病毒治疗者的平均生存时间为17．02年，未接受过抗病毒治疗者的平均生存时间为6．41年，中位生存时间为5．58年。多因素分析显示性别、发病时年龄、首次检测报告HIV阳性的第1次CD4计数、可能感染HIV的途径、抗病毒治疗、病程处于HIV阶段样本来源对HIV／AIDS病例的死亡和生存状态具有统计学意义。结论抗病毒治疗有效地降低了保山市HIV／AIDS病例的全因死亡率，今后需进一步扩大抗病毒治疗人群覆盖面，但应基于HIV／AIDS病例的人口学特征加以分类治疗管理，最终减少HI、yAIDS病例的死亡。

流动人口行为特征及其空间过程与HIV/AIDS扩散

流动人口的行为特征及其空间过程是HIV/AIDS扩散的重要因素之一,其行为特征的高危性和流动性使流动人口成为HIV/AIDS的易感人群,在其流动的空间过程中与不同类型人口的相互接触,当发生与HIV/AIDS人群的高危行为时,一方面容易使自己感染HIV;另一方面,流动人口成为HIV携带者后与其他人发生高危行为则会成为HIV的传染源之一,其结果是导致了HIV/AIDS在感染者数量和感染空间上的扩散。因而,针对流动人口高危行为特征及其空间过程提出防控HIV/AIDS扩散的对策是可行的。

云南省4个地区780名孕产妇预防HIV/AIDS母婴垂直传播知识态度调查

目的 了解云南省艾滋病病毒 (HIV)不同流行地区孕妇时艾滋病 (AIDS)的知识、态度及行为 ,为开展宣传教育、阻断母婴垂直传播自愿咨询、检测提供依据。方法 选择省、地区、县不同地理分布 ,孕妇HIV感染率高、中、低的 4个地区孕产妇为调查对象 ,用问卷调查表收集关于AIDS ,特别是母婴垂直传播有关的知识、态度及行为方面资料。结果 4个地区共调查 780名孕产妇 ,其中 6 41人听说过AIDS ,占 82 2 %,有关三种传播途径的正确回答率为 5 5 0 %～ 83 7%,但 73%的孕产妇认为日常生活中共餐、接吻、握手或入厕等会传播 ,37 2 %的人对婚前性行为的观念表示接受 ,77 2 %～ 81 8%的孕产妇认为婚检及产前检查中应加入HIV检测 ,91 4%的孕产妇愿意医生为其提供有关HIV知识宣传 ;83 6 %～ 84 5 %孕产妇愿意接受人工流产术、剖腹产及降低垂直传播的药物治疗。6 2 1%的孕产妇认识到安全套可预防AIDS传播。结论 孕产妇对AIDS的认识比较低 ,但愿意积极参与降低HIV垂直传播的工作。应加强预防AIDS宣传教育 ,特别是尽快在重点地区探索开展降低孕妇HIV垂直传播的工作 ,以预防AIDS的母婴垂直传播。