The BEL1-like transcription factor GhBLH5-A05 participates in cotton response to drought stress

Drought stress impairs crop growth and development.BEL1-like family transcription factors may be involved in plant response to drought stress,but little is known of the molecular mechanism by which these proteins regulate plant response and defense to drought stress.Here we show that the BEL1-like transcription factor GhBLH5-A05 functions in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum)response and defense to drought stress.Expression of GhBLH5-A05 in cotton was induced by drought stress.Overexpression of GhBLH5-A05 in both Arabidopsis and cotton increased drought tolerance,whereas silencing GhBLH5-A05 in cotton resulted in elevated sensitivity to drought stress.GhBLH5-A05 binds to cis elements in the promoters of GhRD20-A09 and GhDREB2C-D05 to activate the expression of these genes.GhBLH5-A05 interacted with the KNOX transcription factor GhKNAT6-A03.Co-expression of GhBLH5-A05 and GhKNAT6-A03 increased the transcription of GhRD20-A09 and GhDREB2C-D05.We conclude that GhBLH5-A05 acts as a regulatory factor with GhKNAT6-A03 functioning in cotton response to drought stress by activating the expression of the drought-responsive genes GhRD20-A09 and GhDREB2C-D05.

Oncogene goosecoid is transcriptionally regulated by E2F1 and correlates with disease progression in prostate cancer

Background:Although some well-established oncogenes are involved in cancer initiation and progression such as prostate cancer(PCa),the long tail of cancer genes remains to be defined.Goosecoid(GSC)has been implicated in cancer development.However,the comprehensive biological role of GSC in pan-cancer,specifically in PCa,remains unexplored.The aim of this study was to investigate the role of GSC in PCa development.Methods:We performed a systematic bioinformatics exploration of GSC using datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas,Genotype-Tissue Expression,Gene Expression Omnibus,German Cancer Research Center,and our in-house cohorts.First,we evaluated the expression of GSC and its association with patient prognosis,and identified GSC-relevant genetic alterations in cancers.Further,we focused on the clinical characterization and prognostic analysis of GSC in PCa.To understand the transcriptional regulation of GSC by E2F transcription factor 1(E2F1),we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR).Functional experiments were conducted to validate the effect of GSC on the tumor cellular phenotype and sensitivity to trametinib.Results:GSC expression was elevated in various tumors and significantly correlated with patient prognosis.The alterations of GSC contribute to the progression of various tumors especially in PCa.Patients with PCa and high GSC expression exhibited worse progression-free survival and biochemical recurrence outcomes.Further,GSC upregulation in patients with PCa was mostly accompanied with higher Gleason score,advanced tumor stage,lymph node metastasis,and elevated prostate-specific antigen(PSA)levels.Mechanistically,the transcription factor,E2F1,stimulates GSC by binding to its promoter region.Detailed experiments further demonstrated that GSC acted as an oncogene and influenced the response of PCa cells to trametinib treatment.Conclusions:GSC was highly overexpressed and strongly correlated with patient prognosis in PCa.We found that GSC,regulated by E2F1,acted as an oncogene and impeded the therapeutic efficacy of trametinib in PCa.

Long non-coding RNA CDKN2B-AS1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via E2F transcription factor 1/G protein subunit alpha Z axis

BACKGROUND A series of long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)have been reported to play a crucial role in cancer biology.Some previous studies report that lncRNA CDKN2B-AS1 is involved in some human malignancies.However,its role in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)has not been fully deciphered.AIM To decipher the role of CDKN2B-AS1 in the progression of HCC.METHODS CDKN2B-AS1 expression in HCC was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.The malignant phenotypes of Li-7 and SNU-182 cells were detected by the CCK-8 method,EdU method,and flow cytometry,respectively.RNA immunoprecipitation was executed to confirm the interaction between CDKN2B-AS1 and E2F transcription factor 1(E2F1).Luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation were performed to verify the binding of E2F1 to the promoter of G protein subunit alpha Z(GNAZ).E2F1 and GNAZ were detected by western blot in HCC cells.RESULTS In HCC tissues,CDKN2B-AS1 was upregulated.Depletion of CDKN2B-AS1 inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells,and the depletion of CDKN2B-AS1 also induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.CDKN2B-AS1 could interact with E2F1.Depletion of CDKN2B-AS1 inhibited the binding of E2F1 to the GNAZ promoter region.Overexpression of E2F1 reversed the biological effects of depletion of CDKN2B-AS1 on the malignant behaviors of HCC cells.CONCLUSION CDKN2B-AS1 recruits E2F1 to facilitate GNAZ transcription to promote HCC progression.

