Bilateral Peripheral Facial Paralysis Combined with HIV Meningitis During Acute HIV-1 Infection: A Case Report

Here we reported a Chinese case of bilateral peripheral facial paralysis(PFP) in human immunodeficiency virusc(HIV) infected population. A 38-year-old homosexual male patient was referred to our hospital for bilateral facial paralysis. 21 days prior to admission he had developed high fever, chills, headache, fatigue, general malaise, nausea and vomiting. Neurological examination revealed bilateral ptosis of lower lip and cheeks, as well as failure of bilateral eyes closure. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) revealed pleocytosis, a marked rise of micro total protein and a marked rise of intrathecal lgG synthesis. The result of HIV-1 serology was positive by ELISA and that was confirmed by western blot. His CD4^+ cell count was 180 cells/mm^3. HIV-1 viral load in CSF was almost 10 times higher than that in plasma. The patient's condition improved steadily and experienced complete resolution of bilateral PFP after 2 months.

NKT cells in HIV-1 infection

Natural killer T （NKT） cells are a unique T cell population that have important immunoregulatory functions and have been shown to be involved in host immunity against a range of microorganisms. It also emerges that they might play a role in HIV-1 infection, and therefore be selectively depleted during the early stages of infection. Recent studies are reviewed regarding the dynamics of NKT depletion during HIV-1 infection and their recovery under highly active antiretroviral treatment （HAART）. Possible mechanisms for these changes are proposed based on the recent developments in HIV pathogenesis. Further discussions are focused on HIV＇s disruption of NKT activation by downregulating CDld expression on antigen presentation cells （APC）. HIV-1 protein Nefis found to play the major role by interrupting the intracellular trafficking of nascent and recycling CDld molecules.

Down-regulation of HIV-1 Infection by Inhibition of the MAPK Signaling Pathway

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 （HIV-1） can interact with and exploit the host cellular machinery to replicate and propagate itself. Numerous studies have shown that the Mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） signal pathway can positively regulate the replication of HIV-1, but exactly how each MAPK pathway affects HIV-1 infection and replication is not understood. In this study, we used the Extracellular signal-regulated kinase （ERK） pathway inhibitor, PD98059, the Jun N-terminal kinase （JNK） pathway inhibitor, SP600125, and the p38 pathway inhibitor, SB203580, to investigate the roles of these pathways in HIV-1 replication. We found that application of PD98059 results in a strong VSV-G pseudotyped HIV-1NL4-3 luciferase reporter virus and HIV-1NL4-3 virus inhibition activity. In addition, SB203580 and SP600125 also elicited marked VSV-G pseudotyped HIV-INL4-3 luciferase reporter virus inhibition activity but no HIV-1NL4-3 virus inhibition activity. We also found that SB203580 and SP600125 can enhance the HIV-1 inhibition activity of PD98059 when cells were treated with all three MAPK pathway inhibitors in combination. Finally, we show that HIV-1 virus inhibition activity of the MAPK pathway inhibitors was the result of the negative regulation of HIV-1 LTR promoter activity.

Binding of HIV-1 virions to α_4β_7 expressing cells and impact of antagonizing α_4β_7 on HIV-1 infection of primary CD4^+ T cells

HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein is reported to interact with α4β7, an integrin mediating the homing of lymphocytes to gut-associated lymphoid tissue, but the significance of α4β7 in HIV-1 infection remains controversial. Here, using HIV-1 strain Ba L, the gp120 of which was previously shown to be capable of interacting with α4β7, we demonstrated that α4β7 can mediate the binding of whole HIV-1 virions to α4β7-expressing transfectants. We further constructed a cell line stably expressing α4β7 and confirmed the α4β7-mediated HIV-1 binding. In primary lymphocytes with activated α4β7 expression, we also observed significant virus binding which can be inhibited by an anti-α4β7 antibody. Moreover, we investigated the impact of antagonizing α4β7 on HIV-1 infection of primary CD4+ T cells. In α4β7-activated CD4+ T cells, both anti-α4β7 antibodies and introduction of shorthairpin RNAs specifically targeting α4β7 resulted in a decreased HIV-1 infection. Our findings indicate that α4β7 may serve as an attachment factor at least for some HIV-1 strains. The established approach provides a promising means for the investigation of other viral strains to understand the potential roles of α4β7 in HIV-1 infection.

