Glycine-β-cyclodextrin-assisted cometabolism of phenanthrene and pyrene by Pseudomonas stutzeri DJP 1 from marine sediment

Cometabolic degradation is currently an effective and extensively way to remove high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(HMW-PAHs).Unfortunately,due to low bio-accessibility and high biotoxicity,the cometabolic degradation rate of HMW-PAHs is limited.Glycine-β-cyclodextrin(GCD)was obtained through amino modification ofβ-cyclodextrin(BCD)and added to cometabolic system of phenanthrene(PHE)and pyrene(PYR)to assist PYR biodegradation.Results show that the addition of GCD(100 mg/L)effectively improved the removal rate of PYR(20 mg/L)by 42.3%.GCD appeared to increase the bio-accessibility and reduce the biotoxicity of PHE and PYR,and then promoted the growth of Pseudomonas stutzeri DJP1 and stimulated the elevation of dehydrogenase(DHA)and catechol 12 dioxygenase(C12O)activities.The phthalate metabolic pathway was accelerated,which improved the cometabolic degradation.This study provided a new reference for the cometabolic degradation of HMW-PAHs.

Morphological Evolution of Self-Assembled Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate/Dodecyltrimethylammonium Bromide@Epoxy-β-Cyclodextrin Supramolecular Aggregates Induced by Temperature

Bio-based cyclodextrins(CDs)are a common research object in supramolecular chemistry.The special cavity structure of CDs can form supramolecular self-assemblies such as vesicles and microcrystals through weak interaction with guest molecules.The different forms of supramolecular self-assemblies can be transformed into each other under certain conditions.The regulation of supramolecular self-assembly is not only helpful to understand the self-assembly principle,but also beneficial to its application.In the present study,the self-assembly behavior of epoxy-β-cyclodextrin(EP-β-CD)and mixed anionic and cationic surfactant system(sodium dodecyl sulfate/dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide,SDS/DTAB)in aqueous solution was studied.Morphological and particle size characterization found that the SDS/DTAB@EP-β-CD complex,as the basic building unit,self-assembled into worm-like micelles at lower temperatures and vesicles at higher temperatures.Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR)analysis revealed that the driving force for the formation of vesicles and worm-like micelles was the hydrogen bonds between EP-β-CD molecules,while water molecules played an important role in promoting vesicle formation between SDS/DTAB@EP-β-CD units.Herein,the mechanism of the morphologic transformation of SDS/DTAB@EP-β-CD supramolecular aggregates induced by temperature was elucidated by exploring the self-assembly process,which may provide an excellent basis for the development of delivery carriers.

Adsorption of Phenanthrene in Soil to Biochar Modified by β-Cyclodextrin

In this study, the adsorption effect of β-cyclodextrin modified biochar (BC) on phenanthrene (PHE) in contaminated soil was investigated, aiming to provide an efficient and environmentally friendly remediation strategy for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminated soil. Through kinetic and isotherm analysis, β-CDBC-CA showed excellent phenanthrene adsorption performance, and the adsorption effect increased with the increase of time and was affected by temperature. The results show that β-CDBC-CA can not only effectively adsorb phenanthrene in soil, but also serve as a surfactant to help desorption phenanthrene adsorbed by soil organic matter and improve the efficiency of microbial degradation. The experimental data showed that the Elovich model could describe the adsorption behavior of β-CDBC-CA on phenanthrene well, while Langmuir and Freundlich models performed better in fitting parameters, revealing the adsorption mechanism of phenanthrene in contaminated soil by β-cyclodextrin-modified biochar. In addition, temperature has a significant effect on the adsorption capacity of β-CDBC-CA, and its application in soil remediation can be optimized by adjusting temperature. This study not only provides new materials and technical means for soil remediation but also provides important data support for an in-depth understanding of the environmental behavior of PAHs. By citing relevant research results, this study further improves the control and understanding of environmental risks of PAHs, which is of great significance for the protection of ecological environment and human health.