High-throughput screening system of citrus bacterial cankerassociated transcription factors and its application to the regulation of citrus canker resistance

One of the main diseases that adversely impacts the global citrus industry is citrus bacterial canker(CBC),caused by the bacteria Xanthomonas citri subsp.citri(Xcc).Response to CBC is a complex process,with both proteinDNA as well as protein–protein interactions for the regulatory network.To detect such interactions in CBC resistant regulation,a citrus high-throughput screening system with 203 CBC-inducible transcription factors(TFs),were developed.Screening the upstream regulators of target by yeast-one hybrid(Y1H)methods was also performed.A regulatory module of CBC resistance was identified based on this system.One TF(CsDOF5.8)was explored due to its interactions with the 1-kb promoter fragment of CsPrx25,a resistant gene of CBC involved in reactive oxygen species(ROS)homeostasis regulation.Electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EMSA),dual-LUC assays,as well as transient overexpression of CsDOF5.8,further validated the interactions and transcriptional regulation.The CsDOF5.8–CsPrx25 promoter interaction revealed a complex pathway that governs the regulation of CBC resistance via H2O2homeostasis.The high-throughput Y1H/Y2H screening system could be an efficient tool for studying regulatory pathways or network of CBC resistance regulation.In addition,it could highlight the potential of these candidate genes as targets for efforts to breed CBC-resistant citrus varieties.

Isolation and functional analysis of SrMYB1,a direct transcriptional repressor of SrUGT76G1 in Stevia rebaudiana

SrUGT76G1,the most well-studied diterpene glycosyltransferase in Stevia rebaudiana,is key to the biosynthesis of economically important steviol glycosides(SGs).However,the molecular regulatory mechanism of SrUGT76G1 has rarely been explored.In this study,we identified a MYB transcription factor,SrMYB1,using a yeast one-hybrid screening assay.SrMYB1 belongs to the typical R2R3-type MYB protein and is specifically localized in the nucleus with strong transactivation activity.The transcript of SrMYB1 is predominantly accumulated in flowers,but is also present at a lower level in leaves.Yeast one-hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assays verified that SrMYB1 binds directly to the MYB binding sites in the F4-3 fragment(+50–(–141))of the SrUGT76G1 promoter.Furthermore,we found that SrMYB1 could significantly repress the expression of SrUGT76G1 in both epidermal cells of tobacco leaves and stevia callus.Taken together,our results demonstrate that SrMYB1 is an essential upstream regulator of SrUGT76G1 and provide novel insight into the regulatory network for the SGs metabolic pathway in S.rebaudiana.

共表达甲状腺转录因子1与p40的非小细胞肺癌患者临床病理特征分析

目的探讨共表达甲状腺转录因子1(TTF-1)和p40的非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者的临床病理特征。方法收集7例共表达TTF-1和p40的NSCLC患者的资料,回顾性分析其临床特征、病理形态、免疫表型及分子特征,并复习相关文献。结果患者中位年龄58岁,多为男性且吸烟者;影像显示为外周型肿块。肿瘤细胞呈实性巢状排列,瘤细胞呈圆形、卵圆形或多角形,胞质透明或嗜酸性,核分裂象>10个/10HPF;3例可见脉管内癌栓。同一群肿瘤细胞同时表达TTF-1和p40,CK7、p63、CK5/6和napsinA呈灶性或弥漫表达,增殖指数Ki-67阳性10%~90%。2例采用ARMS-PCR法分别检测到表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)18号外显子G719A/S/C突变和21号外显子L858R突变,1例采用二代测序法检测到TPM3-ROS1融合突变和ROS1(G2032R)突变。随访1~46个月,2例患者分别于22、46个月死亡,3例患者出现颈部淋巴结或脑转移。结论共表达TTF-1和p40的NSCLC具有独特的临床病理特征,临床进展快,预后差,可能是一种新的肿瘤实体。

runt相关转录因子1在心血管疾病中的研究进展

runt相关转录因子1 (runt-related transcription factor 1,RUNX1)是一种转录因子,它广泛地参与到生物体细胞的增殖,分化等过程中,既往对它的研究主要集中在造血、肿瘤等方面。近年来,人们越来越关注它在心血管发育和心血管疾病中的潜在作用。本文将回顾近年来在心血管领域对RUNX1的研究,探讨它可能的作用机制,为今后的研究提供线索。

