Lentiviral vectors have drawn considerable attention recently and show great promise to become important delivery vehicles for future gene transfer manipulation. In the present study we have optimized a protocol for p...Lentiviral vectors have drawn considerable attention recently and show great promise to become important delivery vehicles for future gene transfer manipulation. In the present study we have optimized a protocol for preparation of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1)-based defective lentiviral vectors (DLV) and characterized these vectors in terms of their transduction of different cells. Transient co-transfection of 293T packaging cells with DNA plasmids encoding lentiviral vector constituents resulted in production of high-titer DLV (0.5-1.2 × 107IU/mL), which can be further concentrated over 100-fold through a single step ultracentrifugation. These vectors were capable of transducing a variety of cells from both primate and non-primate sources and high transduction efficiency was achieved using concentrated vectors. Assessment of potential generation of RCV revealed no detection of infection by infectious particles in DLV-transduced CEM, SupT-1 and MT-2 cells. Long-term culture of transduced cells showed a stable expression of transgenes without apparent alteration in cellular morphology and growth kinetics. Vector mobilization to untransduced cells mediated by wild-type HIV-1 infection was confirmed in this test. Challenge of transduced human T-lymphocytes with wild-type HIV-1 showed these cells are totally resistant to the viral infection. Considering the effective gene transfer and stable gene expression, safety and anti-HIV activity, these DLV vectors warrant further exploration for their potential use as a gene transfer vehicle in the development of gene therapy protocols.展开更多
Background:HIV-1 Vpu acts by counteracting the tethering function of tetherin and resulting in the release of HIV-1 virion.Disrupting Vpu-tetherin interactions may provide a promising new target for antiretroviral the...Background:HIV-1 Vpu acts by counteracting the tethering function of tetherin and resulting in the release of HIV-1 virion.Disrupting Vpu-tetherin interactions may provide a promising new target for antiretroviral therapy.Methods:Polypeptides that covered the amino acid sequence on the interface of Vpu-tetherin complex were designed.Phenotypic susceptibilities and cellular toxicities to the polypeptides were measured.The mechanisms of the anti-HIV-1 polypeptides were determined by the Western blot analysis and laser confocal scanning.Seven 20-mer polypeptides from wild-type Vpu amino acid sequence were designed.Results:We report the design and identification of 3 novel anti-HIV-1 polypeptides that derived from Vpu se-quence which can efficiently inhibit HIV-1 infection.A pilot mechanism study showed that the active polypeptide could counteract Vpu-mediated tetherin downregulation.Laser confocal image scanning study showed that the polypeptides bound on the cell surface with a receptor specific binding manner,which may target tetherin that expressed on cell surface.Conclusion:Our work provided first evidence that counteracting Vpu-mediated tetherin downregulation could be a target for novel anti-HIV-1 drug design.Future works to provide direct evidence of inhibitors interact with teth-erin at atomic resolution and the development of small molecules inhibitors targeting Vpu-tetherin interactions may open a new avenue for novel antiretroviral therapy.展开更多
Despite enormous efforts to achieve the goal of eliminating mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1, it remains a major challenge for many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Mali. Our objective is to assess c...Despite enormous efforts to achieve the goal of eliminating mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1, it remains a major challenge for many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Mali. Our objective is to assess changes in the rate of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1. We conducted a cross-sectional study between January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2018 (10 years) of early diagnosis activity in newborns and children born to HIV-1-positive mothers at the National Institute for Public Health (INSP). The samples came from health and referral centers in mali. All samples were received at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology at the INSP. Proviral DNA extraction