HIV-Specific IL-2^+ and/or IFN-γ^+ CD8^+ T Cell Reponses during Chronic HIV-1 Infection in Former Blood Donors

Objective Conflicting data have been generated from previous studies to determine which kind of relationship exists between HIV-1 specific CD8 Tcell responses and HIV-1 viral load or CD4 count over the course of infection.In this study,153 HIV-1 infected LTNPs were enrolled to investigate the role of HIV-1 specific CD8 T-cell responses in chronic HIV-1 infection among HIV-1 infected former blood donors.Methods The patients were stratified into three groups according to CD4 count：CD4≥500 cells/μL;350 cells/μL≤CD4〈500 cells/μL;CD4〈350 cells/μL.PBMCs were isolated from the patients＇ anticoagulated blood samples.IL-2 and IFN-γ secretions of CD 8 T cells against 17 HIV-1 consensus B full peptide pools were analyzed by using ICS assay.Results An overall inverse correlation were observed between CD4 count and plasma viral load.Although no significant difference was observed during the comparisons of frequency/breadth of HIV-1 specific CD8 T cell responses,CD4 count stratification analysis showed that different correlation pattern existed in three strata：as for patients whose CD4 counts were less than 350 cells/μL,no significant correlations were identified between frequency/breadth of HIV-1 specific CD8 T cell responses and CD4 count/viral load;as for patients whose CD4 counts ranged from 350 cells /μL to 500 cells/μL,significant correlation was only observed between the response breadth of IL-2＋IFN-γ＋ CD8 T cells and CD4 count;however,as for patients whose CD4 counts were more than 500 cells/μL,direct correlations were identified between IL-2＋IFN-γ＋/IL-2＋/IFN-γ＋ CD8 T cells and viral load or CD4 count.Conclusions Universal consistent inverse correlation was only indentified between CD4 count and viral load.The relationship between HIV-1 specific CD8 T cell responses and CD4 count/viral load varied in different CD4 strata,which showed that better preserved CD4 T cells were correlated with better CD8 T cell functions.

polymorphism Analysis of Resistance Genes in Chinese Populations with HIV-1 Infection

Objective: To analyze the genotypes of CCR5 △ 32,CCR2b-64I and SDF 1-3 A and mutation frequencies of allelicgenes in Chinese populations infected with HIV-1. Methods: Genome DNA from peripheral blood mononuclearcells (PBMCs) of 78 HIV-1 infectors was amplified bypolymerase chain reaction (PCR). CCR5, CCR2b and SDF1gene fragments were obtained from restrictive fragmentlength polymorphism (RFLP) and/or CCR△32, CCR5m303,CCR2b-64I and SDF1-3' A allelic genes' mutationalfrequencies were sequenced directly from PCR products. Results: None of CCR5△32, CCR5m303 gene mutationwere found in 78 subjects with HIV-1 infection. The allelicgene mutation frequencies of CCR2b-64I and SDF1-3'Acorresponding to 14.9-34.0% and 17.6-38.2% of 95% CI, were22.79% and 26.92% respectively. Their colony distributionconformed to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Conclusion: The HIV-1 infections found at present are allsusceptible population of CCR5△32 and CCR5m303. Thepolymorphism and frequencies of CCR5△32, CCR5m303,CCR2b-64I and SDF1-3'A alleles from Chinese HIV-1infected population were disclosed in this study for the firsttime, which is of significance for studying the geneticresistance to susceptibility to HIV-1 infection as well as AIDSdisease progression.