Synthesis and Characterization of β-Cyclodextrin Modified Biochar Environmental Remediation Materials

In this paper, biochar (BC) was used as raw material, activated by deionizing aqueous solution, NaCl solution, CA solution and HCl solution respectively. Epichlorohydrin (EPI) was used as crosslinking agent, and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was used to modify biochar (BC). The prepared modified biochar materials were labeled with β-CDBC, β-CDBC-Na, β-CDBC-CA and β-CDBC-H, respectively. The infrared spectrum, X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope and specific surface area of the four modified materials were tested. The results showed that the C-O stretching vibration peak at 1020 cm−1 of the modified materials was slightly offset compared with that of biochar. The characteristic absorption peaks of XRD pattern decrease obviously at 2θ = 26.7˚ and 29.5˚. It can be obviously observed on the electron microscope image that the surface is loaded or formed clathrates, and BET data and graphs also show that the specific surface area of the modified biochar is larger. Therefore, β-cyclodextrin successfully modified biochar and formed clathrates on the surface of biochar or was loaded in the pore structure of biochar, especially β-CDBC-CA achieved better modification effect. Because biochar and β-cyclodextrin raw materials are cheap, easy to prepare and green, and less prone to secondary pollution, it has a good advantage in environmental governance.

绿色工质HP-1高温热泵系统中膨胀阀开度与流量匹配特性

节流过程作为热泵系统中的重要环节,对系统运行有着重要影响.以新型环保工质HP-1准二级压缩高温热泵为对象,考虑电子膨胀阀的阀体开度和制冷剂性质等参数影响,利用MATLAB建立系统循环和电子膨胀阀的数学模型,对系统在变工况下的电子膨胀阀开度与流量匹配特性进行模拟,并利用实验数据通过幂律拟合的方法得到了HP-1的流量系数关联式.研究结果表明:椭圆锥形阀体结构的电子膨胀阀可用于HP-1高温热泵系统,能够适应系统在变工况下的节流特性,蒸发温度在50~90℃、冷凝温度在60~120℃范围变化时,该种类型阀体用于主节流阀的开度调节范围为49.8%~69.8%,用于补气路节流阀的开度调节范围为41.5%~56.0%,且经过实验验证具有良好适用性;获得的拟合关联式与实际数据的相对偏差在-7.8%~+7.5%之间,能够准确地预测电子膨胀阀的流量特性.根据制冷剂性质选择与之匹配的电子膨胀阀,并对其控制系统进行优化改进,这对于实际机组的运行性能至关重要.本研究为高温热泵用电子膨胀阀的选型与控制系统的优化提供了良好的研究基础.

Preparation of waterborne polyurethane/β-cyclodextrin composite nanosponge by ion condensation method and its application in removing of dyes from wastewater

Currently,polymer nanosponges have received extensive attention.However,developing new synthetic techniques for novel nanosponges remains a challenge.Furthermore,to date,composite nanosponge adsorbents based on waterborne polyurethane(WPU)andβ-cyclodextrin(β-CD)have not been reported.Herein,a novel green method,ion condensation method,was developed in this study for the preparation of polymer nanosponge adsorbents for efficient removal of dyes from wastewater.Based on the principle of charge repulsion between nanoparticles to maintain emulsion stability,waterborne polyurethane/β-cyclodextrin composite nanosponges(WPU-x,y)were prepared by coagulating the emulsions synthesized from 2,2-dimethylolpropionic acid,polypropylene glycol and hexamethylene diisocyanate as raw materials in a mixture of hydrochloric acid and anhydrous ethanol.The structure and appearance of WPU-x,y were characterized by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,thermal gravimetric analyzer,scanning electron microscope and mercury intrusion porosimetry.The adsorption capacity of WPU-x,y was tested by parameters such as cross-linking degree,β-CD dosage,contact time,initial dye concentration and p H value.The study found that WPU-4,4.62 had the best adsorption effect on methylene blue(MB),the maximum removal rate was 93.42%,and the maximum adsorption capacity was 136.03 mg·g^(-1).Moreover,the Sips isotherm and pseudo-second-order-model were suitable for MB adsorption.Therefore,this study provides some perspectives for the fabrication of nanosponge adsorbents.

