HPTLC-MS: an advance approach in herbal drugs using fingerprint spectra and mass spectroscopy

High-performance thin-layer chromatography-mass spectrometry(HPTLC-MS)is one of the most modern hyphenated analytical methods available today.HPTLC-MS has recently been used to perform extensive analytical work using advanced features and still more analyses are in progress using these advanced features.Herbal medicines contain a wide range of bioactives that require proper identification for the activity and quality control.Recently,herbal medicine identification and quality control have become increasingly popular using high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry.The aim of this paper is to provide a brief overview of recent method developments in analysis,15 most significant herbal drug applications with their chromatographic conditions,pharmacological actions,and solvents used in the present paper.An extensive literature search was performed incorporating several databases,notably,Web of Knowledge,PubMed and Google Scholar,and other relevant published materials.In previous research,HPTLC and its hyphenation with MS allowed for quantification of analytes in complex matrixes at nanogram and picogram concentrations.Quantifying a wide variety of analytes using these techniques has been extremely accurate,selective,and sensitive.Throughout this review,the HPTLC-MS technique is discussed in relation to the quality control of herbal drugs.Hence,15 herbal drugs were identified based on their RF values and m/z ratio by mass spectrometry by HPTLC-MS for the first time.In this compilation,researchers can gain insights into HPTLC-MS techniques for resolving quality control issues with herbal drugs using their fingerprint spectra.Besides,the application of HPTLC-MS methods could to be sufficiently precise and reproducible for established conditions and after validation may be used for routine quality control of herbal drugs/formulations in herbal industries.

HPTLC-MS as a Neoteric Hyphenated Technique for Separation and Forensic Identification of Drugs

Drugs are traditionally been identified on basis of chromatographic-spectroscopic hyphenated techniques in instrumental analysis. Gas chromatography (GC) and Liquid chromatography (LC) hyphenated with mass spectroscopy (MS) i.e. GC-MS and LC-MS give reliable and confirmatory results in drugs identification. In the present work the novel hyphenated technique High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (HPTLC-MS) has been used. This technique provides efficient, quick and simple method for identification and separation of Narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. The drugs under study are Papaverine, Methadone, Cocaine, Ketamine, Caffeine, Codeine, Diazepam, Thebaine, Heroin, Methamphetamine, Carbamazepine, Morphine, Narcotine and Ephedrine. The present study comprising of sixteen drugs has been carried out on CAMAG HPTLC instrument with automatic sampling. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) plates were developed in various solvent systems, scanned under TLC scanner and the results in terms of Retention Factor (Rf value) and UV spectrum (λmax) are presented in the manuscript. Using hyphenated technique of HPTLC-MS (MS 2020 SHIMADZU) spots of these drugs from TLC plate was lifted with CAMAG TLC-MS interface and confirmed by the mass spectrum of the individual drugs by their m/z values thus delivering fast and accurate confirmatory result on the TLC plate.

用色谱和ESI-MS方法考察四物汤提取部位的化学成分

目的 :为了探讨四物汤补血作用的物质基础 ,制备 3种不同极性的四物汤提取部位 (C1,C2 ,C3) ,对这3种部位的化学成分特点进行考察。方法 :综合运用高效薄层色谱 (HPTLC)、高效液相色谱 (HPLC)、电喷雾离子化质谱 (ESI MS) 3种方法对四物汤的C1,C2 ,C3部位及四味单药相应部位进行分析和比较。结果 :四物汤部位C1中含有种类丰富的成分 ,包括阿魏酸、芍药苷等 ,并且应含有藁本内酯 ,而糖类物质极少 ;C2的成分以芍药苷、单糖、二糖为主 ;C3的成分以单糖和二糖为主。结论 :综合运用色谱和直接输注ESI MS ,可以获得关于方剂提取部位组成的丰富信息。不同方法的结果可以相互比较 ,相互印证 ,使所获得的信息比单一方法更全面更确切。