Phenotytic Knockout of HIV-1 Chemokine Coreceptor CXCR4 and CCR5 by Intrakines for Blocking HIV-1 Infection

To investigate the phenotypic knockout of HIV-1 chemokine coreceptor CXCR4 and CCR5 by intrakines and its inhibitory effect on HIV-1 infection. Primary human PBLs were transduced with the recombinant vector pLNCX-R-K-S-K followed by anti-NGFR/anti-IgG-magnetic bead method selection and FCM detection. The transduced PBI.S were infected with DP1 HFV-1 virus thereafter envelope-mediated syncytium formation and p24 detection were carried out to study the blockage of HIV-1 infection by co-inactivation of CCR5 and CXCR4. pLNCX-R-K-S-K -transduced PBLs were isolated with an anti-NGFR/anti-IgG-magnetic bead method. After isolation, about 70% of the PBI.S were posi- tive for the NGFR marker. When the transduced PBLs were infected with DP1 HIV-1 virus, envelop-mediated syncytium for- mation was almost completely inhibited by pLNCX-R-K-S-K transfection. Also, p24 antigen was very low in the cultures of pLNCX-R-K-S-K transduced PBLs. pLNCX-R-K-S-K transduction inhibited the produc- tion of DP1 p24 antigen by 15%, 43% and 19% on days 4, 7 and 10 respectively. The lymphocytes with the phenotypic knockout of CCR5 and CXCR4 could protect primary human PBLs from DP1 HIV-1 virus infection.

Subclinical hepatitis E virus genotype 1 infection:The concept of“dynamic human reservoir”

Hepatitis E virus(HEV)is hyperendemic in South Asia and Africa accounting for half of total Global HEV burden.There are eight genotypes of HEV.Among them,the four common ones known to infect humans,genotypes 1 and 2 are prevalent in the developing world and genotypes 3 and 4 are causing challenge in the industrialized world.Asymptomatic HEV viremia in the general population,especially among blood donors,has been reported in the literature worldwide.The clinical implications related to this asymptomatic viremia are unclear and need further exploration.Detection of viremia due to HEV genotype 1 infection,apparently among healthy blood donors is also reported without much knowledge about its infection rate.Similarly,while HEV genotype 3 is known to be transmitted via blood transfusion in humans and has been subjected to screening in many European nations,instances of transmission have also been documented albeit without significant clinical consequences.Epidemiology of HEV genotype 1 in endemic areas often show waxing and waning pattern.Occasional sporadic occurrence of HEV infection interrupted by outbreaks have been frequently seen.In absence of known animal reservoir,where HEV exists in between outbreak is a mystery that needs further exploration.However,occurrence of asymptomatic HEV viremia due to HEV genotype 1 during epidemiologically quiescent period may explain that this phenomenon may act as a dynamic reservoir.Since HEV genotype 1 infection cannot cause chronicity,subclinical transient infection and transmission of virus might be the reason it sustains in interepidemic period.This might be the similar phenomenon with SARS COVID-19 corona virus infection which is circulating worldwide in distinct phases with peaks and plateaus despite vaccination against it.In view of existing evidence,we propose the concept of“Dynamic Human Reservoir.”Quiescent subclinical infection of HEV without any clinical consequences and subsequent transmission may contribute to the existence of the virus in a community.The potential for transmitting HEV infection by asymptomatic HEV infected individuals by fecal shedding of virus has not been reported in literature.This missing link may be a key to Pandora's box in understanding epidemiology of HEV infection in genotype 1 predominant region.

