Objective To screen antigen targets for immunotherapy by analyzing over-expressed genes,and to identify significant pathways and molecular mechanisms in esophageal cancer by using bioinformatic methods such as enrichm...Objective To screen antigen targets for immunotherapy by analyzing over-expressed genes,and to identify significant pathways and molecular mechanisms in esophageal cancer by using bioinformatic methods such as enrichment analysis,protein-protein interaction(PPI)network,and survival analysis based on the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database.Methods By screening with highly expressed genes,we mainly analyzed proteins MUC13 and EPCAM with transmembrane domain and antigen epitope from TMHMM and IEDB websites.Significant genes and pathways associated with the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer were identified using enrichment analysis,PPI network,and survival analysis.Several software and platforms including Prism 8,R language,Cytoscape,DAVID,STRING,and GEPIA platform were used in the search and/or figure creation.Results Genes MUC13 and EPCAM were over-expressed with several antigen epitopes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)tissue.Enrichment analysis revealed that the process of keratinization was focused and a series of genes were related with the development of esophageal cancer.Four genes including ALDH3A1,C2,SLC6A1,and ZBTB7C were screened with significant P value of survival curve.Conclusions Genes MUC13 and EPCAM may be promising antigen targets or biomarkers for esophageal cancer.Keratinization may greatly impact the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer.Genes ALDH3A1,C2,SLC6A1,and ZBTB7C may play important roles in the development of esophageal cancer.展开更多
Donor human leukocyte antigen(HLA)-specific antibodies(DSA) play an important role in solid organ transplantation. Preexisting IgG isotype DSA are considered a risk factor for antibody mediated rejection, graft failur...Donor human leukocyte antigen(HLA)-specific antibodies(DSA) play an important role in solid organ transplantation. Preexisting IgG isotype DSA are considered a risk factor for antibody mediated rejection, graft failure or graft loss. The post-transplant development of DSA depends on multiple factors including immunogenicity of mismatched antigens, HLA class Ⅱ typing of the recipient, cytokine gene polymorphisms, and cellular immunoregulatory mechanisms. De novo developed antibodies require special attention because not all DSA have equal clinical significance. Therefore, it is important for transplant clinicians and transplant immunologists to accurately characterize DSA. In this review, the contemporary immunological techniques for detection and characterization of anti-HLA antibodies and their pitfalls are described.展开更多
A fundamental goal in cellular signaling is to understand allosteric communication, the process by which sig-nals originating at one site in a protein propagate reliably to affect distant functional sites. The general...A fundamental goal in cellular signaling is to understand allosteric communication, the process by which sig-nals originating at one site in a protein propagate reliably to affect distant functional sites. The general principles of protein structure that underlie this process remain unknown. Statistical coupling analysis （SCA） is a statistical technique that uses evolutionary data of a protein family to measure correlation between distant functional sites and suggests allosteric communication. In proteins, very distant and small interactions between collections of amino acids provide the communication which can be important for signaling process. In this paper, we present the SCA of protein alignment of the esterase family （pfam ID： PF00756） containing the sequence of antigen 85C secreted by Mycobacterium tuberculosis to identify a subset of interacting residues. Clustering analysis of the pairwise correlation highlighted seven important residue positions in the esterase family alignments. These resi-dues were then mapped on the crystal structure of antigen 85C （PDB ID： 1DQZ）. The mapping revealed corre-lation between 3 distant residues （Asp38, Leu123 and Met125） and suggests allosteric communication between them. This information can be used for a new drug against this fatal disease.展开更多
