HPLC多波长切换指纹图谱结合化学计量学研究白术土炒前后成分变化规律

目的 建立测定白术、土白术水溶性和脂溶性成分的高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器(HPLC-DAD)多波长切换指纹图谱,结合化学计量学研究白术土炒前后成分变化规律。方法 建立白术、土白术水溶性及脂溶性成分的HPLC-DAD多波长切换指纹图谱测定方法,测定17批白术和17批土白术的HPLC指纹图谱,采用相似度评价、聚类分析、OPLS-DA分析进行统计分析。结果 白术指纹图谱中共标定9个共有峰,土白术指纹图谱中共标定10个共有峰。指认了新绿原酸、绿原酸、白术内酯Ⅰ、白术内酯Ⅱ、白术内酯Ⅲ及苍术酮6个成分,土炒后1号峰、4号峰(白术内酯Ⅲ)、8号峰(白术内酯Ⅱ)峰面积增加,2号峰(新绿原酸)、3号峰(绿原酸)、5号峰、6号峰、7号峰、9号峰(白术内酯Ⅰ)、10号峰(苍术酮)土炒后峰面积均降低。结论 所建立指纹图谱方法能够系统地分析白术土炒前后化学成分的变化规律,可为进一步规范白术土炒工艺,制定土白术专属性质量标准,研究土白术炮制原理提供实验基础。

A Dual Wavelength Differential First Derivative Spectrophotometric Method for Identification and Determination of Carbon Monoxide Generated During the Microsomal Metabolism of Xenobiotics in vitro

A dual wavelength differential first derivative spectrophotometric method has been developed to standardize the concentration of a saturated aqueous solution of carbon monoxide (CO) as the standard and to identify and to determine CO formed during the microsomal metabolism of xenobiotics in vitro. The method can significantly eliminate the background interference in the assay media and increase the quantitative accuracy and the sensitivity. There is a good linear relationship between CO concentration in the range of 2～10 μmol·L 1 CO and the distance D between the first derivative peak at 415 nm amd valley at 426 nm with r=0.9999(n=5),the regression equation being C (mmol·L 1 )=17.6D 0.4, the detection limit lower than 0.1 μmol·L 1 CO. The average recoveries of CO from the assay system and the sample were 102.1%, RSD=2.9% (n=7) and 79.7%, RSD=6.8% (n=12),respectively. The RSD of within day was 4.4%(n=18),and the RSD of day to day was 6.1%(n=16). By this method, four trihaloanilines and one trihalobenzene were tested, the results showed that only 2,4,5 trifluoroaniline could be converted to CO by the incubation with rat hepatic microsomes, NADPH and oxygen, the ability of phenobarbital or dexamethasone to induce rat hepatic microsomes to catalyze CO formation was 3 or 8 times higher than that of the control.

Simultaneous Determination of Six Constituents in Cangbaiqutong Capsule by HPLC Wavelength Switching Technique

[Objectives] To establish a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) wavelength switching method for the simultaneous determination of content of six constituents (phellodendrine chloride, gentiopicrin, paeoniflorin, tetrandrine, berberine hydrochloride and paeonol) in Cangbaiqutong capsules, and provide a scientific basis for the comprehensive evaluation of the quality of Cangbaiqutong capsule.[Methods] The chromatographic column of Waters XSELECT CSH-C 18 (4.6 mm × 150 mm, 5 μm), the mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphate solution, gradient elution (0-15 min,10%-18% A;15-30 min,18%-50% A;30-35 min, 50%-10% A);the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, wavelength switching of 284 (0-7 min, phellodendrine), 274 (7-10 min, gentiopicrin), 230 (10-14 min, paeoniflorin) and 274 nm (14-35 min, tetrandrine, berberine hydrochloride, paeonol), the injection volume of 10 μL.[Results] There was a good linear relationship between the area of chromatographic peak and the injection volume of phellodendrine chloride, gentiopicrin, paeoniflorin, tetrandrine, berberine hydrochloride and paeonol in the range of 0.150-1.504, 0.768-7.680, 1.096-10.960, 0.220-2.200, 0.296-2.956, 0.0345-0.345 μg, respectively;the average recovery rates ( n =6) were 98.3%, 99.2%, 98.8%, 98.8%, 99.1% and 98.2%, respectively;the RSD value was 1.32%, 1.46%, 1.08%, 1.31%, 1.26% and 1.21%, respectively.[Conclusions] The method can be used to determine many kinds of constituents at the same time, and the operation is simple, accurate and reproducible, and can be used for the quality control of compound Cangbaiqutong capsules.