气相色谱HP-5柱快速测定苯乙烯中DNBP含量

采用色谱柱HP-5分离苯乙烯中DNBP(2-仲丁基-4,6-二硝基苯酚),氢火焰离子检测器(FID)检测、外标法[1]定量,快速测定苯乙烯中DNBP含量。实验结果表明,此方法准确度和精密度较好,分析时间短,满足方法标准[2]要求和工艺控制要求,能成功替代传统分光光度比色法。

对流扩散特征值问题的hp-局部不连续伽辽金方法

对流扩散方程是偏微分方程一个很重要的分支并且在许多领域都有广泛的应用,对流扩散方程特征值问题的数值方法的研究有重要的实际应用,所以这也是前计算数学界的热点,本文研究了对流扩散特征值问题的hp- 局部不连续断伽辽金方法(LDG),通过分析得到了先验误差估计,即关于网格尺寸h 是最优以及关于p 是次优的hp- 误差估计,并且进行了相应的数值实验。

HP-β-CD消除SDS对SDBS同步荧光光谱的影响

十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)与十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDS)之间的相互作用,能对SDBS的检测产生明显干扰。实验结果表明,在水溶液中SDS不仅可以增大SDBS的同步荧光强度,还能显著降低SDBS的表观临界胶束浓度。按SDBS的摩尔计量比加入1∶1的羟丙基-β-环糊精(HP-β-CD),可以消除SDS对SDBS的同步荧光强度的干扰。相比于形成胶束,在SDS/SDBS水溶液中,SDBS单体优先选择与HP-β-CD形成量比1∶1的包结物。当水溶液中HP-β-CD的浓度由0增加至0.900 mmol·L^(-1)时,复配体系中SDBS形成胶束的标准摩尔吉布斯函变ΔγGθm由-39.681 k J·mol-1增加至-37.580 k J·mol^(-1)。加入适量HP-β-CD后,能够准确检测SDS/SDBS水溶液中SDBS的含量(临盘采油厂T5站地层水样),方法的回收率为101.0%~101.6%。FT-IR及1H-NMR分析表明,SDBS分子进入HP-β-CD分子内腔的大口径端并形成量比1∶1的包结物,是消除SDS对SDBS检测干扰的根本原因。

甘草黄酮-HP-β-CD包合物的制备及增溶作用研究

目的筛选制备甘草黄酮-HP-β-CD包合物的最佳工艺。方法采用正交设计实验以包合率和包合物得率为指标筛选最佳工艺条件,采用紫外分光光度法测定溶解度。结果甘草黄酮-HP-β-CD包合物的最佳工艺为甘草黄酮:HP-β-CD=1:3(w/w),包合时间6 h,温度60℃。结论甘草黄酮通过HP-β-CD包合后溶解度增加。

hp-1和hp-2基因对番茄营养生长及色素积累的影响

以9套含有纯合hp-1和hp-2基因的番茄自交系为材料,通过对苗期营养生长和果实色素积累有关特征比较发现:在光周期生长条件下,所有含有hp-1和hp-2基因的番茄自交系均表现出相似的特征。即与不含hp基因对照相比:幼苗下胚轴和植株节间显著受到抑制,花期延迟(p<0.01);子叶、胚轴、花萼以及果实中叶绿素、花青素和番茄红素显著提高;hp-1和hp-2基因在不同遗传背景下表现度不同。

HP-20树脂分离与纯化荷叶黄酮的技术研究

荷叶黄酮是荷叶中的主要活性成分之一,主要为黄酮醇和黄酮苷类,成为现代健康产品研究开发的热点。试验以高含量的荷叶黄酮为样品,比较X-5、HP-20,NKA、AB-8及HPD-100几种大孔吸附树脂的吸附效果,结果显示HP-20分离效果最好,静态饱和吸附量可达68.90 mg/g树脂,解吸率达87.23%,动态饱和吸附7 mg/mL的荷叶黄酮的料液可达15 BV。系统优化了HP-20树脂柱分离纯化用70%的乙醇提取的荷叶醇提物,得到荷叶黄酮的分离纯化的技术参数。结果表明:上样浓度为200 mg/mL,流速为2 BV/h的洗脱速度时,40%的乙醇对荷叶黄酮的洗脱能力较强,经过一次分离黄酮含量可达62.06%,此梯度黄酮的得率可达81.40%,荷叶黄酮的总得率为98.17%,经过再分离,荷叶黄酮含量可提高到98.87%。

Biomimetic asymmetric Michael addition reactions in water catalyzed by amino-containing β-cyclodextrin derivatives

