Research Progress on Purification Process, Content Determination and Pharmacological Action of Atractylodin

Atractylodis Rhizoma comes from the dry rhizome of Atractylis lancea or Atractylodes chinensis in the Compositae family,and it is suitable for preventing and treating diseases such as cold,edema,night blindness and rheumatic arthralgia.Atractylodin is the main active component extracted and isolated from Atractylodis Rhizoma.A large number of studies have found that atractylodin has excellent drug activity in improving gastrointestinal emptying,anti-inflammation,inhibiting malignant tumor and reducing blood lipid.In this paper,the purification process and pharmacological activity of Atractylodin were summarized to provide a theoretical basis for basic research,clinical application and further development and utilization of atractylodin.

TLC Identification of Yao Medicine Pileostegia tomentellal and Extraction Technology and Content Determination of Umbelliferone

[Objectives]To establish a TLC and content determination method of Pileostegia tomentellal,with umbelliferone as the indicator component.[Methods]TLC identification was performed by silica gel G thin layer plate with n-hexane-ethyl acetate(4:3)as the developing agent,and the plate was examined by UV lamp(365 nm).The umbelliferone content was determined by HPLC:Inertsil ODS-3 C 18 column(4.60 mm×250 mm,5μm);mobile phase acetonitrile-0.2%phosphoric acid gradient elution;detection wavelength 320 nm,flow rate 1.0 mL/min,column temperature 30℃,injection volume 10μL.[Results]The chromatogram of P.tomentellal showed the same color spot in the same position as that of reference medicinal material,and the spot was clear with good specificity.Umbelliferone showed a good linear relationship when the injection volume was 2.63-131.27μg/mL(R^(2)=0.9997).The average recovery of umbelliferone in the low,middle and high adding groups of P.tomentellal was 99.57%and the RSD was 2.15%.[Conclusions]The method can effectively identify Yao medicine P.tomentellal and accurately determine the content of umbelliferone in medicinal materials,which will provide a scientific basis for the development and utilization of medicinal resources of Yao medicine P.tomentellal.

Determination of Salvianolic Acid B in Yiqi Huayu Prescription by HPLC

[Objectives]To determine the content of salvianolic acid B in Yiqi Huayu Prescription by HPLC.[Methods]The chromatographic column was ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C 18(4.6 nm×250 nm,5μm);the mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.1%phosphoric acid(21:79),the detection wavelength was 286 nm,the column temperature was 30℃,and the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min.A method for determination of salvianolic acid B in Yiqi Huayu Prescription was established.[Results]The linear relationship of salvianolic acid B was good in the range of 0.0214-0.4064 mg/mL.The regression equation was Y=5995.98984 X-0.07332,r=0.9999.The average recovery rate was 98.88%(RSD=1.6%).[Conclusions]The method is reliable,accurate and specific,and can be used for the determination of salvianolic acid B in Yiqi Huayu Prescription.

Determination of Chlorogenic Acid,Geniposide,Total Flavonoids and Total Triterpenes in Wulan-13

[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish a method for the determination of chlorogenic acid,geniposide,total flavonoids and total triterpenes in Wulan-13.[Methods]The contents of chlorogenic acid and geniposide were determined by HPLC,and the contents of total flavonoids and total triterpenes were determined by an ultraviolet spectrophotometer.[Results]There was a good linear relation between the mass of chlorogenic acid reference substance and the peak area in the range of 0.05-0.45μg,and the regression equation was Y=2524.1X+3.1943,(r=0.9998).A good linear relationship was found between the mass of gardenoside reference substance and the peak area in the range of 0.776-6.984μg,and the regression equation was Y=1670.5X+64.804,(r=0.9998).There was also a good linear relation between the mass of rutin reference substance and its absorbance in the range of 0.00808-0.04848 mg,and the regression equation was Y=12.916X+0.014,(r=0.999).The mass of oleanolic acid reference substance had a good linear relation with its absorbance in the range of 0.00418-0.0209 mg,and the regression equation was Y=51.89X-0.0839,(r=0.9991).[Conclusions]The content determination method is simple,reliable and reproducible,and suitable for controlling the contents of chlorogenic acid,geniposide,total flavonoids and total triterpenes in Wulan-13.