was performed from a blood spot sample with a Roche DNA kit, Cobas AmpliPrep/Cobas TaqMan HIV-1 qualitative Test, V2.0 (Roche Molecular System, Inc, USA) following the company procedures. Molecular diagnosis was performed using the same kits using an algorithm of three identical PCRs. The Epi Info version 7 software was used for data analysis with a significance threshold of 5%. A total of 10,714 samples of infants and children born to HIV-positive mothers were analyzed by PCR. Ninety-six percent of mothers were on ARV prophylaxis (AZT 3TC NVP and AZT NVP) and 60% of newborns received the same ARV prophylaxis. Of these children, 956 tested positive with an overall transmission rate of 8.92%, varying between 7.27% in 2009 and 08.01% in 2018. This rate was relatively low among children receiving prophylaxis at 2.04% and remained high for children who received breastfeeding at 5.62%. However, the transmission rate remains low for those who have benefited from mixed and artificial breastfeeding at 1.58% and 1.27% respectively. A significant proportion of children remained infected by their mothers during pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding. This study shows the importance of early diagnosis of HIV in children using molecular technology.展开更多
The emergence of antiretroviral resistance mutations represents a major threat to the achievement of national and global goals for the elimination of HIV-1 infection. The global strategy in 2019 in Cte d'Ivoire is...The emergence of antiretroviral resistance mutations represents a major threat to the achievement of national and global goals for the elimination of HIV-1 infection. The global strategy in 2019 in Cte d'Ivoire is a new national policy for the management of people living with HIV with the administration of dolutegravir (DTG)-based fixed-dose combination. The aim of our study was to evaluate HIV-1 resistance to antiretrovirals (ARVs) in infected adult subjects in Cte d’Ivoire in the context of a systematic switch to a DTG-based combination. Between February 2022 and October 2023, a cross-sectional survey with random sampling was conducted in 06 services caring for people living with HIV. A total of 139 participants were included in the study. Adults with a viral load ≥ 1000 copies/mL were tested for HIV-1 ARV resistance mutations. Molecular analyses were performed using protocol of ANRS-MIE (National Agency for Research on AIDS and emerging infectious diseases). The interpretation is performed by HIVGRAD (https://www.hiv-grade.de/cms/grade/). The frequencies of HIV-1 resistance to non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), integrase inhibitors (IINTs) and protease inhibitors (PIs) were 82%, 73%, 19% and 11% respectively. The main mutations observed in the different classes were K103N (45%), M184V (64%), E157Q (19%) and L10V/M46I/A71V/I54V (6%) respectively. This study reveals the emergence of resistance to DTG-based fixed-dose combinations, favored by high rates of resistance to NRTIs and NNRTIs. This finding underlines the need for enhanced viral load monitoring and HIV-1 genotyping tests to guide the choice of NRTIs for combination therapy. In addition, monitoring for mutations to second-generation NRTIs is essential, given the scale-up of DTG-based regimens currently underway in Cte d’Ivoire.展开更多
Introduction: HIV, the human immunodeficiency virus, is the etiological agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The aim of this study was to assess the evolution of the viral load in patients under treatme...Introduction: HIV, the human immunodeficiency virus, is the etiological agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The aim of this study was to assess the evolution of the viral load in patients under treatment. Methodology: This was a study carried out from July 2017 to June 2022 at the Point G University Hospital laboratory. The determination of the viral load of patients was carried out by PCR on the ABOTT M2000sp/rt platform. Results: A total of 129 patients infected with HIV-1, aged 19 to 72 years with a mean age of 40.05 years ± 10.71;all on antiretroviral chemotherapy. The female gender predominated among our patients. The most common treatment regimen was 2INTI + 1INNTI with 72.9% followed by 2INTI + 1INI with 13.2%. As for the combinations of molecules, the combination TDF + 3TC + EFV and TDF + 3TC + DTG predominated, respectively 65.1% and 13.2%. 89.9% of our patients had undetectable viremia after 12 months of treatment (p < 0.005) with an average viral load which had evolved from 681315.65 copies/ml ± 1616908.484 to M0 at 5742.36 copies /ml ± 35756.883 at M12 (p Conclusion: Generally speaking, antiretroviral treatment had contributed to controlling viral loads, however the therapeutic combination TDF + 3TC + DTG had made it possible to obtain more patients with undetectable viremia instead.展开更多