Detection of ARV-Resistant Mutants in HIV-1-Infected Individuals in a Context of Systematic Switching to an Association Based on Dolutegravir in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

The emergence of antiretroviral resistance mutations represents a major threat to the achievement of national and global goals for the elimination of HIV-1 infection. The global strategy in 2019 in Cte d'Ivoire is a new national policy for the management of people living with HIV with the administration of dolutegravir (DTG)-based fixed-dose combination. The aim of our study was to evaluate HIV-1 resistance to antiretrovirals (ARVs) in infected adult subjects in Cte d’Ivoire in the context of a systematic switch to a DTG-based combination. Between February 2022 and October 2023, a cross-sectional survey with random sampling was conducted in 06 services caring for people living with HIV. A total of 139 participants were included in the study. Adults with a viral load ≥ 1000 copies/mL were tested for HIV-1 ARV resistance mutations. Molecular analyses were performed using protocol of ANRS-MIE (National Agency for Research on AIDS and emerging infectious diseases). The interpretation is performed by HIVGRAD (https://www.hiv-grade.de/cms/grade/). The frequencies of HIV-1 resistance to non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), integrase inhibitors (IINTs) and protease inhibitors (PIs) were 82%, 73%, 19% and 11% respectively. The main mutations observed in the different classes were K103N (45%), M184V (64%), E157Q (19%) and L10V/M46I/A71V/I54V (6%) respectively. This study reveals the emergence of resistance to DTG-based fixed-dose combinations, favored by high rates of resistance to NRTIs and NNRTIs. This finding underlines the need for enhanced viral load monitoring and HIV-1 genotyping tests to guide the choice of NRTIs for combination therapy. In addition, monitoring for mutations to second-generation NRTIs is essential, given the scale-up of DTG-based regimens currently underway in Cte d’Ivoire.

Evolution of Viral Load in Patients Infected with HIV-1 at Point G University Hospital

Introduction: HIV, the human immunodeficiency virus, is the etiological agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The aim of this study was to assess the evolution of the viral load in patients under treatment. Methodology: This was a study carried out from July 2017 to June 2022 at the Point G University Hospital laboratory. The determination of the viral load of patients was carried out by PCR on the ABOTT M2000sp/rt platform. Results: A total of 129 patients infected with HIV-1, aged 19 to 72 years with a mean age of 40.05 years ± 10.71;all on antiretroviral chemotherapy. The female gender predominated among our patients. The most common treatment regimen was 2INTI + 1INNTI with 72.9% followed by 2INTI + 1INI with 13.2%. As for the combinations of molecules, the combination TDF + 3TC + EFV and TDF + 3TC + DTG predominated, respectively 65.1% and 13.2%. 89.9% of our patients had undetectable viremia after 12 months of treatment (p < 0.005) with an average viral load which had evolved from 681315.65 copies/ml ± 1616908.484 to M0 at 5742.36 copies /ml ± 35756.883 at M12 (p Conclusion: Generally speaking, antiretroviral treatment had contributed to controlling viral loads, however the therapeutic combination TDF + 3TC + DTG had made it possible to obtain more patients with undetectable viremia instead.