Determination of Benzoylaconitine Compounds in the Decoctions of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata(Heishun Pieces),Trichosanthis Fructus and Their Combination

[Objectives]This study was conducted to determine the contents of benzoylmesaconine,benzoylaconitine and benzoylhypacoitine in the decoctions of Heishun pieces,Trichosanthis Fructus and their combination.[Methods]Heishun pieces,Trichosanthis Fructus and their combination were extracted for different time periods,and then grouped.HPLC was performed using an Agilent ZORBAX SB-C 18 chromatographic column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)and acetonitrile-0.02 mol/L sodium dihydrogen phosphate as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL/min and a column temperature of 30℃,and the sample volume was 20μL.The detection wavelength was 230 nm.[Results]The total amounts of benzoylmesaconine,benzoylaconitine and benzoylhypacoitine in the single decoction group of Heishun pieces were all significantly different from those in the combined decoction group at corresponding time.[Conclusions]The total content of the benzoylaconitine type increased significantly after the combined decoction of Heishun pieces and Fructus Trichosanthis,which proves the scientificity of"eighteen incompatible medicaments,19 counteraction"in traditional Chinese medicine to some extent.

Purification Process,Content Determination,Pharmacological Activity and Molecular Mechanism of Neogambogic Acid

Neogambogic acid is characterized by broad antitumor spectrum,good antitumor effect and low toxicity and side effects.This paper reviews the purification process,content determination and pharmacologic activity of neogambogic acid,in order to provide a theoretical reference for the research and application of neogambogic acid.

Research Progress on Purification Process Optimization and Content Determination of Zeaxanthin

At present,the purification process of zeaxanthin mainly includes organic solvent extraction,ultrasonic-assisted extraction and enzyme extraction,and the content determination technology mainly includes ultraviolet-spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography.In this paper,the purification process and content determination technology of zeaxanthin in recent years are reviewed in order to provide ideas and theoretical basis for further research and application of zeaxanthin.

Determination of the Content of Five Active Components in Toad Skin

[Objectives] To establish a method for the determination of active components in toad skin. [Methods] HPLC method was used to determine the content of five active components (bufotalin, cinobufotalin, bufalin, cinobufagin and resibufogenin) in toad skin. [Results] Chromatographic conditions are as follows: Agilent ZORBAX SB-C 18 chromatographic column was used;acetonitrile (A)-0.3% glacial acetic acid (B) gradient elution (0-15 min, 28%A-54%A;15-35 min, 54%A-54%A) was conducted;the flow rate was 0.6 mL/min;the detection wavelength was 296 nm;the column temperature was 30 ℃;the sample size was 10 μL. Under the above conditions, the determination method of the five components can be established at one time. [Conclusions] The method was stable and reliable, and can provide experimental basis for the development and utilization of active ingredients in toad skin.

Content Determination of Astragaloside Ⅳ in Astragalus from Three Different Regions by HPLC

[Objectives] The content of astragaloside in Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.) Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.) Hisao from three different regions was determined.[Methods] Referring to the method recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition),the content of astragaloside IV in A.membranaceus was determined by HPLC.[Results] There were great differences in the astragaloside IV content of A.membranaceus among different regions.The content of astragaloside IV in A.membranaceus cultivated in Inner Mongolia was highest(0.155%),followed by that(0.143%) in A.membranaceus cultivated in Gansu,and the content of astragaloside IV in A.membranaceus cultivated in Shanxi was lowest(0.080%).The contents of astragaloside IV in A.membranaceus from different regions were all in line with the standard(not less than 0.040%) of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition).[Conclusions]The content of astragaloside IV in A.membranaceus cultivated in three different regions met the medicinal standards.