Objective:To observe the effects of immunosuppressants triptolide(TL)and cyclosporineA(CSA)on HLA antigens expression induced by interferon-γ（INF-γ）in vitro.Method:By using an indirect immunofluorescent method and...Objective:To observe the effects of immunosuppressants triptolide(TL)and cyclosporineA(CSA)on HLA antigens expression induced by interferon-γ（INF-γ）in vitro.Method:By using an indirect immunofluorescent method and analysing with ACAS-570,the abnormal HLA antigen expression of cultured corneal epithelial cells was induced by INF-γ，After incubation with one of the immunosuppressants(CSA,TL) for72hrs.the amount of HLA-ABCand HLA-DRantigens was measured.Result:There was no significant difference(P>0.05)between the group with CAS and the positive control group without CAS.In contrast to CSA,TL dramatically inhibited INF-γinduced expression of HLA antigens of corneal epithelial cells(P<0.001),compared with the control group withoutTL.Conclusion:TL had direct inhibition on the expression of HLA-ABCand HLA-DRantige ns induced by INF-γin vitro,while CSAhad no obvious inhibition,Eye Science2000;16:34-37.展开更多
AIM:To assess the effect of human leukocyte antigen(HLA) mismatching on liver graft outcome and acute rejection from a meta-analysis of available cohort studies.METHODS:Articles in PubMed/MEDLINE,EMBASE and the Cochra...AIM:To assess the effect of human leukocyte antigen(HLA) mismatching on liver graft outcome and acute rejection from a meta-analysis of available cohort studies.METHODS:Articles in PubMed/MEDLINE,EMBASE and the Cochrane database from January 1970 to June 2009,including non-English literature identified in these databases,were searched.Only studies comparing HLA or sub-phenotype matching with mismatching were extracted.The percentage of graft survival was extracted by "Engauge Digitizer" from survival curves if the raw data were not displayed.A meta-analysis was performed when at least 3 studies provided data.RESULTS:Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria.A lower number of HLA mismatches(0-2 vs 3-6) did reduce the incidence of acute rejection(relative risk:0.77,P = 0.03).The degree of HLA mismatching(0-2 vs 3-6) had no significant effect on 1-year [hazard ratio(HR):1.04,P = 0.68] and 5-year(HR:1.09,P = 0.38) graft survival.In sub-phenotype analysis,the degree of HLA-A,B and DR mismatching(0 vs 1-2) had no significant effect on 1-year and 5-year graft survival,either.The HRs and P-values were 0.95,0.71(HLA-A,1-year);1.06,0.60(HLA-A,5-year);0.77,0.16(HLA-B,1-year);1.07,0.56(HLA-DR,1-year);1.18,0.23(HLADR,5-year),respectively.CONCLUSION:The results of this systematic review imply that good HLA compatibility can reduce the incidence of acute rejection in spite of having no influence on graft outcomes.To obtain a short recovery time and minimize rejection post transplantation,HLA matching studies should be considered before the operation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatic metastases are common and difficult to treat after colorectal cancer(CRC)surgery.The predictive value of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),cancer antigen(CA)125 and CA19-9 combined tests for liver metas...BACKGROUND Hepatic metastases are common and difficult to treat after colorectal cancer(CRC)surgery.The predictive value of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),cancer antigen(CA)125 and CA19-9 combined tests for liver metastasis is unclear.AIM To evaluate predictive value of combined tests for CEA,CA125,and CA19-9 levels in patients with liver metastases of CRC.METHODS The retrospective study included patients with CRC alone(50 cases)and patients with CRC combined with liver metastases(50 cases)who were hospitalized between January 2021 and January 2023.Serum CEA,CA125 and CA19-9 levels were compared between the two groups,and binary logistic regression was used to analyze the predictive value of the combination of these tumor markers in liver metastasis.In addition,we performed receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis to assess its diagnostic accuracy.RESULTS The results showed