脓毒症患者血清HMGB1、sTLT-1、NLR变化及其对并发急性肺损伤的预测价值

目的探讨脓毒症患者血清高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)、可溶性髓样细胞触发受体样转录因子-1(sTLT-1)、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)变化及其对并发急性肺损伤(ALI)的预测价值。方法回顾性分析2022年1月至2023年12月新乡医学院第一附属医院收治的120例脓毒症患者的临床资料,根据住院期间是否发生ALI分为ALI组35例、非ALI组85例。比较ALI组与非ALI组、ALI组不同病情程度患者血清HMGB1、sTLT-1、NLR水平,并采用受试者工作(ROC)曲线分析血清HMGB1、sTLT-1、NLR对脓毒症并发ALI的预测价值。结果ALI组患者的血清HMGB1、sTLT-1、NLR水平分别为(74.21±11.70)pg/mL、(593.06±82.45)pg/mL、5.13±1.16,明显高于非ALI组的(60.15±7.95)pg/mL、(525.73±54.84)pg/mL、4.08±0.64,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);ALI组中,高危组患者的血清HMGB1、sTLT-1、NLR水平分别为(86.43±5.90)pg/mL、(686.31±23.91)pg/mL、(6.49±1.11),明显高于中危组的(76.64±11.44)pg/mL、(599.28±88.40)pg/mL、5.27±1.00及低危组的(64.48±5.06)pg/mL、(539.93±35.90)pg/mL、4.27±0.71,且中危组患者均高于低危组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);血清HMGB1、sTLT-1、NLR联合预测脓毒症并发ALI的曲线下面积(AUC)、敏感度、特异度分别为0.890、90.60%、92.10%,HMGB1单独检测分别为0.848、84.70%、77.10%,sTLT-1单独检测分别为0.732、71.40%、68.20%,NLR单独检测分别为0.785、62.90%、84.20%,联合检测高于各指标单独检测(P<0.05)。结论脓毒症并发ALI患者血清HMGB1、sTLT-1、NLR明显升高,且三者联合检测对并发ALI有较高的预测价值。

抗SOX1抗体相关神经系统副肿瘤综合征的临床异质性分析

目的总结抗Y染色体性别决定区相关高迁移率超家族1(SRY⁃like high⁃mobility group superfamily of developmental transcription factors 1,SOX1)抗体相关神经系统副肿瘤综合征(paraneoplastic neurological syndrome,PNS)的临床表现、影像学特征和预后。方法选取2019年1月至2023年1月首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院抗SOX1抗体相关PNS患者6例,回顾性分析患者的相关资料。结果6例患者中,男5例、女1例,年龄42~76岁。6例患者中,感觉运动周围神经病合并小细胞肺癌(small cell lung cancer,SCLC)2例、边缘叶脑炎2例、副肿瘤小脑变性1例和Lam⁃bert-Eaton肌无力综合征合并SCLC 1例。6例患者血清抗SOX1抗体均阳性,其中合并其他抗体阳性1例、合并脑脊液抗SOX1抗体阳性2例。6例患者神经系统症状均早于肿瘤发现前,均于发现抗SOX1抗体后行肿瘤筛查,其中3例SCLC患者进行治疗后病情较稳定;截至随访时间,余3例患者经检查未发现肿瘤(其中病例5随访>2年,病例2和病例4随访<2年),进行治疗后,症状未见明显进展。结论抗SOX1抗体相关PNS患者存在高度临床异质性,部分患者伴发肿瘤。可增加副肿瘤抗体的检测,以提高早期诊断潜在肿瘤的可能性。