Content Determination of Quercetin in Ferment of Ginkgo biloba L. Leaves by HPLC

[Objectives] This study aimed to determine the content of quercetin in ferment of Ginkgo biloba L.leaves.[Methods]Bacillus licheniformis was selected for solid-state fermentation of G.biloba leaf powder,and the content of quercetin in ferment of G.biloba leaves was determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.First,the flavonoid glycosides were extracted with methanol.Then,the flavonoid glycosides were hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid to prepare the test solution.The chromatographic conditions were as follows:Platisil ODS C_(18) column(150 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm);V_(methonal)∶V_(water)(0.4% phosphoric acid solution) =55∶45;flow rate of 1 m L/min;Shimadzu UV detector;detection wavelength of 360 nm.[Results] Quercetin was used as a reference substance.In the range of 0.002 6-0.036 0 g/L,there was a good linear relationship,with correlation coefficient of 0.999 8 and RSD of 1.26%.[Conclusions] This method is simple,easy to operate,accurate,and reproducible.It is suitable for the determination of quercetin content in G.biloba leaves.

Determination of Naringin Content in Peel of Guangxi Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr by HPLC

[Objectives]To establish a method for determining the naringin content in the peel of Guangxi Citrus maxima(Burm.)Merr.[Methods]The high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method was applied.The chromatographic column was Agilent HC-C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm);the mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.1%phosphoric acid(18∶82);the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min;the column temperature was 25℃;the detection wavelength was 283 nm.[Results]Naringin showed a good linear relationship in the range of 0.164-3.27μg,r=0.9999.The average recovery rate was 98.66%,and RSD=1.80%(n=6).[Conclusions]This method is simple,feasible,reproducible,and accurate,so it can be used for the determination of naringin content in the peel of Guangxi C.maxima.

HPLC Method for Determination of Content of Total Flavonoids from Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) Leaves

[Objectives]This study was conducted to determine the content of total flavonoids in ginkgo ( Ginkgo biloba L.) leaves.[Methods]The content of total flavonoids from ginkgo leaves was determined by reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC).The flavonoid glycosides were first extracted with methanol,and hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid solution to prepare a test solution.Platisil ODS C18 column (150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) and the mobile phase V methanol ∶ V water (0.4% phosphoric acid solution)=85∶ 15 were selected for HPLC separation.The HPLC separation was performed with the column at a column temperature of 25℃ using the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 ml/min.The sample size was 10 μl,and detection was performed with an Agilent HPLC ultraviolet detector at 360 nm.[Results]The reference substance,quercetin,had good linearity in the range of 0.002 6-0.052 0 g/L,with a correlation coefficient of 0.999 7;and the RSD was 1.26%.[Conclusions]The determination method has rapid and simple operation with accurate results and is good in repeatability.This method is suitable for the determination of content of total flavonoids in ginkgo leaves.

HPLC法测定肾康灵胶囊中盐酸小檗碱的含量

目的 建立肾康灵胶囊中盐酸小檗碱的HPLC含量测定方法,为质量控制提供依据。方法 采用HPLC法,色谱柱:Sapphire-C_(18)柱(4.6×250 mm, 5μm);流动相:乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液(梯度洗脱);流动相流速:1.0 mL·min^(-1);检测波长:265 nm;柱温:30℃,进样量:10μL。结果 盐酸小檗碱含量在0.0584~0.5840μg范围内与峰面积值呈良好线性关系(R^(2)=0.9981),精密度和重复性试验的RSD均<2.0%(n=6),稳定性试验(18 h内)的RSD为1.11%,平均加样回收率为98.24%,RSD=1.43%(n=6)。结论 该方法快速简便、稳定性好,专属性强,重复性良好,可为肾康灵胶囊的质量控制提供依据。