The northern pig-tailed macaque （Macaca leonina） has been identified as an independent species of Old World monkey, and we previously found that PBMCs from M. leonina were susceptible to human immunodeficiency virus...The northern pig-tailed macaque （Macaca leonina） has been identified as an independent species of Old World monkey, and we previously found that PBMCs from M. leonina were susceptible to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 （HIV-1）, which may be due to the absence of a TRIM5 protein restricting HIV-1 replication. Here we investigated the infection potentials of six laboratory adapted HIV-1 strains and three primary HIV-1 isolates in PBMCs from M. leonina. The results indicate that these strains are characterized by various but low replication levels, and among which, HIV-INL4-3 shows the highest replication ability. Based on the abundant evidence of species-specific interactions between restriction factors APOBEC3 and HIV/SIV-derived Vif protein, we subsequently examined the replication potentials of v/f-substituted HIV-1 （HSIV） in M. leonina PBMCs. Notably, HSIV-vifmac and stHIV-lsv chimeras, two HIV-1Ni.4-3-derived viruses encoding the viral infectivity factor （Vif） protein from SIVmac239, replicated robustly in cells from M. leonina, which suggests that HSIV could effectively antagonize the antiviral activity of APOBEC3 proteins expressed in cells of M. leonina. Therefore, our data demonstrate that M. leonina has the potential to be developed into a promising animal model for human AIDS.展开更多
The cellular protein tetherin tethers the HIV-1 viral particles on the cellular membrane to inhibit the replication of HIV-1.However,the HIV-1 accessory protein Vpu counteracts the antiviral function of tetherin.In th...The cellular protein tetherin tethers the HIV-1 viral particles on the cellular membrane to inhibit the replication of HIV-1.However,the HIV-1 accessory protein Vpu counteracts the antiviral function of tetherin.In this study,two retroviral vector plasmids were constructed.One inhibited the vpu gene expression;the other one over-expressed the tetherin.Both retroviral vector plasmids could be packaged in the packaging cell line PT67 to obtain the corresponding retroviruses.The retroviral vector plasmids' functions of tetherin over-expression or vpu-RNAi were detected at the cell level.Retroviral vector plasmids were transfected to PT67 cells at different ratios from 0T3V to 3T0V,and then mixed retroviruses were harvested.The antiviral functions of mixed retroviruses were detected in HIV-1 infected TZM-bl cells.The results showed that packaged mixed retroviruses could repress the replication of HIV-1 in TZM-bl cells.展开更多
HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTLs) and neutralizing antibodies(NAbs) are present during chronic infection, but the relative contributions of these effector mechanisms to viral containment remain unclear. Her...HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTLs) and neutralizing antibodies(NAbs) are present during chronic infection, but the relative contributions of these effector mechanisms to viral containment remain unclear. Here, using an in vitro model involving autologous CD4+ T cells,primary HIV-1 isolates, HIV-1-specific CTLs, and neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, we show that b12, a potent and broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody to HIV-1, was able to block viral infection when preincubated with virus prior to infection, but was much less effective than CTLs at limiting virus replication when added to infected cell cultures. However, the same neutralizing antibody was able to contain viruses by antibody-dependent cell-mediated virus inhibition in vitro,which was mediated by natural killer cells(NKs) and dependent on an Fc-Fc receptor interaction.Meanwhile, bulk CTLs from HIV-1 controllers were more effective in suppression of virus replication than those from progressors. These findings indicate that control of HIV-1 replication in activated CD4^+ T cells is ineffectively mediated by neutralizing antibodies alone, but that both CTLs and antibody-dependent NK-mediated immune mechanisms contribute to viral containment. Our study systemically compared three major players in controlling HIV-1 infection, CTLs, NAbs, and NKs, in an autologous system and highlighted the multifactorial mechanisms for viral containment and vaccine success.