缺血性疾病患者血清lncRNA PVT1和FOXM1表达水平及联合心脏磁共振延迟强化成像与预后的关系

目的 探讨缺血性疾病患者血清长链非编码RNA浆细胞瘤转化迁移基因1(lncRNA PVT1)和叉头框转录因子M1(FOX M1)表达水平及联合心脏钆对比剂延迟增强磁共振成像(LGE-MRI)与预后的关系。方法 选取2021年2月-2022年2月我院收治的缺血性心脏病患者118例即为研究组,随访一年根据随访过程中是否发生主要心脏不良事件(MACE),分为MACE组32例,无MACE组86例。同期选择在我院体检健康的志愿者118例为对照组。实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测血清lncRNA PVT1的相对表达量。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(E LISA)检测FOXM1水平。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析LGE-MRI、血清lncRNA PVT1和FOXM1对缺血性心脏病患者预后发生MACE的预测价值。结果 研究组患者DBP、SBP、TG、TC、 LDL-C、GLU水平与对照组相比显著升高,HDL-C水平显著降低(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,研究组的血清中lncRNA PVT1和FOXM1水平显著升高(P<0.05)。与无MACE组相比,MACE组患者DBP、SBP、TC、LDL-C水平显著升高, HDL-C水平显著降低(P<0.05)。与无MACE组相比,MACE组患者血清中lncRNA PVT1和FOXM1水平显著升高(P<0.05)。MACE组的LGE-MRI阳性数量显著高于无MACE组(P<0.)05。与LGE-MRI、血清lncRNA PVT1和FOXM1单独预测相比,三者联合预测MACE发生的AUC更高(Z=7.221,P<0.001;Z=7.737,P<0.001;Z=7.091,P<0.001)。结论 缺血性心脏病预后发生MACE的患者血清lncRNA PVT1和FOXM1水平呈高表达,二者联合LGE-MRI对MACE的发生有一定的预测价值。

NECK LEAF 1, a GATA type transcription factor, modulates organogenesis by regulating the expression of multiple regulatory genes during reproductive development in rice

In the monocot rice species Oryza sativa L., one of the most striking morphological processes during reproductive development is the concurrence of panicle development with the sequential elongation of upper internodes （UPIs）. To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms, we cloned the rice gene NECK LEAF 1 （NL1）, which when mutated results in delays in flowering time, smaller panicles with overgrown bracts and abnormal UPI elongation patterns. The NL1 gene encodes a GATA-type transcription factor with a single zinc finger domain, and its transcripts are de- tected predominantly in the bract primordia, which normally degenerate in the wild-type plants. Overexpression of NL1 in transgenic plants often gives rise to severe growth retardation, less vegetative phytomers and smaller leaves, suggesting that NL1 plays an important role in organ differentiation. A novel mutant allele of PLASTOCHRON1 （PLAD, a gene known to play a key role in regulating leaf initiation, was identified in this study. Genetic analysis demonstrated an interaction between nil and plal, with NL1 acting upstream of PLA1. The expression level and spatial pattern of PLA1 were found to be altered in the nil mutant. Furthermore, the expression of two regulators of flowering, Hd3a and OsMADS1, was also affected in the nil mutant. On the basis of these findings, we propose that NL1 is an intrinsic factor that modulates and coordinates organogenesis through regulating the expression of PLA1 and other regulatory genes during reproductive development in rice.

Transcription factor PDX-1 in human colorectal adenocarcinoma:A potential tumor marker?

AIM: To examine the expression of pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX-1) transcription factor in human colorectal cancer. METHODS: RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immuno-histochemistry were performed to determine the expression pattern of transcription factor PDX-1 in primary colorectal tumor, hepatic metastasis, and benign colon tissue from a single patient. RESULTS: The highest PDX-1 transcription levels were detected in the metastasis material. Lower levels of PDX-1 were found to be present in the primary tumor, while normal colon tissue failed to express detectable levels of PDX-1. Western blot data revealed a PDX-1 expression pattern identical to that of mRNA expression. Immunohistochemistry confirmed high metastasis PDX-1 expression, lower levels in the primary tumor, and the presence of only traces of PDX-1 in normal colon tissue. CONCLUSION: These data argue for further evaluation of PDX-1 as a biomarker for colorectal cancer.