Nineβ‐cyclodextrin derivatives containing an amino group were synthesized via nucleophilic sub‐stitution from mono（6‐O‐p‐tolylsulfonyl）‐β‐cyclodextrin and used in asymmetric biomimetic Mi‐chael addition reactions in water at room temperature. The mechanism responsible for the moder‐ate activity and enantioselectivity of the β‐cyclodextrin derivatives was explored using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, namely 2D 1H rotating‐frame overhauser effect spectroscopy （ROESY）, ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy, and quantum chemical calculations, which provide a useful technique for investigating the formation of inclusion complexes. The effects of the pH of the reaction medium, theβ‐cyclodextrin derivative dosage, the structure of the modifying amino group, and various substrates on the yield and enantioselectivity were investigated. The results indicated that these factors had an important effect on the enantiomeric excess （ee） in the reaction system. Experiments using a competitor for inclusion complex formation showed that a hydrophobic cavity is necessary for enantioselective Michael addition. A comparison of the reactions using 4‐nitro‐β‐nitrostyrene and 2‐nitro‐β‐nitrostyrene showed that steric hindrance improved the enan‐tioselectivity. This was verified by the optimized geometries obtained from quantum chemical cal‐culations. An ee of 71%was obtained in the asymmetric Michael addition of cyclohexanone and 2‐nitro‐β‐nitrostyrene, using （S）‐2‐aminomethylpyrrolidine‐modified β‐CD as the catalyst, in an aqueous buffer solution, i.e., CH3COONa‐HCl （pH 7.5）.

HP-β-CD对不动杆菌降解高浓度硝基苯的影响

研究了在不动杆菌降解高浓度硝基苯的过程中添加羟丙基-β-环糊精(HP-β-CD)对细菌生长、硝基苯的去除及中间产物的转化的影响.利用乙酸酐直接将硝基苯的降解样品酰基化,通过GC-MS分析定性出降解中间产物2 氨基苯酚.在适宜降解菌生长的400mg·L-1硝基苯初始浓度下,加入250和500mg·L-1HP-β-CD对生物量和硝基苯的降解基本无影响;当硝基苯初始浓度约为850mg·L-1时,加入HP-β-CD(>2000mg·L-1)显著促进了细菌的生长、硝基苯的降解和2-氨基苯酚的生物转化,并且促进程度与加入量成正比.这种促进主要是因为HP-β-CD的空腔对硝基苯和2-氨基苯酚的包合产生了脱毒的效果.当HP-β-CD的加入浓度分别为0,2000,4000mg·L-1时,降解菌对850mg·L-1硝基苯的降解都遵循一级反应动力学,降解速率常数由0 0077h-1分别增加到0 0089和0 0161h-1,当HP-β-CD的加入浓度为8000mg·L-1时,降解菌对850mg·L-1硝基苯的降解遵循零级反应动力学,其降解速率常数为16 1162mg·L-1·h-1.

西番莲果皮黄酮微胶囊的制备及其对运动耐力的影响

为提高西番莲果皮黄酮的稳定性,并考察其对机体运动的影响。以羟丙基-β-环糊精为壁材、西番莲果皮黄酮为芯材,采用喷雾干燥法制备西番莲果皮黄酮微胶囊,通过单因素与响应面试验确定该微胶囊的最佳制备工艺条件,同时采用动物实验研究其抗运动疲劳活性。结果表明,西番莲果皮黄酮微胶囊的最佳制备工艺条件为:芯壁比为1∶10(g/mL),包埋温度49℃,搅拌时间53 min,进风干燥温度163℃。该条件下制得的西番莲果皮黄酮微胶囊外观略呈球形,大小基本均一,表面完整且光滑,包埋率达84.7%,平均粒径为7.52μm,含水量为3.72%,堆密度为0.51 g/mL,休止角为35.12°。在相同储藏条件下,西番莲果皮黄酮微胶囊中黄酮类化合物的保留率高于其纯化物,表明微胶囊化有助于提高西番莲果皮黄酮的稳定性。通过不同组别小鼠的运动耐力考察指标结果对比分析发现,西番莲果皮黄酮微胶囊可明显延长小鼠的力竭游泳时间,减少运动后血清中乳酸与尿素氮的含量,从而帮助机体进一步提高运动耐力。该研究可为西番莲果皮的利用提供新的思路。