Changing roles of CD3^(+)CD8^(low) T cells in combating HIV-1 infection

Background:Cluster of differentiation 8(CD8 T)cells play critical roles in eradicating human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-1 infection,but little is known about the effects of T cells expressing CD8 at low levels(CD8^(low))or high levels(CD8^(high))on HIV-1 replication inhibition after HIV-1 invasion into individual.Methods:Nineteen patients who had been acutely infected with HIV-1(AHI)and 20 patients with chronic infection(CHI)for≥2 years were enrolled in this study to investigate the dynamics of the quantity,activation,and immune responses of CD3^(+)CD8^(low) T cells and their counterpart CD3^(+)CD8^(high) T cells at different stages of HIV-1 infection.Results:Compared with healthy donors,CD3^(+)CD8^(low) T cells expanded in HIV-1-infected individuals at different stages of infection.As HIV-1 infection progressed,CD3^(+)CD8^(low) T cells gradually decreased.Simultaneously,CD3^(+)CD8^(high) T cells was significantly reduced in the first month of AHI and then increased gradually as HIV-1 infection progressed.The classical activation of CD3^(+)CD8^(low) T cells was highest in the first month of AHI and then reduced as HIV-1 infection progressed and entered the chronic stage.Meanwhile,activated CD38^(-)HLA-DR^(+)CD8^(low) T cells did not increase in the first month of AHI,and the number of these cells was inversely associated with viral load(r=-0.664,P=0.004)but positively associated with the CD4 T-cell count(r=0.586,P=0.014).Increased programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1)abundance on CD3^(+)CD8^(low) T cells was observed from the 1st month of AHI but did not continue to be enhanced,while a significant T cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif(ITIM)domains(TIGIT)abundance increase was observed in the 12th month of infection.Furthermore,increased PD-1 and TIGIT abundance on CD3^(+)CD8^(low) T cells was associated with a low CD4 T-cell count(PD-1:r=-0.456,P=0.043;TIGIT:r=-0.488,P=0.029)in CHI.Nonetheless,the nonincrease in PD-1 expression on classically activated CD3^(+)CD8^(low) T cells was inversely associated with HIV-1 viremia in the first month of AHI(r=-0.578,P=0.015).Notably,in the first month of AHI,few CD3^(+)CD8^(low) T cells,but comparable amounts of CD3^(+)CD8^(high) T cells,responded to Gag peptides.Then,weaker HIV-1-specific T-cell responses were induced in CD3^(+)CD8^(low) T cells than CD3^(+)CD8^(high) T cells at the 3rd and 12th months of AHI and in CHI.Conclusions:Our findings suggest that CD3^(+)CD8^(low) T cells play an anti-HIV role in the first month of infection due to their abundance but induce a weak HIV-1-specific immune response.Subsequently,CD3^(+)CD8^(low) T-cell number decreased gradually as infection persisted,and their anti-HIV functions were inferior to those of CD3^(+)CD8^(high) T cells.

姜黄素调控转录因子FOXP3影响HIV-1感染辅助受体CCR5的作用机制研究

目的:探讨姜黄素通过调控转录因子FOXP3影响HIV-1感染辅助受体CCR5的作用机制。方法:利用生物信息学方法预测并分析转录因子FOXP3与CCR5启动子的结合位点;采用AutoDock 4.2软件对姜黄素与FOXP3进行柔性对接;MTT法检测姜黄素对Jurkat细胞活性的影响;qRT-PCR和Western blot检测不同浓度姜黄素作用于Jurkat细胞后CCR5和FOXP3 mRNA和蛋白表达水平;构建pcDNA3.1-FOXP3真核表达载体;结合转录因子预测结果,运用Overlap PCR法扩增突变型CCR5基因片段,构建突变型CCR5启动子报告载体pFireRluc-Mt-CCR5;利用双荧光素酶报告基因技术验证转录因子FOXP3与CCR5的启动子结合位点。结果:JASPAR转录因子预测结果显示,CCR5启动子区与转录因子FOXP3存在结合位点;分子对接结果显示,姜黄素能够与FOXP3的酶活区域结合;MTT结果显示,姜黄素作用24 h后对Jurkat细胞活性产生抑制作用,IC50为34.48μmol/L;qRT-PCR和Western bot结果显示,不同浓度姜黄素作用于Jurkat细胞后,CCR5和FOXP3 mRNA和蛋白表达水平均降低,且存在剂量依赖性;双荧光素酶报告基因技术证实FOXP3能够与CCR5启动子结合,且转录因子FOXP3可调控CCR5启动子活性;过表达FOXP3后,姜黄素对CCR5的作用结果显示:当姜黄素浓度为60μmol/L时,作用于共转染pcDNA3.1-FOXP3和pFireRluc-Wt-CCR5的HEK293T细胞CCR5启动子荧光素酶活性相对值明显高于pFireRluc-Wt-CCR5+curcumin-60组(P<0.01)。结论:FOXP3能够调控CCR5启动子活性,其作用机制可能是姜黄素通过作用于FOXP3与CCR5启动子结合位点影响CCR5启动子活性。