Upregulation of miR-34c after silencing E2F transcription factor 1 inhibits paclitaxel combined with cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer cells

BACKGROUND MicroRNA 34c(miR-34c)has been reported to be associated with malignant types of cancer,however,it remains unknown whether miR-34c is involved in chemoresistance in gastric cancer(GC).AIM To investigate the effect of miR-34c and its upstream transcription factor E2F1 on paclitaxel combined with cisplatin resistance in GC cells.METHODS Paired GC tissues and adjacent normal tissues were randomly sampled from 74 GC patients.miR-34c and E2F1 were detected by real-time quantitative PCR(qPCR)and Western blot.In addition,the drug resistance of GC cells to paclitaxel and cisplatin was induced by concentration gradient increasing methods,and changes in miR-34c and E2F1 during this process were measured.Furthermore,E2F1 and miR-34c overexpression or underexpression vectors were constructed and transfected into drug-resistant GC cells.MTT was employed to test the sensitivity of cells to paclitaxel combined with cisplatin,qPCR was adopted to detect the expression of miR-34c,Western blot was applied to detect the expression levels of E2F1,drug resistance-related proteins and apoptosis-related proteins,and flow cytometry was used for the determination of cell apoptosis and cell cycle status.RESULTS E2F1 was overexpressed while miR-34c was underexpressed in GC.After inducing GC cells to be resistant to paclitaxel and cisplatin,E2F1 expression increased while miR-34c expression decreased.Both silencing E2F1 and overexpressing miR-34c could increase the sensitivity of drug-resistant GC cells to paclitaxel combined with cisplatin,promote cell apoptosis and inhibit cell proliferation.Among which,silencing E2F1 could reduce the expression of drug resistance-related proteins and apoptosis-related proteins,while over-expression of miR-34c could upregulate the expression of apoptosis-related proteins without affecting the expression of MDR-1,MRP and other drug resistance-related proteins.Rescue experiments demonstrated that inhibiting miR-34c could significantly weaken the sensitization of drug resistant cells,and Si E2F1 to paclitaxel combined with cisplatin.CONCLUSION E2F1 inhibits miR-34c to promote the proliferation of GC cells and enhance the resistance to paclitaxel combined with cisplatin,and silencing E2F1 is conducive to improving the efficacy of paclitaxel combined with cisplatin in GC cells.

Transcription factor EGR-1 inhibits growth of hepatocellular carcinoma and esophageal carcinoma cell lines

AIM: The transcription factor EGR-1 (early growth response gene-1) plays an important role in cell growth, differentiation and development. It has identified that EGR-1 has significant transformation suppression activity in some neoplasms, such as fibrosarcoma, breast carcinoma. This experiment was designed to investigate the role of egr-1 in the cancerous process of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and esophageal carcinoma (EC), and then to appraise the effects of EGR-1 on the growth of these tumor cells. METHODS: Firstly, the transcription and expression of egr-1 in HCC and EC, paracancerous tissues and their normal counterpart parts were detected by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, with normal human breast and mouse brain tissues as positive controls. Egr-1 gene was then transfected into HCC (HHCC, SMMC7721) and EC (ECa109) cell lines in which no egr-1 transcription and expression were present. The cell growth speed, FCM cell cycle, plate clone formation and tumorigenicity in nude mice were observed and the controls were the cell lines transfected with vector only. RESULTS: Little or no egr-1 transcription and expression were detected in HCC, EC and normal liver tissues. The expression of egr-1 were found higher in hepatocellular paracancerous tissue (transcription level P=0.000; expression level P=0.143, probably because fewer in number of cases) and dysplastic tissue of esophageal cancer (transcription level P=0.000; expression level P=0.001). The growth rate of egr-1-transfected HHCC (HCC cell line) cells and ECa109 (EC cell line) cells was much slower than that of the controls. The proportion of S phase cell, clone formation and tumorigenicity were significantly lower than these of the controls' (decreased 45.5% in HHCC cells and 34.1% in ECa109 cells; 46.6% and 41.8%; 80.4% and 72.6% respectively). There were no obvious differences between SMMC7721 (HCC) egr-1-transfected cells and the controls with regard to the above items. CONCLUSION: The decreased expression of egr-1 might play a role in the dysregulation of normal growth in the cancerous process of HCC and EC. Egr-1 gene of transfected HHCC and ECa109 cells showed obvious suppression of the cell growth and malignant phenotypes, but no suppression in SMMC7721 (HCC cell line) cells.