细辛、辛夷挥发油β-环糊精和HP-β-环糊精包合物的制备及其对透皮吸收的影响

目的研究穴贴定喘膏中细辛和辛夷挥发油的β-环糊精和HP-β-环糊精包合物的制备及其对透皮吸收的影响。方法挥发油分别用β-环糊精和HP-β-环糊精包合,采用Franz扩散装置,运用气相色谱法测定挥发油成分,考察β-环糊精和HP-β-环糊精包合对透皮吸收的影响。结果β-环糊精包合物的累积透过率优于HP-β-环糊精包合物。结论挥发油用β-环糊精包合可促进透皮吸收。

Preparation and Physicochemical Characterization of Quercetin-HP-β-CD Inclusion Complexes

Aim To prepare and characterize the QURC-HP-β-CD inclusion complexes and investigate the thermodynamic parameters of the process. Methods QURC-HP-β-CD inclusion complexes were prepared by the grinding method. The equilibrium inclusion constants and thermodynamic parameters were determinated by phase solubility analysis. Dissolution tests were performed to study the dissolution rate of inclusion complexes. The formation of inclusion complexes was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry （ DSC）, infrared spectroscopy （IR） , powder X-ray diffractometry （PXRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. Results The aqueous solubility of quercetin was greatly increased （ about 37 folds） by inclusion technique, and the initial dissolution rate was markedly improved （10 folds） in the first 5 min. The results of DSC and SEM photographs showed that quercetin crystal disappeared in inclusion complexes, which indicated the formation of new phase. FT-IR spectra showed that the carbonyl quercetin crystal grinding method. absorption band of quercetin was shifted. PXRD showed that the diffraction peak of disappeared. Conclusion QURC-HP-β-CD inclusion complexes are produced by the The solubility of quercetin is improved by the inclusion technique.

HP-20大孔吸附树脂分离纯化儿茶素EGCg的效果

以EGCg(表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯)含量为31.52%的儿茶素粗提物为原料,比较D202、XDA-1、D201、D900、LSA-7、HP-20等6种大孔吸附树脂对EGCg的静态吸附与解吸的效果,并应用最佳大孔吸附树脂HP-20对EGCg分别进行动态等梯度洗脱和梯度洗脱试验,优化HP-20大孔吸附树脂分离纯化EGCg的技术参数.结果表明,应用体积为125mL的柱进行等梯度洗脱时,1.8g上样量、2BV/h流速、40%乙醇体积分数、2BV洗脱体积,EGCg的纯度和得率分别达55.92%和95.22%;以同样的柱进行梯度洗脱时,1.8g上样量、30%乙醇洗脱、2BV/h流速、2BV洗脱体积、收集1～2BV的体积段,EGCg的纯度和得率分别达68.32%和72.08%.

相溶解度法测定不同pH值下丹参酮Ⅱ_A-HP-β-CyD包合稳定常数

目的:利用相溶解度法研究不同pH值溶液下丹参酮ⅡA-HP-β-CyD包合稳定常数的变化。方法:用不同pH值的溶液配制一系列浓度的HP-β-CyD溶液,加入过量的丹参酮IIA提取物,绘制相溶解度图,并采用薄层色谱法对在包合物进行验证。结果:相溶解度曲线为线性关系,包合模型为AL型。当溶液呈酸性时,丹参酮ⅡA-HP-β-CyD包合物的包合稳定常数随着pH值的增大而逐渐减小,包合物越不稳定;当溶液呈碱性时,丹参酮ⅡA-HP-β-CyD包合物的包合稳定常数随着pH值的增大而逐渐增大。结论:结果表明HP-β-CyD对丹参酮IIA有很好的增溶效果,在常温和酸性条件下对丹参酮ⅡA-HP-β-CyD的包合有利。

氯氮平HP-β-环糊精包合物及其口腔崩解片的制备与评价

目的制备氯氮平环糊精包合物口腔崩解片,确定其处方并进行质量评价。方法将氯氮平制成HP-β-CD包合物,正交设计法选择崩解剂、填充剂后制成口腔崩解片,考察崩解片的崩解时间、溶出度等指标,优选片剂辅料。结果氯氮平包合物包封率和载药量分别为71.12%、18.52%,以甘露醇、微晶纤维素、羧甲基淀粉钠为辅料制备的氯氮平口腔崩解片崩解时间<1 min,累积溶出度101.5%。结论选定辅料可用于制备氯氮平HP-β-CD包合物口腔崩解片,质量符合要求。