Background: Adolescent girls in the United States and around the world are at a heightened risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including human immu nodeficiency virus (HIV). Objective: To determine the effi...Background: Adolescent girls in the United States and around the world are at a heightened risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including human immu nodeficiency virus (HIV). Objective: To determine the efficacy of a skill-based HIV/STD risk-reduction intervention in reducing self-reported unprotected sex ual intercourse among African American and Latino adolescent girls. Design: Rand omized controlled trial with 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups. Setting and Pa rticipants: Sexually experienced African American and Latino adolescent girls re cruited from the adolescent medicine clinic of a children’s hospital serving a low-income inner-city community (N = 682, mean age, 15.5 years); 88.6%were re tained at the 12-month follow-up. Interventions: Three 250-minute interventio ns based on cognitive-behavioral theories and elicitation research: an informat ion-based HIV/STD intervention provided information necessary to practice safer sex; a skillbased HIV/STD intervention provided information and taught skills n ecessary to practice safer sex; or a health-promotion control intervention conc erned with health issues unrelated to sexual behavior. Main Outcome Measures: Pr imary outcome measure was self-reported frequency of unprotected sexual interco urse; secondary outcomes included the frequency of sexual intercoursewhile intox icated, the number of sexual partners, biologically confirmed STDs, and theoreti cal mediator variables, including the intention to use condoms, beliefs about us ing condoms, and condom-use knowledge. Results: No differences between the info rmation intervention and the health control intervention were statistically sign ificant. Skills-intervention participants (mean [SE], 2.27 [0.81]) reported les s unprotected sexual intercourse at the 12-month follow-up than did informatio n-intervention participants (mean [SE], 4.04 [0.80]; P = .03), or health contro l-intervention participants (mean [SE], 5.05 [0.81]; P = .002). At the 12-mont h follow-up, skills-intervention participants (mean [SE], 0.91 [0.05]) reporte d fewer sexual partners (P = .04) compared with health control-intervention par ticipants (mean [SE], 1.04 [0.05]) and were less likely to test positive for STD (mean [SE], 10.5%[2.9%])-than were health control-intervention participants (mean [SE], 18.2%[2.8%]; P = .05). No differences in the frequency of unprote cted sexual intercourse, the number of partners, or the rate of STD were observe d at the 3-or 6-month follow-up between skill-intervention participants and information-intervention or health control-intervention participants. Conclusi on: Skillbased HIV/STD interventions can reduce sexual risk behaviors and STD ra te among African American and Latino adolescent girls in clinic settings.展开更多
目的评估北京市男男性行为者艾滋病与其他性传播疾病(STD)的现患率,以及兴奋剂、毒品的使用情况.了解男男性行为者行为特征及疾病感染的危险因素,为对该目标人群实施有效的行为干预措施,控制艾滋病病毒(HIV)传播提供科学依据。方法以常...目的评估北京市男男性行为者艾滋病与其他性传播疾病(STD)的现患率,以及兴奋剂、毒品的使用情况.了解男男性行为者行为特征及疾病感染的危险因素,为对该目标人群实施有效的行为干预措施,控制艾滋病病毒(HIV)传播提供科学依据。方法以常规监测信息为基础寻找种子,采用滚雪球方法招募200名研究对象。通过问卷调查收集被访者人口学、行为学信息。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)进行HIV抗体初筛检测,初筛阳性样本采用免疫印迹法(WB)进行确证检测。采用ELISA(IgG)、快速血浆反应素环状卡片试验(RPR)、梅毒螺旋体明胶颗粒凝集试验(TPPA)检测梅毒螺旋体。采集尿道及肛周拭子,采用ELISA法检测衣原体;采用涂片镜检和培养两种方法检测淋球菌。使用Epi Data 3.02软件建立数据库,对问卷及检测结果进行录入,运用SPSS 10.0进行统计学分析。结果共招募200名男男性行为者作为研究对象,平均年龄(26.44±6.3)岁。过去一年中同性性伴数超过1个的占86.5%,20.5%有异性多性伴。该群体在发生同性性行为时普遍存在主动肛交(77.5%)与被动肛交(63.0%)。21.5%的被访者承认既往曾使用过毒品。检出HIV抗体阳性13例,感染率6.5%;TPPA阳性48例,现患率24%;肛门拭子衣原体涂片阳性21例,阳性率10.5%;尿道拭子涂片衣原体阳性19例,阳性率9.5%;淋球菌尿道及肛门拭子涂片、培养阳性1例,阳性率0.5%。结论男男性行为者行为特征导致其性病、HIV感染风险较高,需要采取有针对性的综合防治措施加以控制。展开更多
