为明确内蒙古中西部地区臭氧(O_(3))污染的天气形势分型及气象要素阈值,采用斜交旋转主成分分析法(obliquely rotated Principal Components in T-mode,PCT)对2015—2021年该地区6个盟市的O_(3)污染过程进行了地面及高空环流形势分析,...为明确内蒙古中西部地区臭氧(O_(3))污染的天气形势分型及气象要素阈值,采用斜交旋转主成分分析法(obliquely rotated Principal Components in T-mode,PCT)对2015—2021年该地区6个盟市的O_(3)污染过程进行了地面及高空环流形势分析,并结合典型O_(3)污染个例,探讨了天气形势、气象要素与O_(3)污染间的关系。结果表明,内蒙古中西部地区O_(3)污染过程在500 hPa环流场中可分为3种类型:脊前西北气流型、平直西风型、高压脊型;在海平面气压场中可分为4种类型:均压场型、低压控制型、高压南部型、低压前部型。环流配置可分为5种类型:高压脊—均压场型、脊前西北气流—低压控制型、平直西风—高压南部型、脊前西北气流—低压南部型、脊前西北气流—均压场型。阿拉善、乌海地区O_(3)超标主要为平直西风—高压南部型,而其他城市多为脊前西北气流—低压控制型。这两种大气环流配置是发生O_(3)污染的主要气象条件。典型区域性O_(3)污染通常发生在特定大气环流形势下,边界层存在逆温层时,逆温强度越强,垂直扩散条件越差,不利于近地面污染物的扩散。气象要素如地面最高气温、日照时数和平均相对湿度对O_(3)污染均有影响。在干燥地区如阿拉善、乌海和巴彦淖尔,O_(3)质量浓度超标时,最高气温通常不低于30℃,日照时数不少于10 h;而相对湿润地区如鄂尔多斯、包头和呼和浩特,O_(3)质量浓度超标时,最高气温通常不低于27℃,日照时数不少于8 h。此外,当风向为西南、南、东南,风速为2.0~5.0 m·s^(-1)时,易发生O_(3)污染。展开更多
Background:Bacillary layer detachment(BALAD)is a phenomenon characterized by fluid accumulation at the myoid region of the inner photoreceptor segments identifiable on optical coherence tomography(OCT)imaging.This fin...Background:Bacillary layer detachment(BALAD)is a phenomenon characterized by fluid accumulation at the myoid region of the inner photoreceptor segments identifiable on optical coherence tomography(OCT)imaging.This finding has been recently described in patients with diverse primary diagnoses which share the common feature of serous exudation in the posterior pole.However,thus far there have been very few reports in the literature of BALAD in patients with posterior scleritis.Case Description:A 16-year-old male presented with unilateral vision changes that acutely worsened overnight to significant unilateral vision loss.He was eventually diagnosed with idiopathic posterior scleritis with associated BALAD on OCT.Similar to other reported cases of BALAD,he experienced anatomic restoration of the outer retina followed by good visual recovery after treatment with high dose steroid,ultimately with complete recovery of both retinal anatomy and vision within 4 months.Conclusions:This case provides further evidence that posterior scleritis can be a cause of BALAD.The rapid presentation and excellent visual and anatomical outcome of this case is entirely consistent with known descriptions of BALAD in a variety of other conditions,further supporting the categorization of BALAD as an entity which retinal specialists should be able to recognize as distinct from other forms of intraretinal fluid,retinal detachment,and retinoschisis.展开更多
文摘为明确内蒙古中西部地区臭氧(O_(3))污染的天气形势分型及气象要素阈值,采用斜交旋转主成分分析法(obliquely rotated Principal Components in T-mode,PCT)对2015—2021年该地区6个盟市的O_(3)污染过程进行了地面及高空环流形势分析,并结合典型O_(3)污染个例,探讨了天气形势、气象要素与O_(3)污染间的关系。结果表明,内蒙古中西部地区O_(3)污染过程在500 hPa环流场中可分为3种类型:脊前西北气流型、平直西风型、高压脊型;在海平面气压场中可分为4种类型:均压场型、低压控制型、高压南部型、低压前部型。环流配置可分为5种类型:高压脊—均压场型、脊前西北气流—低压控制型、平直西风—高压南部型、脊前西北气流—低压南部型、脊前西北气流—均压场型。阿拉善、乌海地区O_(3)超标主要为平直西风—高压南部型,而其他城市多为脊前西北气流—低压控制型。这两种大气环流配置是发生O_(3)污染的主要气象条件。典型区域性O_(3)污染通常发生在特定大气环流形势下,边界层存在逆温层时,逆温强度越强,垂直扩散条件越差,不利于近地面污染物的扩散。气象要素如地面最高气温、日照时数和平均相对湿度对O_(3)污染均有影响。在干燥地区如阿拉善、乌海和巴彦淖尔,O_(3)质量浓度超标时,最高气温通常不低于30℃,日照时数不少于10 h;而相对湿润地区如鄂尔多斯、包头和呼和浩特,O_(3)质量浓度超标时,最高气温通常不低于27℃,日照时数不少于8 h。此外,当风向为西南、南、东南,风速为2.0~5.0 m·s^(-1)时,易发生O_(3)污染。
基金This work was supported by an unrestricted grant to the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences from Research to Prevent Blindness.
文摘Background:Bacillary layer detachment(BALAD)is a phenomenon characterized by fluid accumulation at the myoid region of the inner photoreceptor segments identifiable on optical coherence tomography(OCT)imaging.This finding has been recently described in patients with diverse primary diagnoses which share the common feature of serous exudation in the posterior pole.However,thus far there have been very few reports in the literature of BALAD in patients with posterior scleritis.Case Description:A 16-year-old male presented with unilateral vision changes that acutely worsened overnight to significant unilateral vision loss.He was eventually diagnosed with idiopathic posterior scleritis with associated BALAD on OCT.Similar to other reported cases of BALAD,he experienced anatomic restoration of the outer retina followed by good visual recovery after treatment with high dose steroid,ultimately with complete recovery of both retinal anatomy and vision within 4 months.Conclusions:This case provides further evidence that posterior scleritis can be a cause of BALAD.The rapid presentation and excellent visual and anatomical outcome of this case is entirely consistent with known descriptions of BALAD in a variety of other conditions,further supporting the categorization of BALAD as an entity which retinal specialists should be able to recognize as distinct from other forms of intraretinal fluid,retinal detachment,and retinoschisis.