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effects of flower,leaf,shoot and root extracts of seven Artemisia species on peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)toxicity and HIV-1 replication.Methods:The studied Artemisia species w...Objective:To investigate the effects of flower,leaf,shoot and root extracts of seven Artemisia species on peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)toxicity and HIV-1 replication.Methods:The studied Artemisia species were Artemisia absinthium,Artemisia khorasanica,Artemisia deserti,Artemisia fragrans,Artemisia aucheri,Artemisia sieberi and Artemisia vulgaris.The activity of these plant extracts on HIV-1 replication and CD4 expression was performed by HIV-1 p24 antigen kit and flow cytometry respectively.Results:The results demonstrated that flower extracts of all species increased PBMCs number more than shoot,leaf and root extracts.However,the frequency of CD4 expression in PBMC was not increased in the presence of all flower extracts.The flower extracts of all species had inhibitory effect on HIV-1 replication.Conclusions:In conclusion,the results demonstrated that flower extracts of Artemisia species are good candidates for further studies as anticancer agents.展开更多
Decisive modulatory systems of compromise and systems of dynamic turnover in lymphoid cells and macrophages are activated by repeated bursts of viremia and as promotional schemes of representation of subsequent spread...Decisive modulatory systems of compromise and systems of dynamic turnover in lymphoid cells and macrophages are activated by repeated bursts of viremia and as promotional schemes of representation of subsequent spread and replication of HIV-1. In such operative systems of micro-environmental conditioning and reconditioning, a significant mechanism towards the turnover of specific cell-types occurs within context of sequestration within macrophages and circulating monocytes. Dendritic cells in germinal follicles and within specific organs such as the Langerhans cells of the skin are allied to dysfunctionality of such cellular subtypes as exemplified by the resident microglia of the central nervous system. Decisive perturbation in cell-type number and in dysfunctional activation indicate an exquisite modulatory role for HIV-1 in promoting homeostatic-related mechanisms within organs and tissues towards utilization in terms of viral dynamics and cytokine operability. In such manner, HIV-1 replication is itself a system of promotion in spread of viruses across cell-type and host cell specificities that tend to characterize and recharacterize systems of cytokine network operability in particular.展开更多
目的对保定市新发现的1株pol区不能明确分型的HIV-1毒株(BD226AJ)进行近似全长基因组扩增,并分析其亚型、重组模式和基因特点。方法提取患者血浆中HIV-1RNA并逆转录为cDNA,使用近末端稀释法分2段对其进行近似全长基因组扩增并测序。使用...目的对保定市新发现的1株pol区不能明确分型的HIV-1毒株(BD226AJ)进行近似全长基因组扩增,并分析其亚型、重组模式和基因特点。方法提取患者血浆中HIV-1RNA并逆转录为cDNA,使用近末端稀释法分2段对其进行近似全长基因组扩增并测序。使用jpHMM和SimPlot 3.5软件对近似全长基因组序列进行重组模式和重组断点分析,采用MEGA 6.0软件分片段构建Neighbor-joining系统进化树进一步确认重组断点的准确性。构建该近似全长基因组序列及各亚型片段Neighbor-joining系统进化树,分析该毒株的亲本来源。结果经过近似全长基因组扩增、测序、序列拼接后,获得1条长度为8830 bp的HIV-1近似全长基因组序列。重组分析结果显示,该序列是由CRF01_AE和B亚型重组形成的,其近似全长基因组序列被3个断点分成了4个亚型片段,分别为ICRF01_AE(HXB2,823—4224 nt)、Ⅱ_(B)(HXB2,4225—5991 nt)、ⅢCRF01_AE(HX B2,5992—9295 nt)、ⅣB(HXB2,9296—9406 nt)。各亚型基因片段的系统进化树分析进一步表明该序列的可能亲本来源为CRF01_AE和B亚型。HIV BLAST的结果显示,该序列与CRF112_01B的相似性为96%,系统进化树分析进一步验证该序列与北京市男男性行为者(men who have sex with men,MSM)中的CRF112_01B序列聚集。结论本研究在保定市MSM人群中发现了1例由CRF01_AE和B亚型重组的新型重组毒株CRF112_01B,提示HIV-1CRF112_01B已通过MSM人群传入河北,并开始在保定市传播,因此加强该亚型或者类似新型毒株的监测,对有关部门采取针对性防控措施和遏制新型重组毒株在本地区的传播和流行具有重要意义。展开更多
基金National Institute of Health (S11 NS43499)RCMI (G12RR/AI03061, USA. )