Experimental and clinic-opathologic study on the relationship between transcription factor Egr-1 and esophageal carcinoma

AIM: To observe the growth suppression effect of exogenous introduction of early growth response gene-1 (Egr-1 gene) on esophageal carcinoma tissue as well as on esophageal carcinoma cell line Eca109 and to explore the potential application of Egr-1 gene in gene therapy of tumor. METHODS: Eukaryotic expression vector of PCMV-Egr-1 plasmid was introduced into Eca109 cell line which expressed no Egr-1 protein originally with lipofectamine transfection method. The introduction and expression of PCMV-Egr-1 plasmid into Eca109 cell line was confirmed by G418 selection culture, PCR amplification of neogene contained in the vector, Western blot analysis and immunocytochemical analysis. The cell growth curve, soft agar colony formation rate and tumorigenicity in SCID mice were examined to demonstrate the growth suppression effect of exogenous Egr-1 gene on Eca109 cell line. The Egr-1 mRNA and Egr-1 protein were also detected in 50 surgical specimens of esophageal carcinoma by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Exogenous Egr-1 gene was introduced successfully into Eca109 cell line and expressed Egr-1 protein stably. The transfected Eca109 cell line grew more slowly than control Eca109 as shown by cell growth curves, the soft agar colony formation rate (4.0% vs 6.9%, P 【 0.01) and the average growth rate of tumor in SCID mice (35.5 +/- 7.6 vs 65.8 +/- 7.6, P 【 0.05). The expression level of Egr-1 mRNA and protein significantly increased in dysplastic epithelia adjacent to cancer rather than in cancer tissues (65.8% vs 20.0% by ISH and 57.9% vs 0.01). CONCLUSION: Exogenous Egr-1 gene shows the strong effect of growth inhibition in Eca109 cell line. Egr-1 in the cancer tissue shows down-regulated expression that supports the inhibited function of Egr-1 in cancer growth and suggests Egr-1 may have an important role in gene therapy of esophageal carcinoma.

<i>Wrinkled</i>1 (WRI1) Homologs, AP2-Type Transcription Factors Involving Master Regulation of Seed Storage Oil Synthesis in Castor Bean (<i>Ricinus communis</i>L.)

Among APETALA2 (AP2)-type plant specific transcription factor family, WRINKLED1 (WRI1), has appeared to be a master gene transcriptionally regulating a set of carbon metabolism- and fatty acid synthesis (FAS)-related genes responsible for seed specific triacylglycerols (TAGs) storage in oil plants. B3 type transcription factors, such as ABI3 and FUS3, are known to be involved in seed development, such as seed storage protein synthesis and maturation. Based on the recent whole genome sequence data of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.), putative WRI1 homologs (RcWRI1, RcWRI2) specifically expressed in castor bean seed have been identified by comparing organ specific expression profiles among seed development-related transcription factors, seed storage specific genes (Ricin, RcOleosin) and a set of FAS genes including genes for sucrose synthase (RcSUS2), biotin carboxyl carrier protein (a subunit of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, RcBCCP2) and ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase (RcKAS1). Immunoreactive signals with WRI1, FUS3 and ABI5-related polypeptides were also detected in seed specifically, consistent with the expression profiles of seed development-related genes. The WRI1 binding consensus sites, [CnTnG](n)(7)[CG], designated as the AW-box, were found at the promoter region of RcBCCP2 and RcKAS1. Thus, RcWRI1 possibly play a pivotal role in seed specific TAGs storage during seed development by directly activating FAS -related genes.

Oligodendrocyte transcription factor 1 overexpression promotes oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 expression in the brains of neonatal rats exposed to hypoxia

To examine the expression profiles of oligodendrocyte transcription factors 1 and 2 （Oligl and Olig2） and the interaction between these two proteins, Oligl was transfected into the lateral ventricles of neonatal rats subjected to hypoxia. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that Olig2 was expressed throughout the nuclei in the brain, and expression increased at 3 days following hypoxia and was higher than levels at 7 days following Ad5-Oligl transfection. Western blot revealed that Oligl and Olig2 expression increased in Oligl-transfected brain cells 3 days after hypoxia, but Oligl and Olig2 expression decreased at 7 days. These results indicate that Oligl overexpression enhances Olig2 expression in brain tissues of hypoxia rats.