that the serum CEA,CA125 and CA19-9 levels in the CRC with liver metastasis group were significantly higher than those in the CRC alone group.Specifically,the average serum CEA level in the CRC with liver metastasis group was 162.03±810.01 ng/mL,while that in the CRC alone group was 5.71±9.76 ng/mL;the average serum CA125 levels were 43.47±83.52 U/mL respectively.and 13.5±19.68 U/mL;the average serum CA19-9 levels were 184.46±473.13 U/mL and 26.55±43.96 U/mL respectively.In addition,binary logistic regression analysis showed that CA125 was significant in predicting CRC liver metastasis(P<0.05).ROC curve analysis results showed that the areas under the ROC curves of CEA,CA125 and CA19-9 were 0.607,0.692 and 0.586.CONCLUSION These results suggest that combined detection of these tumor markers may help early detection and intervention of CRC liver metastasis,thereby improving patient prognosis.展开更多
Dear Editor： Anti-sperm antibodies （ASAs） are composed of numerous antibodies interacting with multiple sperm antigens that play a role in fertility. In males, ASAs cause ＇immune infertility＇ by decreasing sperm ...Dear Editor： Anti-sperm antibodies （ASAs） are composed of numerous antibodies interacting with multiple sperm antigens that play a role in fertility. In males, ASAs cause ＇immune infertility＇ by decreasing sperm counts and normal forms, as well as reducing sperm motility and viability, markedly reducing the likelihood of natural conception. The development of ASA in the male depends on the release of sequestered antigens on germ cells following the disruption of the blood-testis barrier.展开更多
The proliferative response of T-cells to autolo-gous non-T-cells is referred to as the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR). Recent studies have suggested that AMLR represents a mechanism of immune regulation i...The proliferative response of T-cells to autolo-gous non-T-cells is referred to as the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR). Recent studies have suggested that AMLR represents a mechanism of immune regulation in vivo. We investigated AMLR in patients with acute- and chronic myeloid leukemia (AML and CML). AMLR was found to be significantly depressed (P<0.001) in AML patients (n=17, cpm=532±95) and CML patients (n=13, cpm=688±99) when compared with that of their healthy HLA-identical siblings serving as controls (n=17, cpm=4152±619 and n=13 cpm=4086±421, respectively). In order to understand the cellular basis of the defective AMLR in patients with AML end CML, we performed mitogen-treated T-cell cultures analysis of T-cell subsets and HLA-Ⅱ antigen detection on monocytes. The results indicated that the defect of AMLR in patients resided at the stimulator monocyte level rather than at the responder T-cell level. Enumeration of monocytes reactive with monoclonal antibody Tu22, which recognizes determinants of HLA-DQ, demonstrated that ML patients had a significantly decreased (P<0.091) number of circulating Tu22+ monocytes when compared with normal controls. These studies suggest that a deficiency of HLA-DQ+ monocytes contributes to the depression of AMLR in ML and possibly underlies the abnormalities of immune response present in this disease.展开更多
Thirty patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Haradas disease were typed for HLA-A and HLA-B antigenic determinants by a microlymphocytotoxicity technique. HLA-B22 antigen showed an increased frequency of 43.3% in the patient gr...Thirty patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Haradas disease were typed for HLA-A and HLA-B antigenic determinants by a microlymphocytotoxicity technique. HLA-B22 antigen showed an increased frequency of 43.3% in the patient group(relative risk=8.69; exact P<0.0001; corrected P<0.0025) compared with normal control group(frequency=7.69%). This association suggests that immunogenetic factor may play an important role in the pathogenesis of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada's disease.展开更多