文摘Background: Adolescent girls in the United States and around the world are at a heightened risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including human immu nodeficiency virus (HIV). Objective: To determine the efficacy of a skill-based HIV/STD risk-reduction intervention in reducing self-reported unprotected sex ual intercourse among African American and Latino adolescent girls. Design: Rand omized controlled trial with 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups. Setting and Pa rticipants: Sexually experienced African American and Latino adolescent girls re cruited from the adolescent medicine clinic of a children’s hospital serving a low-income inner-city community (N = 682, mean age, 15.5 years); 88.6%were re tained at the 12-month follow-up. Interventions: Three 250-minute interventio ns based on cognitive-behavioral theories and elicitation research: an informat ion-based HIV/STD intervention provided information necessary to practice safer sex; a skillbased HIV/STD intervention provided information and taught skills n ecessary to practice safer sex; or a health-promotion control intervention conc erned with health issues unrelated to sexual behavior. Main Outcome Measures: Pr imary outcome measure was self-reported frequency of unprotected sexual interco urse; secondary outcomes included the frequency of sexual intercoursewhile intox icated, the number of sexual partners, biologically confirmed STDs, and theoreti cal mediator variables, including the intention to use condoms, beliefs about us ing condoms, and condom-use knowledge. Results: No differences between the info rmation intervention and the health control intervention were statistically sign ificant. Skills-intervention participants (mean [SE], 2.27 [0.81]) reported les s unprotected sexual intercourse at the 12-month follow-up than did informatio n-intervention participants (mean [SE], 4.04 [0.80]; P = .03), or health contro l-intervention participants (mean [SE], 5.05 [0.81]; P = .002). At the 12-mont h follow-up, skills-intervention participants (mean [SE], 0.91 [0.05]) reporte d fewer sexual partners (P = .04) compared with health control-intervention par ticipants (mean [SE], 1.04 [0.05]) and were less likely to test positive for STD (mean [SE], 10.5%[2.9%])-than were health control-intervention participants (mean [SE], 18.2%[2.8%]; P = .05). No differences in the frequency of unprote cted sexual intercourse, the number of partners, or the rate of STD were observe d at the 3-or 6-month follow-up between skill-intervention participants and information-intervention or health control-intervention participants. Conclusi on: Skillbased HIV/STD interventions can reduce sexual risk behaviors and STD ra te among African American and Latino adolescent girls in clinic settings.
文摘目的评估北京市男男性行为者艾滋病与其他性传播疾病(STD)的现患率,以及兴奋剂、毒品的使用情况.了解男男性行为者行为特征及疾病感染的危险因素,为对该目标人群实施有效的行为干预措施,控制艾滋病病毒(HIV)传播提供科学依据。方法以常规监测信息为基础寻找种子,采用滚雪球方法招募200名研究对象。通过问卷调查收集被访者人口学、行为学信息。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)进行HIV抗体初筛检测,初筛阳性样本采用免疫印迹法(WB)进行确证检测。采用ELISA(IgG)、快速血浆反应素环状卡片试验(RPR)、梅毒螺旋体明胶颗粒凝集试验(TPPA)检测梅毒螺旋体。采集尿道及肛周拭子,采用ELISA法检测衣原体;采用涂片镜检和培养两种方法检测淋球菌。使用Epi Data 3.02软件建立数据库,对问卷及检测结果进行录入,运用SPSS 10.0进行统计学分析。结果共招募200名男男性行为者作为研究对象,平均年龄(26.44±6.3)岁。过去一年中同性性伴数超过1个的占86.5%,20.5%有异性多性伴。该群体在发生同性性行为时普遍存在主动肛交(77.5%)与被动肛交(63.0%)。21.5%的被访者承认既往曾使用过毒品。检出HIV抗体阳性13例,感染率6.5%;TPPA阳性48例,现患率24%;肛门拭子衣原体涂片阳性21例,阳性率10.5%;尿道拭子涂片衣原体阳性19例,阳性率9.5%;淋球菌尿道及肛门拭子涂片、培养阳性1例,阳性率0.5%。结论男男性行为者行为特征导致其性病、HIV感染风险较高,需要采取有针对性的综合防治措施加以控制。