文摘Lentiviral vectors have drawn considerable attention recently and show great promise to become important delivery vehicles for future gene transfer manipulation. In the present study we have optimized a protocol for preparation of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1)-based defective lentiviral vectors (DLV) and characterized these vectors in terms of their transduction of different cells. Transient co-transfection of 293T packaging cells with DNA plasmids encoding lentiviral vector constituents resulted in production of high-titer DLV (0.5-1.2 × 107IU/mL), which can be further concentrated over 100-fold through a single step ultracentrifugation. These vectors were capable of transducing a variety of cells from both primate and non-primate sources and high transduction efficiency was achieved using concentrated vectors. Assessment of potential generation of RCV revealed no detection of infection by infectious particles in DLV-transduced CEM, SupT-1 and MT-2 cells. Long-term culture of transduced cells showed a stable expression of transgenes without apparent alteration in cellular morphology and growth kinetics. Vector mobilization to untransduced cells mediated by wild-type HIV-1 infection was confirmed in this test. Challenge of transduced human T-lymphocytes with wild-type HIV-1 showed these cells are totally resistant to the viral infection. Considering the effective gene transfer and stable gene expression, safety and anti-HIV activity, these DLV vectors warrant further exploration for their potential use as a gene transfer vehicle in the development of gene therapy protocols.
文摘Background:HIV-1 Vpu acts by counteracting the tethering function of tetherin and resulting in the release of HIV-1 virion.Disrupting Vpu-tetherin interactions may provide a promising new target for antiretroviral therapy.Methods:Polypeptides that covered the amino acid sequence on the interface of Vpu-tetherin complex were designed.Phenotypic susceptibilities and cellular toxicities to the polypeptides were measured.The mechanisms of the anti-HIV-1 polypeptides were determined by the Western blot analysis and laser confocal scanning.Seven 20-mer polypeptides from wild-type Vpu amino acid sequence were designed.Results:We report the design and identification of 3 novel anti-HIV-1 polypeptides that derived from Vpu se-quence which can efficiently inhibit HIV-1 infection.A pilot mechanism study showed that the active polypeptide could counteract Vpu-mediated tetherin downregulation.Laser confocal image scanning study showed that the polypeptides bound on the cell surface with a receptor specific binding manner,which may target tetherin that expressed on cell surface.Conclusion:Our work provided first evidence that counteracting Vpu-mediated tetherin downregulation could be a target for novel anti-HIV-1 drug design.Future works to provide direct evidence of inhibitors interact with teth-erin at atomic resolution and the development of small molecules inhibitors targeting Vpu-tetherin interactions may open a new avenue for novel antiretroviral therapy.
文摘Despite enormous efforts to achieve the goal of eliminating mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1, it remains a major challenge for many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Mali. Our objective is to assess changes in the rate of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1. We conducted a cross-sectional study between January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2018 (10 years) of early diagnosis activity in newborns and children born to HIV-1-positive mothers at the National Institute for Public Health (INSP). The samples came from health and referral centers in mali. All samples were received at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology at the INSP. Proviral DNA extraction was performed from a blood spot sample with a Roche DNA kit, Cobas AmpliPrep/Cobas TaqMan HIV-1 qualitative Test, V2.0 (Roche Molecular System, Inc, USA) following the company procedures. Molecular diagnosis was performed using the same kits using an algorithm of three identical PCRs. The Epi Info version 7 software was used for data analysis with a significance threshold of 5%. A total of 10,714 samples of infants and children born to HIV-positive mothers were analyzed by PCR. Ninety-six percent of mothers were on ARV prophylaxis (AZT 3TC NVP and AZT NVP) and 60% of newborns received the same ARV prophylaxis. Of these children, 956 tested positive with an overall transmission rate of 8.92%, varying between 7.27% in 2009 and 08.01% in 2018. This rate was relatively low among children receiving prophylaxis at 2.04% and remained high for children who received breastfeeding at 5.62%. However, the transmission rate remains low for those who have benefited from mixed and artificial breastfeeding at 1.58% and 1.27% respectively. A significant proportion of children remained infected by their mothers during pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding. This study shows the importance of early diagnosis of HIV in children using molecular technology.