Objectives: In order to investigate the role of mono-cytes and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II an-tigen in herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) infection, westudied the effect of HSV-2 infection in vitro on theexpres...Objectives: In order to investigate the role of mono-cytes and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II an-tigen in herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) infection, westudied the effect of HSV-2 infection in vitro on theexpression of HLA class II antigen on monocytes.Methods: Monocytes were infected with HSV-2(Strain 333). Culture cells were collected 1, 3, 5 and 7days after infection. The levels of expression of HLAclass II antigen were measured by using alkaline phos-phatase antialkaline phosphatase method (APAAP).Results: The levels of the expression of HLA class IIantigen on monocytes significantly decreased on thefirst day of post-infection, and then gradually returnedto levels found in the controls by the 7th day post-infection.Conclusion: HLA class II antigen expression onmonocytes was inhibited with HSV-2 infection, whichmight be one means of virus escape at an early phase.The expression of HLA class II antigen may play animportant role in herpes simplex viurs-2 pathogenic-ity and immunity.展开更多
文摘Objective To screen antigen targets for immunotherapy by analyzing over-expressed genes,and to identify significant pathways and molecular mechanisms in esophageal cancer by using bioinformatic methods such as enrichment analysis,protein-protein interaction(PPI)network,and survival analysis based on the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database.Methods By screening with highly expressed genes,we mainly analyzed proteins MUC13 and EPCAM with transmembrane domain and antigen epitope from TMHMM and IEDB websites.Significant genes and pathways associated with the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer were identified using enrichment analysis,PPI network,and survival analysis.Several software and platforms including Prism 8,R language,Cytoscape,DAVID,STRING,and GEPIA platform were used in the search and/or figure creation.Results Genes MUC13 and EPCAM were over-expressed with several antigen epitopes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)tissue.Enrichment analysis revealed that the process of keratinization was focused and a series of genes were related with the development of esophageal cancer.Four genes including ALDH3A1,C2,SLC6A1,and ZBTB7C were screened with significant P value of survival curve.Conclusions Genes MUC13 and EPCAM may be promising antigen targets or biomarkers for esophageal cancer.Keratinization may greatly impact the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer.Genes ALDH3A1,C2,SLC6A1,and ZBTB7C may play important roles in the development of esophageal cancer.
文摘目的探讨人类白细胞抗原(human leukocyte antigen,HLA)基因多态性与乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染的相关性。方法收集云南省昆明市延安医院健康体检者静脉血样本501例,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测HBV二对半,根据HBV二对半检测结果分为HBV携带组和既往感染组以及健康对照组3组,用序列特异性引物聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction with sequence specific primers,PCR-SSP)基因分型技术检测HLA-A抗原的基因型,将HBV携带组和健康对照组以及HBV既往感染组和健康对照组的HLA-A基因多态性的分布频率进行比较。采用SPSS17.0软件进行数据统计分析。结果健康对照组HLA-A2阳性数占比47.49%,等位基因频率数占比31.29%;健康对照组基因分布频率总体与中华骨髓库发布的中国常见及确认的HLA-A等位基因表一致。HBV携带组HLA-A2阳性数占比63.04%,等位基因频率数占比42.23%,携带者的HLA-A2阳性率和等位基因频率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);HBV既往感染组HLA-A2阳性数占比56.14%,等位基因频率数占比35.97%,既往感染组的HLA-A2阳性率和等位基因频率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论HLA-A2基因可能是慢性乙型肝炎HBV携带者的易感基因。
文摘Donor human leukocyte antigen(HLA)-specific antibodies(DSA) play an important role in solid organ transplantation. Preexisting IgG isotype DSA are considered a risk factor for antibody mediated rejection, graft failure or graft loss. The post-transplant development of DSA depends on multiple factors including immunogenicity of mismatched antigens, HLA class Ⅱ typing of the recipient, cytokine gene polymorphisms, and cellular immunoregulatory mechanisms. De novo developed antibodies require special attention because not all DSA have equal clinical significance. Therefore, it is important for transplant clinicians and transplant immunologists to accurately characterize DSA. In this review, the contemporary immunological techniques for detection and characterization of anti-HLA antibodies and their pitfalls are described.