Genome-wide analysis of the B3 transcription factors reveals that RcABI3/VP1 subfamily plays important roles in seed development and oil storage in castor bean(Ricinus communis)

The B3 transcription factors(TFs)in plants play vital roles in numerous biological processes.Although B3 genes have been broadly identified in many plants,little is known about their potential functions in mediating seed development and material accumulation.Castor bean(Ricinus communis)is a non-edible oilseed crop considered an ideal model system for seed biology research.Here,we identified a total of 61 B3 genes in the castor bean genome,which can be classified into five subfamilies,including ABI3/VP1,HSI,ARF,RAV and REM.The expression profiles revealed that RcABI3/VP1 subfamily genes are significantly up-regulated in the middle and later stages of seed development,indicating that these genes may be associated with the accumulation of storage oils.Furthermore,through yeast one-hybrid and tobacco transient expression assays,we detected that ABI3/VP1 subfamily member RcLEC2 directly regulates the transcription of RcOleosin2,which encodes an oil-body structural protein.This finding suggests that RcLEC2,as a seed-specific TF,may be involved in the regulation of storage materials accumulation.This study provides novel insights into the potential roles and molecular basis of B3 family proteins in seed development and material accumulation.

GmPHR1, a Novel Homolog of the AtPHR1 Transcription Factor, Plays a Role in Plant Tolerance to Phosphate Starvation

GmPHR1 from soybean （Glycine max） was isolated and characterized. This novel homolog of the AtPHR1 transcription factor confers tolerance to inorganic phosphate （Pi）-starvation. The gene is 2 751 bp long, with an 819-bp open reading frame and ifve introns. Analysis of transcription activity in yeast revealed that the full-length GmPHR1 and its C-terminal activate the reporter genes for His, Ade and Ura, suggesting that the C-terminal peptide functions as a transcriptional activator. Quantitative real-time PCR indicated that patterns of GmPHR1 expression differed. For example, under low-Pi stress, this gene was quickly induced in the tolerant JD11 after 0.5 h, with expression then decreasing slowly before peaking at 12-24 h. By contrast, induction in the sensitive Niumaohuang （NMH） was slow, peaking at 6 h before decreasing quickly at 9 h. GmPHR1 showed sub-cellular localization in the nuclei of onion epidermal cells and Arabidopsis roots. Growth parameters in wild-type （WT） Arabidopsis plants as well as in overexpression （OE） transgenic lines were examined. Under low-Pi conditions, values for shoot, root and whole-plant dry weights, root to shoot ratios, and lengths of primary roots were signiifcantly greater in OE lines than in the WT. These data demonstrate that GmPHR1 has an important role in conferring tolerance to phosphate starvation.

Myocardin-related transcription factor A cooperates with brahmarelated gene 1 to activate P-selectin transcription

Expression of P-selectin in injured or activated endothelia cells serves as a permissive step towards leukocyte recruitment and perpetuation of inflammation in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.P-selectin can be induced by pro-inflammatory stimuli via the transcription factor NF-κB,but the epigenetic mechanisms remain incompletely understood.Previously we reported that myocardin-related transcription factor A（MRTF-A）mediates the transactivation of a slew of adhesion molecules by oxidized low-density lipoprotein（oxLDL）,likely through a crosstalk with brahma-related gene 1（BRGl）,a chromatin remodeling protein.Here,we show that MRTF-A was both sufficient and necessary for the transactivation of P-selectin gene in endothelial cells treated with TNF-α.Depletion of MRTF-A using small interfering RNA（siRNA）abrogated the binding of BRGl on the P-selectin promoter.Overexpression of BRG1 up-regulated the activity of P-selectin promoter activity while BRGl knockdown attenuated P-selectin expression.Finally,BRGl silencing suppressed the accumulation of acetylated histone H3 and methylated histone H3K4,and altered the binding of NF-κB on the P-selectin promoter.Therefore,our data demonstrate an essential role for MRTF-A and BRGl in P-selectin transactivation in endothelial cells.