文摘The emergence of antiretroviral resistance mutations represents a major threat to the achievement of national and global goals for the elimination of HIV-1 infection. The global strategy in 2019 in Cte d'Ivoire is a new national policy for the management of people living with HIV with the administration of dolutegravir (DTG)-based fixed-dose combination. The aim of our study was to evaluate HIV-1 resistance to antiretrovirals (ARVs) in infected adult subjects in Cte d’Ivoire in the context of a systematic switch to a DTG-based combination. Between February 2022 and October 2023, a cross-sectional survey with random sampling was conducted in 06 services caring for people living with HIV. A total of 139 participants were included in the study. Adults with a viral load ≥ 1000 copies/mL were tested for HIV-1 ARV resistance mutations. Molecular analyses were performed using protocol of ANRS-MIE (National Agency for Research on AIDS and emerging infectious diseases). The interpretation is performed by HIVGRAD (https://www.hiv-grade.de/cms/grade/). The frequencies of HIV-1 resistance to non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), integrase inhibitors (IINTs) and protease inhibitors (PIs) were 82%, 73%, 19% and 11% respectively. The main mutations observed in the different classes were K103N (45%), M184V (64%), E157Q (19%) and L10V/M46I/A71V/I54V (6%) respectively. This study reveals the emergence of resistance to DTG-based fixed-dose combinations, favored by high rates of resistance to NRTIs and NNRTIs. This finding underlines the need for enhanced viral load monitoring and HIV-1 genotyping tests to guide the choice of NRTIs for combination therapy. In addition, monitoring for mutations to second-generation NRTIs is essential, given the scale-up of DTG-based regimens currently underway in Cte d’Ivoire.
文摘Introduction: HIV, the human immunodeficiency virus, is the etiological agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The aim of this study was to assess the evolution of the viral load in patients under treatment. Methodology: This was a study carried out from July 2017 to June 2022 at the Point G University Hospital laboratory. The determination of the viral load of patients was carried out by PCR on the ABOTT M2000sp/rt platform. Results: A total of 129 patients infected with HIV-1, aged 19 to 72 years with a mean age of 40.05 years ± 10.71;all on antiretroviral chemotherapy. The female gender predominated among our patients. The most common treatment regimen was 2INTI + 1INNTI with 72.9% followed by 2INTI + 1INI with 13.2%. As for the combinations of molecules, the combination TDF + 3TC + EFV and TDF + 3TC + DTG predominated, respectively 65.1% and 13.2%. 89.9% of our patients had undetectable viremia after 12 months of treatment (p < 0.005) with an average viral load which had evolved from 681315.65 copies/ml ± 1616908.484 to M0 at 5742.36 copies /ml ± 35756.883 at M12 (p Conclusion: Generally speaking, antiretroviral treatment had contributed to controlling viral loads, however the therapeutic combination TDF + 3TC + DTG had made it possible to obtain more patients with undetectable viremia instead.