黄芩、猫眼草、连翘单味中药体外抗HIV-1病毒活性的研究

目的:构建抗人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)-1假病毒药物筛选平台,在此基础上观察黄芩、猫眼草、连翘单味中药对HIV假病毒感染MAGI-CCR5细胞系的影响,评价其抗病毒作用。方法:选用重组质粒PLAI(含HIV包膜蛋白基因)和重组质粒JRFC(含HIV骨架基因)共转染293T细胞制备假病毒,建立假病毒筛选平台;采用MTT法检测药物对MAGI-CCR5细胞增殖的影响,筛选出对细胞无毒性的最合适浓度。通过药物体外对假病毒感染MAGI-CCR5的抑制实验,观察3种单味中药水煎液体外抗HIV-1病毒的活性。结果:3种单味中药均有体外抗HIV假病毒作用,且抗病毒作用与药物质量分数呈明显的剂量效应关系,2.17 mg/L黄芩、3.45 mg/L猫眼草、2.50 mg/L连翘表现出最高抑制率,依次是41.87%、37.38%、14.12%。结论:单味中药黄芩、猫眼草具有较好的体外抗HIV病毒的作用,连翘的抗HIV病毒作用相对较弱。

2021年苏州市新报告HIV-1感染者抗病毒治疗前耐药及亚型分析

目的了解苏州市新报告HIV-1感染者抗病毒治疗前耐药以及耐药位点突变情况。方法选取苏州市2021年新报告的HIV-1感染者780例,治疗前采集全血样本,提取血浆中的HIV-1病毒RNA,经反转录、巢式PCR扩增HIV-1 pol区基因后,进行sanger测序和基因型鉴定,并上传至斯坦福耐药数据库进行耐药分析。结果780例样本中成功扩增691例,基因型以CRF07_BC(占38.4%)及CRF01_AE亚型(占35.6%)为主,发生不同程度耐药突变53例,治疗前总耐药率为7.7%,对核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂(NRTIs)、非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂(NNRTIs)、蛋白酶抑制剂(PIs)耐药率分别为0.4%、5.1%、2.7%。不同婚姻状况(χ^(2)=10.55,P<0.05)、不同HIV-1亚型(Fisher's精确检验,P<0.05)患者耐药率差异均有统计学意义。691例成功扩增样本中检测到耐药突变位点19种,对PIs、NRTIs、NNRTIs区耐药基因突变占比分别为3.5%、0.7%、18.4%;PIs突变频率最高位点为Q58E(60.0%),NNRTIs为V179D/E/T(64.9%),NRTIs区少数出现M41L、L210W以及T215S等耐药位点突变。结论2021年苏州市新报告HIV-1感染者治疗前耐药率较高,应加强耐药监测,及时调整抗病毒治疗方案,减少耐药病毒株的产生及传播。

2021—2023年贵港市HIV-1感染者的流行特征和检测结果分析

目的分析2021—2023年贵港市人类免疫缺陷病毒1型(HIV-1)抗体阳性者的免疫蛋白印迹试验(WB)带型特征,探讨免疫状况及相关指标在获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)发展中的作用。方法对2021—2023年1719份经贵港市AIDS确证实验室确证为HIV-1抗体阳性且在治疗前开展了CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞检测的样本,用SPSS 25.0分析人口学特征和实验室相关检测结果。结果1719例HIV-1抗体阳性以男性、40岁以上、已婚、农民、文化程度较低、医疗机构临床筛查为主;CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数与年龄呈负相关,与WB条带数呈正相关(P<0.05)。带型p55、p39、p17检出阳性率在不同免疫程度和病程间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论农民仍然是贵港市AIDS宣教、检测工作的重点人群,p55、p39和p17可作为疾病发展和免疫情况的一个潜在判别依据。

DYNAMICS OF AN HIV-1 INFECTION MODEL WITH CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSE AND STOCHASTIC PERTURBATION

In this paper, we introduce the stochasticity into an HIV-1 infection model with cytotoxic T lymphocytes （CTLs） immune response via the technique of parameter perturbation. We show that there is a positive solution as desired in any population dynamics. Then we analyze the long time behavior of this model. We obtain a sufficient condition for the stochastic asymptotic stability in the large of the infection-free equilibrium and give the conditions for the solution fluctuating around the two infection equilibria （one without CTLs being activated and the other with）. Finally, we make sinmlations to conform to our analytical results.