Variable spot size optical system for a dual-wavelength laser therapy device

The majority of existing high-power laser therapeutic instruments employ a single wavelength for a single target;thus,they do not meet the requirements for clinical treatment.Therefore,this study designs an optical system for a dual-wavelength high-power laser therapeutic device with a variable spot size.The waist of the short arm of the optical cavity and the G1G2 parameter(G-parameter equivalent cavity method)is calculated using MATLAB software,the spot size and divergence angle on the lens are calculated using an ABCD matrix,and the distance between the treatment spot at different spot sizes and the transformation lens is calculated in order to design the treatment handpiece.Experiments are conducted to analyze the stability at an output power of 532 nm before beam combination and the power loss after beam combination.The results show that the output power stability of the 532-nm beam varies by less than 2%over 150 min,and the loss of both wavelengths is less than 20%,which meets the clinical requirements of the system.The safety performance can meet the requirements of national general standards for medical electrical safety.The proposed dual-wavelength laser therapy instrument has both visible wave and near-infrared wave characteristics;thus,it can accurately target both superficial vessels and vessels with a larger diameter and deeper position.This therapeutic device has the advantages of simple operation,stable and reliable laser output,high security and strong anti-interference ability,and meets the comprehensive clinical treat-ment demands of vascular diseases.

Authentication of Cassia seeds on the basis of two-wavelength HPLC fingerprinting with the use of chemometrics

High performance liquid chromatographic(HPLC) fingerprints of Cassia seed,a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),were developed by means of the chromatograms at two wavelengths of 238 and 282 nm.Then,the two data sets were combined into one matrix.The application of principal component analysis(PCA) for this data matrix showed that the samples were clustered into four groups in accordance with the plant sources and preparation procedures.Furthermore,partial least squares(PLS),back propagation artificial neural...

A Study of Air/Space-borne Dual-Wavelength Radar for Estimation of Rain Profiles

In this study, a framework is given by which air/space-borne dual-wavelength radar data can be used to estimate the characteristic parameters of hydrometeors. The focus of the study is on the Global Precipitation Measurement （GPM） precipitation radar, a dual-wavelength radar that will operate in the Ku （13.6 GHz） and Ka （35 GHz） bands. A key aspect of the retrievals is the relationship between the differential frequency ratio （DFR） and the median volume diameter, Do, and its dependence on the phase state of the hydrometeors. It is shown that parametric plots of Do and particle concentration in the plane of the DFR and the radar reflectivity factor in the Ku band can be used to reduce the ambiguities in deriving Do from DFR. A self-consistent iterative algorithm, which does not require the use of an independent pathattenuation constraint, is examined by applying it to the apparent radar reflectivity profiles simulated from a drop size distribution （DSD） model. For light to moderate rain, the self-consistent rain profiling approach converges to the correct solution only if the same shape factor of the Gamma distributions is used both to generate and retrieve the rain profiles. On the other hand, if the shape factors differ, the iteration generally converges but not to the correct solution. To further examine the dual-wavelength techniques, the selfconsistent iterative algorithm, along with forward and backward rain profiling algorithms, are applied to measurements taken from the 2nd generation Precipitation Radar （PR-2） built by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Consistent with the model results, it is found that the estimated rain profiles are sensitive to the shape factor of the size distribution when the iterative, self-consistent approach is used but relatively insensitive to this parameter when the forward- and backward-constrained approaches are used.