基金Foundation items： This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program （2012CBA01305） the National Natural Science Foundation of China （81172876, U0832601, 81273251 and U 1202228） the Knowledge Innovation Program of CAS （KSCX2-EW-R-13, Y206A- 71181）, and the Key Scientific and Technological Program of China （2012ZX10001-007, 2013ZX10001-002）. Acknowledgements： We thank Prof. Guang-Xia GAO （Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences） for kindly providing HSIV proviral plasmids.We also thank Long-Bao LV, Gui LI and Dong- Ti HUANG of Kunming Primate Research Center for their assistance in obtaining blood samples from northem pig-tailed macaques （M. leonina） and Chinese rhesus macaques.
文摘The northern pig-tailed macaque （Macaca leonina） has been identified as an independent species of Old World monkey, and we previously found that PBMCs from M. leonina were susceptible to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 （HIV-1）, which may be due to the absence of a TRIM5 protein restricting HIV-1 replication. Here we investigated the infection potentials of six laboratory adapted HIV-1 strains and three primary HIV-1 isolates in PBMCs from M. leonina. The results indicate that these strains are characterized by various but low replication levels, and among which, HIV-INL4-3 shows the highest replication ability. Based on the abundant evidence of species-specific interactions between restriction factors APOBEC3 and HIV/SIV-derived Vif protein, we subsequently examined the replication potentials of v/f-substituted HIV-1 （HSIV） in M. leonina PBMCs. Notably, HSIV-vifmac and stHIV-lsv chimeras, two HIV-1Ni.4-3-derived viruses encoding the viral infectivity factor （Vif） protein from SIVmac239, replicated robustly in cells from M. leonina, which suggests that HSIV could effectively antagonize the antiviral activity of APOBEC3 proteins expressed in cells of M. leonina. Therefore, our data demonstrate that M. leonina has the potential to be developed into a promising animal model for human AIDS.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81101245,30970162)The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(65011871)National Training Programs of Innovation for Undergraduates(111005505)
文摘The cellular protein tetherin tethers the HIV-1 viral particles on the cellular membrane to inhibit the replication of HIV-1.However,the HIV-1 accessory protein Vpu counteracts the antiviral function of tetherin.In this study,two retroviral vector plasmids were constructed.One inhibited the vpu gene expression;the other one over-expressed the tetherin.Both retroviral vector plasmids could be packaged in the packaging cell line PT67 to obtain the corresponding retroviruses.The retroviral vector plasmids' functions of tetherin over-expression or vpu-RNAi were detected at the cell level.Retroviral vector plasmids were transfected to PT67 cells at different ratios from 0T3V to 3T0V,and then mixed retroviruses were harvested.The antiviral functions of mixed retroviruses were detected in HIV-1 infected TZM-bl cells.The results showed that packaged mixed retroviruses could repress the replication of HIV-1 in TZM-bl cells.
基金supported by the Fund for Jiangsu Specially-Appointed Professor(2014JSTPJS-53)the Innovation Fund from National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention,China CDC,Capital Medical University Key Laboratory Project(2-03-02-BJYAH 2016006)China’s 12th Five-Year Major Project on the Prevention and Treatment of AIDS
文摘HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTLs) and neutralizing antibodies(NAbs) are present during chronic infection, but the relative contributions of these effector mechanisms to viral containment remain unclear. Here, using an in vitro model involving autologous CD4+ T cells,primary HIV-1 isolates, HIV-1-specific CTLs, and neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, we show that b12, a potent and broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody to HIV-1, was able to block viral infection when preincubated with virus prior to infection, but was much less effective than CTLs at limiting virus replication when added to infected cell cultures. However, the same neutralizing antibody was able to contain viruses by antibody-dependent cell-mediated virus inhibition in vitro,which was mediated by natural killer cells(NKs) and dependent on an Fc-Fc receptor interaction.Meanwhile, bulk CTLs from HIV-1 controllers were more effective in suppression of virus replication than those from progressors. These findings indicate that control of HIV-1 replication in activated CD4^+ T cells is ineffectively mediated by neutralizing antibodies alone, but that both CTLs and antibody-dependent NK-mediated immune mechanisms contribute to viral containment. Our study systemically compared three major players in controlling HIV-1 infection, CTLs, NAbs, and NKs, in an autologous system and highlighted the multifactorial mechanisms for viral containment and vaccine success.