GLOBAL DYNAMICS OF A DELAYED HIV-1 INFECTION MODEL WITH ABSORPTION AND SATURATION INFECTION

In this paper, an HIV-1 infection model with absorption, saturation infection and an intracellular delay accounting for the time between viral entry into a target cell and the production of new virus particles is investigated. By analyzing the characteristic equations, the local stability of an infection-free equilibrium and a chronic-infection equilibrium of the model is established. By using suitable Lyapunov functionals and LaSalle＇s invariance principle, it is proved that if the basic reproduction ratio is less than unity, the infection-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable; and if the basic reproduction ratio is greater than unity, sufficient condition is derived for the global stability of the chronic-infection equilibrium.

一类具有细胞-细胞传播和免疫损害的HIV-1感染动力学模型

基于病毒-细胞感染和细胞-细胞传播两种机制,研究一类具有胞内时滞,CTL免疫反应和免疫损害的HIV-1感染动力学模型.通过计算得到了病毒感染基本再生率.通过分析特征方程根的分布,讨论了模型的病毒未感染平衡点和慢性感染平衡点的局部稳定性.通过构造适当的Lyapunov泛函并应用LaSalle不变性原理,证明了模型的全局动力学性态由病毒感染基本再生率完全确定:若基本再生率小于1,则病毒未感染平衡点全局渐近稳定;若基本再生率大于1,则慢性感染平衡点全局渐近稳定.进一步,通过数值模拟说明了理论结果,并对参数进行了敏感性分析,确定了参数对病毒感染基本再生率的影响程度.

一类基于游离病毒感染和细胞-细胞传播的宿主体内HIV-1感染动力学模型

该文考虑一类具有细胞-细胞传播、胞内时滞、饱和CTL免疫反应和免疫损害的HIV-1感染动力学模型.通过计算得到了免疫未激活和免疫激活再生率.通过分析特征方程根的分布,讨论了可行平衡点的局部渐近稳定性.通过构造适当的Lyapunov泛函并应用LaSalle不变性原理,证明了模型的全局动力学由免疫未激活和免疫激活再生率决定:如果免疫未激活再生率小于1,则病毒未感染平衡点是全局渐近稳定的;如果免疫未激活再生率大于1且免疫激活再生率小于1,则免疫未激活感染平衡点是全局渐近稳定的;如果免疫激活再生率大于1,则慢性感染平衡点是全局渐近稳定的.此外,通过数值模拟说明了免疫损害和细胞-细胞传播对模型动力学的影响.

坏死性凋亡与HIV-1感染的研究进展

由于人类免疫缺陷病毒1型(HIV-1)在细胞中形成潜伏感染,且HIV-1潜伏感染机制尚不明确,导致当前抗逆转录病毒治疗无法根除感染者体内的HIV-1。坏死性凋亡作为一种受调控的细胞死亡形式,可在HIV-1感染的多种免疫细胞中发生,同时HIV-1可通过抑制细胞内坏死相关信号通路逃避细胞死亡的宿命,有利于为病毒潜伏库的形成。此外,坏死性凋亡主要发生在HIV-1感染的细胞中,不会造成近旁未感染细胞的损伤,可能成为靶向清除HIV潜伏库的潜在靶点。本文围绕坏死性凋亡在HIV-1感染细胞中的发生情况和相关机制进行综述,以期为后续开展HIV-1潜伏感染相关机制研究提供参考。