HPLC双波长法测定四味穿心莲散中穿心莲内酯和脱水穿心莲内酯的含量

建立HPLC双波长法同时测定四味穿心莲散中穿心莲内酯和脱水穿心莲内酯的含量。采用XBridge C_(18)色谱柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm),以甲醇-水(52∶48)为流动相,流速1.0 mL·min^(-1);柱温25℃;进样量10μL,检测波长分别为225 nm(穿心莲内酯)和254 nm(脱水穿心莲内酯)。穿心莲内酯浓度在12.7375μg·mL^(-1)~509.5μg·mL^(-1)范围内,线性良好(r^(2)=0.9996);脱水穿心莲内酯浓度在3.4μg·mL^(-1)~136μg·mL^(-1)范围内,线性关系良好(r^(2)=0.9997)。穿心莲内酯加样回收率平均为98.8%,RSD为1.0%;脱水穿心莲内酯回收率平均为99.9%,RSD为08%。该方法快捷、灵敏、准确、可靠,可用于四味穿心莲散中穿心莲内酯和脱水穿心莲内酯2个有效成分的同步测定,为四味穿心莲散的质量控制和评价提供科学依据。

Dual-wavelength distributed Bragg reflector semiconductor laser based on a composite resonant cavity

We report a monolithic integrated dual-wavelength laser diode based on a distributed Bragg reflector （DBR） composite resonant cavity. The device consists of three sections, a DBR grating section, a passive phase section, and an active gain section. The gain section facet is cleaved to work as a laser cavity mirror. The other laser mirror is the DBR grating, which also functions as a wavelength filter and can control the number of wavelengths involved in the laser action. The reflection bandwidth of the DBR grating is fabricated to have an appropriate value to make the device work at the dual-wavelength lasing state. We adopt the quantum well intermixing （QWI） technique to provide low-absorption loss grating and passive phase section in the fabrication process. By tuning the injection currents on the DBR and the gain sections, the device can generate 0.596 nm-spaced dual-wavelength lasing at room temperature.

Passively Q-switched dual-wavelength Yb：LSO laser based on tungsten disulphide saturable absorber

We demonstrate a passively Q-switched Yb：LSO laser based on tungsten disulphide （WS2） saturable absorber op- erating at 1034 nm and 1056 nm simultaneously. The saturable absorbers were fabricated by spin coating method. With low speed, the WS2 nanoplatelets embedded in polyvinyl alcohol could be coated on a BK7 glass substrate coated with high-refractive-index thin polymer. The shortest pulse width of 1.6 gs with a repetition rate of 76.9 kHz is obtained. As the pump power increases to 9 W, the maximum output power is measured to be 250 mW, corresponding to a single pulse energy of 3.25 μJ. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time to obtain dual-wavelength Q-switched solid-state laser using few-layer WS2 nanoplatelets.

An all-solid-state high power quasi-continuous-wave tunable dual-wavelength Ti：sapphire laser system using birefringence filter

This paper describes a tunable dual-wavelength Ti：sapphire laser system with quasi-continuous-wave and high-power outputs. In the design of the laser, it adopts a frequency-doubled Nd：YAG laser as the pumping source, and the birefringence filter as the tuning element. Tunable dual-wavelength outputs with one wavelength range from 700 nm to 756.5 nm, another from 830 nm to 900mn have been demonstrated. With a pump power of 23 W at 532 nm, a repetition rate of 7 kHz and a pulse width of 47.6 ns, an output power of 5.1 W at 744.8 nm and 860.9 nm with a pulse width of 13.2 ns and a line width of 3 nm has been obtained, it indicates an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 22.2%.