HPLC指纹图谱结合多成分含量测定评价香附质量

目的建立香附药材的高效液相色谱(High performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)指纹图谱,结合4种化学成分含量对不同产地及用药规格香附的质量进行综合评价。方法采集HPLC指纹图谱,并结合聚类分析(Cluster analysis,CA)和主成分分析(Principal component analysis,CA)等多种化学计量学方法对不同产地及用药规格的香附药材进行区分比较。利用HPLC法测定香附药材中香附烯酮、α-香附酮、木犀草素和阿魏酸的含量。结果CA和PCA分析结果显示,不同产地香附均可单独聚为一类,而浙江金华与其他产地香附差异最大,河南尉氏香附综合得分最高,质量较优;正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(Orthogonal partial least square-discriminant,OPLS-DA)结果显示,指纹图谱中13号峰(α-香附酮)、10号峰(香附烯酮)和14号峰是不同产地间香附质量产生差异的主要成分。广东湛江和浙江金华香附中香附烯酮与α-香附酮含量较为接近,香附烯酮含量远大于河南香附,α-香附酮含量远小于河南香附;不同产地香附中阿魏酸和木犀草素含量差异不大。去皮后香附中香附烯酮、α-香附酮和木犀草素含量降低,阿魏酸含量增加。结论不同产地间香附质量存在差异,以河南香附质量最佳。去皮前后香附化学成分相似,无明显种类差异。

HPLC法同时测定杠板归不同部位中5种成分的含量

目的建立高效液相色谱法同时测定杠板归不同部位(茎、叶、根)中5种成分的含量。方法采用Luna?-C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-0.1%磷酸水为流动相梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为320 nm,柱温为30℃,测定杠板归不同部位中绿原酸、咖啡酸、芦丁、阿魏酸、槲皮素的含量。结果绿原酸、咖啡酸、芦丁、阿魏酸、槲皮素分别在0.046~4.6μg/mL,0.212~21.2μg/mL,0.055~5.5μg/mL,0.084~8.4μg/mL,0.114~11.4μg/mL范围内质量浓度与峰面积呈线性关系良好(r>0.9990),平均加样回收率为97.65%~102.09%,RSD为1.76%~2.44%。不同部位中5种成分含量差异较大,绿原酸和咖啡酸2个成分在叶中含量高,且远远高于根和茎中的含量;芦丁和阿魏酸主要存在于茎和根中,叶中未检测到;槲皮素在茎中含量最高,叶中次之,根中最低。结论建立的HPLC方法准确可靠、重复性好、专属性强,可用于杠板归不同部位中5个成分含量的同时测定。

HPLC法同时测定五味消渴颗粒中5种成分研究

目的建立高效液相色谱法(HPLC)以同时测定五味消渴颗粒中的芦丁、甘草苷、盐酸巴马汀、盐酸小檗碱、甘草酸铵的成分。方法五味消渴颗粒的甲醇提取液采用Waters SunFire TM C_(18)色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5µm);以乙腈-0.02 mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,检测波长为260 nm、370 nm;流速1.0 mL/min;柱温30℃。结果5种成分在各自范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.9996),平均加样回收率为100.44%~103.50%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.92%~3.99%。结论建立的测定方法简便可靠、重现性好,可为五味消渴颗粒的质量评价提供参考。

基于HPLC法及UPLC-MS法测定芫花饮片炮制前后7种成分的含量变化

目的:建立HPLC法及UPLC-MS法测定芫花中银椴苷、木犀草素、芹菜素、绿原酸、羟基芫花素、芫花素及芫花酯甲7种化学成分含量的方法,分析芫花炮制前后化学成分的变化。方法:采用HPLC法,测定银椴苷、木犀草素、芹菜素、绿原酸、羟基芫花素和芫花素6种成分的含量,色谱柱为Agilent Eclipse Plus C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈(A)-0.1%甲酸(B)梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL·min^(-1),进样量10μL。同时采用UPLC-MS方法测定芫花酯甲的含量,色谱柱为ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm),流动相为乙腈(A)-0.1%甲酸(B)梯度洗脱,流速0.3 mL·min-1,柱温35℃,进样量1μL。结果:7种成分的含量由高到低依次为芫花素>绿原酸>银椴苷>芹菜素>羟基芫花素>木犀草素>芫花酯甲。芫花炮制后7种成分的含量均发生一定程度的变化,其中绿原酸成分在炮制后含量有升高有降低,变化不明显;对于银椴苷和芹菜素成分,炮制后含量降低;对于木犀草素、羟基芫花素和芫花素3个成分,炮制后含量升高;对于芫花酯甲成分,炮制后含量降低。结论:该方法简便、灵敏、高效,为考察芫花饮片炮制前后的质量变化提供了技术支持。