文摘A fundamental goal in cellular signaling is to understand allosteric communication, the process by which sig-nals originating at one site in a protein propagate reliably to affect distant functional sites. The general principles of protein structure that underlie this process remain unknown. Statistical coupling analysis （SCA） is a statistical technique that uses evolutionary data of a protein family to measure correlation between distant functional sites and suggests allosteric communication. In proteins, very distant and small interactions between collections of amino acids provide the communication which can be important for signaling process. In this paper, we present the SCA of protein alignment of the esterase family （pfam ID： PF00756） containing the sequence of antigen 85C secreted by Mycobacterium tuberculosis to identify a subset of interacting residues. Clustering analysis of the pairwise correlation highlighted seven important residue positions in the esterase family alignments. These resi-dues were then mapped on the crystal structure of antigen 85C （PDB ID： 1DQZ）. The mapping revealed corre-lation between 3 distant residues （Asp38, Leu123 and Met125） and suggests allosteric communication between them. This information can be used for a new drug against this fatal disease.
文摘Objective:To observe the effects of immunosuppressants triptolide(TL)and cyclosporineA(CSA)on HLA antigens expression induced by interferon-γ（INF-γ）in vitro.Method:By using an indirect immunofluorescent method and analysing with ACAS-570,the abnormal HLA antigen expression of cultured corneal epithelial cells was induced by INF-γ，After incubation with one of the immunosuppressants(CSA,TL) for72hrs.the amount of HLA-ABCand HLA-DRantigens was measured.Result:There was no significant difference(P>0.05)between the group with CAS and the positive control group without CAS.In contrast to CSA,TL dramatically inhibited INF-γinduced expression of HLA antigens of corneal epithelial cells(P<0.001),compared with the control group withoutTL.Conclusion:TL had direct inhibition on the expression of HLA-ABCand HLA-DRantige ns induced by INF-γin vitro,while CSAhad no obvious inhibition,Eye Science2000;16:34-37.
文摘AIM:To assess the effect of human leukocyte antigen(HLA) mismatching on liver graft outcome and acute rejection from a meta-analysis of available cohort studies.METHODS:Articles in PubMed/MEDLINE,EMBASE and the Cochrane database from January 1970 to June 2009,including non-English literature identified in these databases,were searched.Only studies comparing HLA or sub-phenotype matching with mismatching were extracted.The percentage of graft survival was extracted by "Engauge Digitizer" from survival curves if the raw data were not displayed.A meta-analysis was performed when at least 3 studies provided data.RESULTS:Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria.A lower number of HLA mismatches(0-2 vs 3-6) did reduce the incidence of acute rejection(relative risk:0.77,P = 0.03).The degree of HLA mismatching(0-2 vs 3-6) had no significant effect on 1-year [hazard ratio(HR):1.04,P = 0.68] and 5-year(HR:1.09,P = 0.38) graft survival.In sub-phenotype analysis,the degree of HLA-A,B and DR mismatching(0 vs 1-2) had no significant effect on 1-year and 5-year graft survival,either.The HRs and P-values were 0.95,0.71(HLA-A,1-year);1.06,0.60(HLA-A,5-year);0.77,0.16(HLA-B,1-year);1.07,0.56(HLA-DR,1-year);1.18,0.23(HLADR,5-year),respectively.CONCLUSION:The results of this systematic review imply that good HLA compatibility can reduce the incidence of acute rejection in spite of having no influence on graft outcomes.To obtain a short recovery time and minimize rejection post transplantation,HLA matching studies should be considered before the operation.