Dual-wavelength dual-indicator catalytic kinetic spectrophotometry for determination of trace Ru(Ⅲ)

A new dual-wavelength dual-indicator catalytic kinetic spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace Ru(III)was studied.This method was based on Ru(III)-catalyzing oxidation of Arsenazo I and indigo carmine by potassium bromate in sulfuric acid.The absorbances of the catalytic and noncatalytic systems were measured at 510 and610 nm,respectively.Under the optimum conditions,the linear range of determination is 0–0.12 lgáml-1and the detection limit is 1.21 9 10-4lgáml-1.The method was applied for the determination of trace Ru(III)in ore samples with satisfactory results.

HPLC-DAD双波长法同时测定鼠尾草中3个酚酸类成分的含量

建立鼠尾草中咖啡酸、原儿茶酸和迷迭香酸3个酚酸类成分含量测定的方法。采用SHIMADZU VP-ODS色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-0.1%磷酸水(梯度洗脱),检测波长为260 nm和327 nm,柱温为30℃。结果表明咖啡酸、原儿茶酸、迷迭香酸的线性范围分别是0.45~22.53μg/mL(r=0.9999)、0.21~10.34μg/mL(r=0.9999)、0.53~21.19μg/mL(r=0.9999),平均加样回收率分别为98.60%、100.32%、99.28%,RSD分别为1.43%、1.90%、0.91%。本方法简单快速,重复性好,可用于鼠尾草中上述3种酚酸类成分的含量测定。

Study on Monoxide Emission Spectrometry of Rare Earth Elements Ⅰ. Determination of Sm in Rare Earth Concentrate by Dual Wavelength Method

On the basis of investigated enhancement effect of La, Nd, Eu, and Y on Sm determination with monoxide molecular emission spectrometry, La was selected as enhancement agent and chemical interference inhibitor. In the presence of La, dual wavelength mothod was introduced to eliminate the spectral interference on Sm by other elements. A new method was established to determine samarium in high yttrium rare earth samples with satisfactory results.

Correcting Wavefront Distortion of Dual-Wavelength Beams Due to Atmospheric Turbulence with a Correction Coefficient

In order to improve the correction effect of the adaptive optical system in coherent optical communication, we investigate the relative distortion between the wavefronts of different wavelengths of the beams transmitted on the near-ground horizontal atmospheric turbulent links emitted by coherent optical communication system. And the situation is analyzed when the wavelength corresponding to the wavefront detected by the wavefront detector and the wavelength corrected by the deformed mirror are different, the influence of the wavelength factor on the adaptive optical system correction. We use a series of trigonometric functions and the Hankel transformation to derive the corrected residual variance and the Strehl ratio between the wavefront distortions of the wavelengths of the dual-wavelength combined beam in atmospheric turbulence. In relation to the parameters of the turbulent environment, the ensemble average of the wavefront difference corresponding to different wavelengths the derived is proposed as the coefficient to correct the dual-wavelength adaptive optical system. The results show that the statistic of the turbulence internal scale has a major influence on the difference between the wavefronts. By adding the correction coefficient, the signal light’s wavefront of the coherent optical communication system can be corrected more effectively by the dual-wavelength adaptive optical closure.

THE RAPID DETERMINATION FOR BENZO(a)PYRENE WITH SYNCHRONOUS FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY SCANNING IN DEFINED RANGE OF DUAL—WAVELENGTHS

A rapid method of determination of BaP in various environmental samples,using synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy scanning in defined range of dual-wavelengths(SFDW)is described in this paper.

Observation of stable bound soliton with dual-wavelength in a passively mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser

A phase-locked bound state soliton with dual-wavelength is observed experimentally in a passively mode-locked Erdoped fiber（EDF） laser with a fiber loop mirror（FLM）. The pulse duration of the soliton is 15 ps and the peak-to-peak separation is 125 ps. The repetition rate of the pulse sequence is 3.47 MHz. The output power is 11.8 mW at the pump power of 128 mW, corresponding to the pulse energy of 1.52 nJ. The FLM with a polarization controller can produce a comb spectrum, which acts as a filter. By adjusting the polarization controller or varying the pump power, the central wavelength of the comb spectrum can be tuned. When it combines with the reflective spectrum of the fiber Bragg grating, the total spectrum of the cavity can be cleaved into two parts, then the bound state soliton with dual-wavelength at 1549.7 nm and 1550.4 nm is obtained.