高效薄层色谱-气相色谱-四级杆质谱法检测母乳中脂肪酸分布

母乳中肪酸组成对婴儿后天健康成长具有重要影响。大量测定和发现国人母乳中脂肪酸组成及分布信息不仅有助于制造更适合婴儿需要的母乳代用品,而且有助于指导通过母体补充的方式促进婴儿摄入具有功能特性的脂肪酸。样品经高效薄层色谱分离,甲酯化后,以SP2560柱(100 m×0.25 mm ID 0.20μm)分离,四级杆质谱定性定量,建立了高效薄层色谱-气相色谱-四级杆质谱(GC-MS)分析母乳中脂肪酸组成及分布的方法。四级杆质量扫描范围为50~500,扫描速率为20 000 amu/s。方法能够获得母乳中甘油三酯、甘油二酯、甘油磷脂中的脂肪酸组成及总脂肪酸分布,检出限符合方法学要求,为大批量调查国人母乳脂溶性成分的研究奠定技术基础。

黄精炮制品多糖多元指纹图谱的建立及化学模式识别

目的构建黄精炮制品多糖的酶水解产物指纹图谱,结合化学计量学方法评价不同蒸晒次数黄精炮制品多糖的差异。方法采用糖苷酶水解,结合高效薄层色谱(high thin-layer chromatography,HPTLC)、亲水作用色谱-高效液相色谱-蒸发光检测器(hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-high performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detector,HILIC-HPLC-ELSD)和超高效液相色谱-四级杆飞行时间串联质谱(ultra high pressure liquid chromatographyquadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry,UHPLC-QTOF/MS)对相应的酶解产物进行高效分离和检测。由此产生的自下而上的指纹图谱反映了黄精炮制品多糖的变化,通过相似度和偏最小二乘-判别分析(partial least squares-discriminant analysis,PLS-DA)对指纹图谱进行综合评价。结果HPTLC分析发现,果糖随着蒸晒次数的增加逐渐降低,结合色谱分析发现,六蒸六晒和十二蒸十二晒为黄精炮制过程中的转折点。同时根据酶水解中寡糖的变化,利用相似度和PLS-DA对不同蒸晒次数的黄精炮制品进行了清晰的聚类。结合UHPLC-QTOF/MS分析表明,不同蒸晒次数黄精炮制品中含有蔗糖、蔗果三糖、蔗果四糖、蔗果五糖、蔗果六糖、蔗果七糖及蔗果八糖。结论基于酶解法分析不同蒸晒次数样品的质量动态变化,结合所建立的多元指纹图谱,进一步阐释了不同蒸晒次数黄精炮制品的科学内涵。

基于高效薄层色谱-电喷雾质谱联用技术建立苦参和山豆根专属性特征图谱

苦参为苦参Sophora flavescens Ait.的干燥根,山豆根为越南槐Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep.的干燥根和根茎,两者均来自豆科槐属,成分和功效相似而有差异,现有标准仅显示其生物碱类成分差异性难以体现,不利于两味药材的质量控制。本研究利用高效薄层色谱技术多维度多层次分析优势,对供试品制备方法和色谱参数进行优化,整体展现苦参和山豆根共有和差异性特征成分。利用薄层色谱-电喷雾质谱(HPTLC-ESI-MS)在线鉴定技术对特征条带中化学成分进行快速鉴定,并导向分离获得部分单体成分。结果从苦参与山豆根中共发现17个主要特征条带,除了3个已知成分,采用HPTLC-ESI-MS鉴定出另12个未知成分,包括1种生物碱和11种黄酮成分,后采用对照品对照或分离后经核磁共振波谱解析对鉴定结果进行了验证。最后采用优化后的色谱方法,为苦参和山豆根建立了同一的薄层色谱专属性鉴别方法。HPTLC-ESI-MS联用技术兼具薄层色谱简便、直观和整体性,能快速鉴定目标成分结构。建立的特征图谱直观反映药材整体特征和特异性,为其他同属、易混药材的分析鉴别提供了参考。

