Protein kinases play an important role in the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases.However their incidence in non-human primates is found to be very low.Small differences among the genomes might influence the disea...Protein kinases play an important role in the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases.However their incidence in non-human primates is found to be very low.Small differences among the genomes might influence the disease susceptibilities.The present study deals with finding the genetic differences of protein kinases in humans and their three closest evolutionary partners chimpanzee,gorilla and orangutan for three neurodegenerative diseases namely,Alzheimer’s,Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases.In total 47 human protein kinases associated with three neurodegenerative diseases and their orthologs from other three nonhuman primates were identified and analyzed for any possible susceptibility factors in humans.Multiple sequence alignment and pairwise sequence alignment revealed that,18 human protein kinases including DYRK1A,RPS6KB1,and GRK6 contained significant indels and substitutions.Further phosphorylation site analysis revealed that eight kinases including MARK2 and LTK contained sites of phosphorylation exclusive to human genomes which could be particular candidates in determining disease susceptibility between human and non-human primates.Final pathway analysis of these eight kinases and their targets revealed that these kinases could have long range consequences in important signaling pathways which are associated with neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
Much is said of China’s judicial system and much more remains conspicuously unsaid,but recent changes have seen promising reforms for the state’s beleaguered court system.For starters,the authorities are beginning t...Much is said of China’s judicial system and much more remains conspicuously unsaid,but recent changes have seen promising reforms for the state’s beleaguered court system.For starters,the authorities are beginning to take notice that judges,those on the front lines of dispensing-justice,are underpaid,overworked,and unappreciated.There’s also the rather troubling matter of jurisdiction,but recent changes have provided more provincial展开更多
Two hominid teeth recovered in Mohui cave are morphologically distinguished from Australopithecus in Af-rica, but close to Homo erectus in China. These teeth are therefore provisionally assigned to Homo erectus. The a...Two hominid teeth recovered in Mohui cave are morphologically distinguished from Australopithecus in Af-rica, but close to Homo erectus in China. These teeth are therefore provisionally assigned to Homo erectus. The associ-ated mammalian fauna include Gigantopithecus blacki, Nes-toritherium sp., Sus xiaozhu, Sus peii and Ailuropoda microta, which are typical early Pleistocene taxa in South China. The general characteristics of the Mohui faunal assemblage are similar to the Longgupo site, which is dated to 2 Ma, imply-ing a contemporaneity for the two sites. To date, compared with the discoveries in Africa, far fewer early Pleistocene hominid fossils have been recovered in Asia, and there are intensive controversies concerning their stratigraphic prove-nience and typological and temporal positions. The hominid fossils from Mohui cave, with their reliable biostratigraphic positions and distinct typological features, provide important evidence regarding the issue of early human origins and evo-lution.展开更多
文摘Protein kinases play an important role in the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases.However their incidence in non-human primates is found to be very low.Small differences among the genomes might influence the disease susceptibilities.The present study deals with finding the genetic differences of protein kinases in humans and their three closest evolutionary partners chimpanzee,gorilla and orangutan for three neurodegenerative diseases namely,Alzheimer’s,Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases.In total 47 human protein kinases associated with three neurodegenerative diseases and their orthologs from other three nonhuman primates were identified and analyzed for any possible susceptibility factors in humans.Multiple sequence alignment and pairwise sequence alignment revealed that,18 human protein kinases including DYRK1A,RPS6KB1,and GRK6 contained significant indels and substitutions.Further phosphorylation site analysis revealed that eight kinases including MARK2 and LTK contained sites of phosphorylation exclusive to human genomes which could be particular candidates in determining disease susceptibility between human and non-human primates.Final pathway analysis of these eight kinases and their targets revealed that these kinases could have long range consequences in important signaling pathways which are associated with neurodegenerative diseases.
文摘Much is said of China’s judicial system and much more remains conspicuously unsaid,but recent changes have seen promising reforms for the state’s beleaguered court system.For starters,the authorities are beginning to take notice that judges,those on the front lines of dispensing-justice,are underpaid,overworked,and unappreciated.There’s also the rather troubling matter of jurisdiction,but recent changes have provided more provincial
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40163001)the Emergency Excavation Fund from the National Culture Relics Bureau of China+1 种基金special funds of“Talents Project in the New Century”of the Guangxi Government(Grant No.2001216)the National Science Foundation,USA.
文摘Two hominid teeth recovered in Mohui cave are morphologically distinguished from Australopithecus in Af-rica, but close to Homo erectus in China. These teeth are therefore provisionally assigned to Homo erectus. The associ-ated mammalian fauna include Gigantopithecus blacki, Nes-toritherium sp., Sus xiaozhu, Sus peii and Ailuropoda microta, which are typical early Pleistocene taxa in South China. The general characteristics of the Mohui faunal assemblage are similar to the Longgupo site, which is dated to 2 Ma, imply-ing a contemporaneity for the two sites. To date, compared with the discoveries in Africa, far fewer early Pleistocene hominid fossils have been recovered in Asia, and there are intensive controversies concerning their stratigraphic prove-nience and typological and temporal positions. The hominid fossils from Mohui cave, with their reliable biostratigraphic positions and distinct typological features, provide important evidence regarding the issue of early human origins and evo-lution.