Dual-wavelength dissipative soliton operation of an erbium-doped fibre laser using a nonlinear polarization rotation technique

We report on the generation of dual-wavelength dissipative solitons in a passively mode-locked fibre laser with a net normal dispersion using the nonlinear polarization rotation （NPR） technique. Taking the intrinsic advantage of the intracavity birefringence-induced spectral filtering effect in the NPR-based ring laser cavity, the dual-wavelength dissipative solitons are obtained. In addition, the wavelength separation and the lasing location of the dual-wavelength solitons can be flexibly tuned by changing the orientation of the polarization controller.

Output Characteristics of Narrow No-Gain Competition Linewidth Dual-Wavelength Laser at 912 nm and 1064 nm

The output characteristics of a narrow linewidth, no-gain competition, dual-wavelength solid-state laser using an intra-cavity pumped method are reported. This system consists of an intra-cavity pumped Nd:YVO4 laser emitting at 1064 nm, using a 912 nm Nd:GdVO4 laser. A Fabry-Perot etalon is used to compress the linewidth that located at the common cavity of 912 nm and 1064 nm laser. Theoretical analysis and experimental verification were carried out. When the pump power is 32.8 W, the output of 912 nm and 1064 nm theoretical value is 0.036 W and 0.046 W, and the experimental value is 0.017 W and 0.016 W, respectively. The change trend of the theoretical simulated output power value was the same as the actual measured value in the experiment. In addition to this, the experimental measurement shows when the etalon with an angle of 15?, corresponding minimum linewidths were 0.284 nm and 0.627 nm, respectively.

双波长HPLC法同时测定消炎灵胶囊中四种成分的含量

目的:建立双波长HPLC法同时测定消炎灵胶囊中苦玄参苷Ⅰ_(A)、苦玄参苷Ⅰ_(B)、甘草苷、甘草酸含量,对市售消炎灵胶囊中苦玄参和甘草质量进行研究与评价。方法:使用HPLC,选择Waters Xselect C_(18)色谱柱,以乙腈为流动相A,0.1%磷酸溶液为流动相B进行梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min,柱温30℃,检测波长237 nm(甘草苷、甘草酸)、264 nm(苦玄参苷Ⅰ_(A)、苦玄参苷Ⅰ_(B))。结果:65批消炎灵胶囊4种成分线性关系良好(r=0.9998~1.0000),平均加样回收率为97.6%~98.6%(RSD值均小于1%)。部分企业消炎灵胶囊不同批次间4种成分含量存在较大差异,说明各批次间均一性较差。提示各生产企业加强对药材质量控制。结论:该方法简单快捷,可同时测定4个成分含量,并具有良好精密度、重复性和稳定性,为消炎灵胶囊中苦玄参苷Ⅰ_(A)、苦玄参苷Ⅰ_(B)、甘草苷、甘草酸质量评价提供参考。

Mid-IR dual-wavelength difference frequency generation in uniform grating PPLN using index dispersion control

A novel widely tunable dual-wavelength mid-IR difference frequency generation （DFG） scheme with uniform grating periodically poled lithium niobate （PPLN） is presented in this paper. By using the temperature-dependent dispersion property of PPLN, the quasi-phase matching （QPM） peak for the pump may evolve into two separate ones and the wavelength spacing between them increases with the decrease of the crystal temperature. Such two pump QPM peaks may allow simultaneous dual-wavelength mid-IR laser radiations while properly setting the two fundamental pump wavelengths. With this scheme, mid-IR dual-wavelength laser radiations at around 3.228 and 3.548, 3.114 and 3.661, and 3.019 and 3.76 μm, are experimentally achieved for the crystal temperatures of 90, 65, and 30 ℃, respectively, based on the fiber laser fundamental lights.