4种市售发酵虫草菌粉胶囊寡糖成分分析

目的:研究4种市售发酵虫草菌粉胶囊中的寡糖成分。方法:首先应用高效薄层色谱(HPTLC)对4种市售发酵虫草菌粉胶囊(百令胶囊、金水宝胶囊、宁心宝胶囊和心肝宝胶囊)寡糖成分进行初步分析,展开剂为正丁醇-异丙醇-乙酸-水(6∶11∶3∶4),显色剂为苯胺-二苯胺-磷酸;再采用HPTLC-MS确定寡糖聚合度,质谱选用正离子模式,质量范围m/z 100~1 500;最后结合淀粉酶酶解-HPTLC分析确定主要糖苷键类型。结果:4种市售发酵虫草菌粉胶囊中,除宁心宝胶囊外,其他3种发酵虫草菌粉胶囊均基本不含寡糖类成分;HPTLC-MS结果显示,宁心宝胶囊样品HPTLC中Rf=0.53、0.48、0.40、0.32、0.27、0.22和0.18处的条带相对分子质量分别约为342、342、504、666、828、991、1 153,分别对应二糖及二糖至七糖;淀粉酶酶解结果提示:宁心宝胶囊中寡糖主要是α-1,4-葡聚寡糖。结论:4种市售发酵虫草菌粉胶囊中,仅宁心宝胶囊含相对多的寡糖类成分,且主要为α-1,4-葡聚寡糖,其产生可能与菌种和/或生产工艺有关。

高效薄层色谱、薄层质谱和HPLC指纹图谱联用技术鉴定杜仲不同部位的化学成分差异

目的建立杜仲Eucommia ulmoides不同部位的高效薄层色谱(high performance thin layer chromatography,HPTLC)、高效薄层质谱鉴别方法(TLC/MS)和高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱,比较杜仲皮、叶、雄花、种子的差异,寻找差异性成分,并互相验证,用于杜仲的质量控制。方法通过优化供试品制备、展开剂和显色剂等条件,建立杜仲皮的HPTLC,并将该方法应用于杜仲皮、叶、雄花、种子的区分,寻找差异性斑点;利用QTOF/MS对4个部位的HPTLC斑点进行鉴定,明确差异性成分;采用HPLC建立杜仲皮、叶、雄花、种子的指纹图谱,采集多批次数据,利用偏最小二乘判别分析(partial least squares discriminant analysis,PLS-DA)筛选对4个部位区分贡献较大的差异性成分,与薄层色谱和薄层质谱鉴定结果互相验证。结果自建HPTLC鉴别方法优于各国药典,可清晰地实现4个部位的区分;利用QTOF/MS对主要斑点进行分析,共鉴定27个成分,其中10个成分通过对照品确认;基于HPLC的PLS-DA多元统计分析筛选出14个差异性成分(VIP>1)。松脂醇二葡萄糖苷在HPTLC、TLC/MS和HPLC检测技术下均鉴定为杜仲皮的特异性成分;ulmoidoside A、ulmoidoside B、ulmoidoside C、ulmoidoside D是种子中稳定的差异性标志物;对于叶和花的鉴别,3种鉴别方式所得到的差异性标志物差别较大,叶中共找到7个标志物,花中共找到9个标志物。结论建立的高效薄层色谱、薄层质谱和HPLC指纹图谱方法均可实现杜仲皮、叶、雄花、种子的区分,联用技术寻找到的差异性成分为杜仲及其中成药质量控制指标的选择奠定基础。

Bioactivity and constituents of several common seaweeds

Bioactivity and constituents of 8 common seaweeds from Dalian intertidal zone of northern Yellow Sea were investigated. In the anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) test, Symphyocladia latiuscula and Enteromorpha intestinalis showed obvious activities with MICs much lower than 1.0 mg·mL-1 . In the DNA damage repair test (DDRT), Chondrus ocellatu showed selective inhibitory activity against the DNA repair-defective E. coli strain vs. the wild-type E. coli strain; while Sym. latiuscula, Enteromorpha intestinalis and Sar. kjellmanianum showed significant anti-E. coli activity with MICs of 64-128 g·mL-1 . In the anti-Pyricularia oryzae test, Sym. latiuscula and Rh. confervoides strongly inhibited the germination of the spores of P. oryzae on agar plate. In the brine shrimp larvicidal test, Sym. latiuscula, Rh. confervoides and Sar. kjellmanianum exhibited potent toxicity against brine shrimp larvae, with LC50 much lower than 1 mg·mL-1 . The HPTLC analysis revealed their diversified secondary metabolites. The HPLC-DAD-MS analysis of the strongest species Sym. latiuscula and database searching showed that it can produce quite diversified metabolites, including halogenated ones, some of which may be new natural products. The results demonstrated the potentials of these seaweeds in the development of new antibiotics, antitumor drugs, agricultural fungicides and pesticides.