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatic metastases are common and difficult to treat after colorectal cancer(CRC)surgery.The predictive value of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),cancer antigen(CA)125 and CA19-9 combined tests for liver metastasis is unclear.AIM To evaluate predictive value of combined tests for CEA,CA125,and CA19-9 levels in patients with liver metastases of CRC.METHODS The retrospective study included patients with CRC alone(50 cases)and patients with CRC combined with liver metastases(50 cases)who were hospitalized between January 2021 and January 2023.Serum CEA,CA125 and CA19-9 levels were compared between the two groups,and binary logistic regression was used to analyze the predictive value of the combination of these tumor markers in liver metastasis.In addition,we performed receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis to assess its diagnostic accuracy.RESULTS The results showed that the serum CEA,CA125 and CA19-9 levels in the CRC with liver metastasis group were significantly higher than those in the CRC alone group.Specifically,the average serum CEA level in the CRC with liver metastasis group was 162.03±810.01 ng/mL,while that in the CRC alone group was 5.71±9.76 ng/mL;the average serum CA125 levels were 43.47±83.52 U/mL respectively.and 13.5±19.68 U/mL;the average serum CA19-9 levels were 184.46±473.13 U/mL and 26.55±43.96 U/mL respectively.In addition,binary logistic regression analysis showed that CA125 was significant in predicting CRC liver metastasis(P<0.05).ROC curve analysis results showed that the areas under the ROC curves of CEA,CA125 and CA19-9 were 0.607,0.692 and 0.586.CONCLUSION These results suggest that combined detection of these tumor markers may help early detection and intervention of CRC liver metastasis,thereby improving patient prognosis.
文摘Dear Editor： Anti-sperm antibodies （ASAs） are composed of numerous antibodies interacting with multiple sperm antigens that play a role in fertility. In males, ASAs cause ＇immune infertility＇ by decreasing sperm counts and normal forms, as well as reducing sperm motility and viability, markedly reducing the likelihood of natural conception. The development of ASA in the male depends on the release of sequestered antigens on germ cells following the disruption of the blood-testis barrier.
文摘The proliferative response of T-cells to autolo-gous non-T-cells is referred to as the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR). Recent studies have suggested that AMLR represents a mechanism of immune regulation in vivo. We investigated AMLR in patients with acute- and chronic myeloid leukemia (AML and CML). AMLR was found to be significantly depressed (P<0.001) in AML patients (n=17, cpm=532±95) and CML patients (n=13, cpm=688±99) when compared with that of their healthy HLA-identical siblings serving as controls (n=17, cpm=4152±619 and n=13 cpm=4086±421, respectively). In order to understand the cellular basis of the defective AMLR in patients with AML end CML, we performed mitogen-treated T-cell cultures analysis of T-cell subsets and HLA-Ⅱ antigen detection on monocytes. The results indicated that the defect of AMLR in patients resided at the stimulator monocyte level rather than at the responder T-cell level. Enumeration of monocytes reactive with monoclonal antibody Tu22, which recognizes determinants of HLA-DQ, demonstrated that ML patients had a significantly decreased (P<0.091) number of circulating Tu22+ monocytes when compared with normal controls. These studies suggest that a deficiency of HLA-DQ+ monocytes contributes to the depression of AMLR in ML and possibly underlies the abnormalities of immune response present in this disease.
文摘Thirty patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Haradas disease were typed for HLA-A and HLA-B antigenic determinants by a microlymphocytotoxicity technique. HLA-B22 antigen showed an increased frequency of 43.3% in the patient group(relative risk=8.69; exact P<0.0001; corrected P<0.0025) compared with normal control group(frequency=7.69%). This association suggests that immunogenetic factor may play an important role in the pathogenesis of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada's disease.
文摘Objectives: In order to investigate the role of mono-cytes and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II an-tigen in herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) infection, westudied the effect of HSV-2 infection in vitro on theexpression of HLA class II antigen on monocytes.Methods: Monocytes were infected with HSV-2(Strain 333). Culture cells were collected 1, 3, 5 and 7days after infection. The levels of expression of HLAclass II antigen were measured by using alkaline phos-phatase antialkaline phosphatase method (APAAP).Results: The levels of the expression of HLA class IIantigen on monocytes significantly decreased on thefirst day of post-infection, and then gradually returnedto levels found in the controls by the 7th day post-infection.Conclusion: HLA class II antigen expression onmonocytes was inhibited with HSV-2 infection, whichmight be one means of virus escape at an early phase.The expression of HLA class II antigen may play animportant role in herpes simplex viurs-2 pathogenic-ity and immunity.