HPLC法测定十三味逐瘀合剂中游离大黄酚含量

目的建立十三味逐瘀合剂中大黄酚高效液相含量测定的方法。方法采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC法)对十三味逐瘀合剂中游离大黄酚含量进行测定,从提取溶剂、取样量、提取时间等影响因素中选出最优条件,建立完整的含量测定方法。结果用thermos C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);以甲醇-0.1%磷酸(75∶25,V/V)为流动相,采用等度洗脱法,254 nm波长的色谱条件;以甲醇为浸膏提取溶剂,超声30 min的提取方法;大黄酚质量浓度在1.63~16.32μg/mL(R^(2)=0.9995)范围内具有良好的线性关系;平均回收率为104.17%;测得十三味逐瘀合剂中游离大黄酚平均含量为15.32μg/mL。结论本实验所建立的方法操作简单,专属性强,重现性好,可用于十三味逐瘀合剂中游离大黄酚的含量测定。

HPLC-ELSD同时测定腺梗豨莶草中6个二萜成分的含量

为了研究腺梗豨莶草中6个二萜成分(对映海松烯型二萜:奇任醇、Hythiemoside B和豨莶精醇;对映贝壳杉烷型二萜:对映-17,18-二羟基-贝壳杉烷-19-羧酸、对映-16β,17-二羟基-贝壳杉烷-19-羧酸和对映-16α氢-贝壳杉烷-17,19-二羧酸)的含量,本试验建立了高效液相色谱法-蒸发光散射检测器(HPLC-ELSD)同时测定二萜类化合物含量。样品粉碎过筛加甲醇和乙酸乙酯回流提取,蒸发减压除去溶剂,甲醇溶解,0.45μm滤膜滤过,取续滤液进行测定。色谱条件:色谱柱为Waters Symmetry Shield^(TM)RP18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为0.3%甲酸水溶液-乙腈(v/v),梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min。蒸发光散射检测器漂移管温度为103℃,雾化气流速为3.0 L/min。应用该方法测定腺梗豨莶草样品不同部位中6个二萜类化合物的含量,同时比较叶、枝、茎中对映海松烯型二萜、对映贝壳杉型二萜和总二萜含量的差异。结果显示,6个二萜成分在其线性范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.9992);日内和日间精密度相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于3.5%;回收率介于96.5%~101.5%,RSD均小于2.3%;腺梗豨莶草不同部位(叶、枝、茎)的二萜类化合物含量差异较大。结果表明,本试验所建立的HPLC-ELSD方法简便、准确、重复性好,为腺梗豨莶草药材全面的质量评价和临床应用中最佳药用部位的选择提供了参考。

HPLC法同时测定补肾活血散结胶囊中12种成分的含量

目的建立HPLC法同时测定补肾活血散结胶囊中没食子酸、原儿茶酸、莫诺苷、马钱苷、獐牙菜苷、芍药苷、金丝桃苷、紫云英苷、丹酚酸B、丹酚酸A、朝藿定C、淫羊藿苷的含量。方法分析采用Agilent 5 TC-C_(18)色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相乙腈-0.1%磷酸,梯度洗脱;体积流量1.0 mL/min;柱温30℃;检测波长240 nm。结果12种成分在各自范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.9998),平均加样回收率97.11%~101.14%,RSD 0.60%~2.65%。结论该方法简便准确,重复性好,可用于补肾活血散结胶囊的质量控制。