基金Supported by the grant(91/82779)from the University of Isfahan,Iran.
文摘Objective:To investigate the effects of flower,leaf,shoot and root extracts of seven Artemisia species on peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)toxicity and HIV-1 replication.Methods:The studied Artemisia species were Artemisia absinthium,Artemisia khorasanica,Artemisia deserti,Artemisia fragrans,Artemisia aucheri,Artemisia sieberi and Artemisia vulgaris.The activity of these plant extracts on HIV-1 replication and CD4 expression was performed by HIV-1 p24 antigen kit and flow cytometry respectively.Results:The results demonstrated that flower extracts of all species increased PBMCs number more than shoot,leaf and root extracts.However,the frequency of CD4 expression in PBMC was not increased in the presence of all flower extracts.The flower extracts of all species had inhibitory effect on HIV-1 replication.Conclusions:In conclusion,the results demonstrated that flower extracts of Artemisia species are good candidates for further studies as anticancer agents.
文摘Decisive modulatory systems of compromise and systems of dynamic turnover in lymphoid cells and macrophages are activated by repeated bursts of viremia and as promotional schemes of representation of subsequent spread and replication of HIV-1. In such operative systems of micro-environmental conditioning and reconditioning, a significant mechanism towards the turnover of specific cell-types occurs within context of sequestration within macrophages and circulating monocytes. Dendritic cells in germinal follicles and within specific organs such as the Langerhans cells of the skin are allied to dysfunctionality of such cellular subtypes as exemplified by the resident microglia of the central nervous system. Decisive perturbation in cell-type number and in dysfunctional activation indicate an exquisite modulatory role for HIV-1 in promoting homeostatic-related mechanisms within organs and tissues towards utilization in terms of viral dynamics and cytokine operability. In such manner, HIV-1 replication is itself a system of promotion in spread of viruses across cell-type and host cell specificities that tend to characterize and recharacterize systems of cytokine network operability in particular.
文摘目的对保定市新发现的1株pol区不能明确分型的HIV-1毒株(BD226AJ)进行近似全长基因组扩增,并分析其亚型、重组模式和基因特点。方法提取患者血浆中HIV-1RNA并逆转录为cDNA,使用近末端稀释法分2段对其进行近似全长基因组扩增并测序。使用jpHMM和SimPlot 3.5软件对近似全长基因组序列进行重组模式和重组断点分析,采用MEGA 6.0软件分片段构建Neighbor-joining系统进化树进一步确认重组断点的准确性。构建该近似全长基因组序列及各亚型片段Neighbor-joining系统进化树,分析该毒株的亲本来源。结果经过近似全长基因组扩增、测序、序列拼接后,获得1条长度为8830 bp的HIV-1近似全长基因组序列。重组分析结果显示,该序列是由CRF01_AE和B亚型重组形成的,其近似全长基因组序列被3个断点分成了4个亚型片段,分别为ICRF01_AE(HXB2,823—4224 nt)、Ⅱ_(B)(HXB2,4225—5991 nt)、ⅢCRF01_AE(HX B2,5992—9295 nt)、ⅣB(HXB2,9296—9406 nt)。各亚型基因片段的系统进化树分析进一步表明该序列的可能亲本来源为CRF01_AE和B亚型。HIV BLAST的结果显示,该序列与CRF112_01B的相似性为96%,系统进化树分析进一步验证该序列与北京市男男性行为者(men who have sex with men,MSM)中的CRF112_01B序列聚集。结论本研究在保定市MSM人群中发现了1例由CRF01_AE和B亚型重组的新型重组毒株CRF112_01B,提示HIV-1CRF112_01B已通过MSM人群传入河北,并开始在保定市传播,因此加强该亚型或者类似新型毒株的监测,对有关部门采取针对性防控措施和遏制新型重组毒株在本地区的传播和流行具有重要意义。
