Design Concept and Innovation of Jakarta-Bandung HSR

This paper analyzes the geographical,climatic,cultural and religious factors that influence station building design,and discusses the characteristics and design concepts of traditional Indonesian building.Additionally,the following innovative concepts are proposed for station building design:innovation in the building form that organically integrates high speed railway characteristics with regional features;innovation in spatial layout that adapts to the local climate and culture;innovation in flexible flow lines and diverse commercial spaces;innovation in interior design that fully incorporates the local culture.The station buildings of Jakarta-Bandung HSR not only fulfill the function of passenger riding but also serve as prominent landmark structures that spread regional culture and represent the city's image so as to offer valuable insights for the design of high speed railway station buildings in future overseas projects.

Localized Application of Chinese Standards in Jakarta-Bandung HSR Project

Jakarta-Bandung HSR in Indonesia is the first“go global”project of China's high speed railway with a whole system,all elements and a whole industry chain,as well as the first overseas project adopting a complete set of Chinese standards.This paper sorts out the differences between relevant standards in China and Indonesia,including those in concrete raw materials,rebar standards and other main material standards,and those in external interface standards,train operation direction requirements,project approval requirements,special acceptance requirements,etc.,and summarizes the realization methods and specific achievements of localized application of Chinese standards during the implementation of Jakarta-Bandung HSR Project,to provide reference for localized application of Chinese standards in overseas projects in the future.

Customized High-speed EMU Design Practice for Jakarta-Bandung HSR

The high-speed EMUs for Jakarta-Bandung high-speed railway(HSR)represent an important image and symbol of the Jakarta-Bandung HSR Project.By relying on the technical platform of the model CR400 EMU,the EMU is upgraded for the customized design in terms of adaptability to geographical environment and track conditions,integration of Indonesian cultural characteristics,etc.In the course of development,in order to accurately grasp the boundary conditions and solve matching adaptation problems,studies are conducted on the exploration of design boundary and the related special technology.With the systematic analysis and design experience summary of the high-speed EMUs for Jakarta-Bandung HSR,the paper aims to provide reference for the O&M of high-speed EMUs for Jakarta-Bandung HSR and the other similar overseas HSR projects.

Deformation Mechanism and Design Countermeasures of Tunnel Portal in Volcanic Deposit Clay Stratum

Shortly after tunneling,problems such as primary-support through cracks and clearance infringement are found in the shallow-buried section of tunnel No.4 of the Jakarta-Bandung High Speed Railway(Jakarta-Bandung HSR),and orthogonal cracks can be found on the earth surface in front of the working face,which brings great challenges to the tunnel construction.In view of the above engineering problems,the sliding surface is speculated according to the geological and field conditions,and the impact of landslides is applied in the model in the form of external load.The paper uses the numerical simulation method to analyze and compare the impact of landslides on the tunnel structure and deformation,and puts forward the reinforcement measures.The conclusions of the studies are:(1)under the influence of heavy rainfall,the strength index of volcanic deposit clay stratum drops sharply,and meanwhile the multiple factors including tunnel excavation are liable to cause sliding of the front slope;(2)parallel landslide in front of the tunnel has a great impact on the tunnel,so setting-up of pre-reinforcement measures to control landslide shall be the focus of similar projects during design;(3)the deformation and stress of the tunnel structure can be significantly controlled for safe construction by strengthening the shallow-buried tunnel with pile foundation and longitudinal and transverse beam frames during landslide.

The GSM-R Implementation Plan of Jakarta-Bandung High-speed Railway

GSM-R system mainly provides dispatching communication servicessuch as train operation dispatching, realizes wired and wireless dispatchingcommunication, and provides safe and reliable train-ground informationtransmission services for high-speed train operation control system. Jakarta-Bandung HSR is the first “going global” HSR with whole industry chain built by China. It isconstructed based on CTCS-3 train control system standard. In order to ensure the safetransmission of train control system information under high-speed operation environment, aset of GSM-R system implementation scheme suitable for Jakarta-Bandung HSR is establishedin combination with the actual situation of Jakarta-Bandung HSR, referring to China's GSMRsystem technical standards and according to its actual business requirements. It includesGSM-R core network, wireless subsystem and data number, which can provide reference forthe construction of wireless communication system for China's HSR “going global”.

The Application of China's High Speed Railway Earthquake Early Warning System in Jakarta-Bandung HSR

Earthquake has a significant impact on operation safety of the high speed railway,and for Jakarta-Bandung High Speed Railway(HSR)in Indonesia where it is earthquake-prone,it is necessary to establish an earthquake early warning system to strengthen its earthquake resistance.Based on the principle and technical characteristics of China's high speed railway earthquake early warning system and combining the actual situations of Jakarta-Bandung HSR in Indonesia,this paper describes how to implement China's high speed railway earthquake early warning system in Jakarta-Bandung HSR.It focuses on optimizations in environmental adaptation design and seismic network interface design,earthquake attenuation model parameter adjustment and terminal software interface adjustment,so as to make the system better suit the local situations,and meet operation requirements and guarantee safe operation of Jakarta-Bandung HSR.

Features of Tropical Volcanic Rock and Soil of Jakarta-Bandung HSR and Engineering Countermeasures

The geological features of three types of tropical volcanic rock and soil distributed along Jakarta-Bandung high-speed railway(HSR),including pozzolanic clayey soil,mud shale and deep soft soil,are studied through field and laboratory tests.The paper analyzes the mechanism and causes of engineering geological problems caused by tropical volcanic rock and soil and puts forward measures to control subgrade slope instability by rationally determining project type,making side slope stability control and strengthening waterproofing and drainage.The“zero front slope”tunneling technology at the portal,the simplified excavation method of double-side wall heading and the cross brace construction method of arch protection within the semi-open cut row pile frame in the“mountainside”eccentrically loaded soft soil stratum are adopted to control the instability of tunnel side and front slopes,foundation pits and working faces;CFG or pipe piles shall be used to reinforce soft and expansive foundation or replacement measures shall be taken,and the scheme of blind ditch+double-layer water sealing in ballastless track section shall be put forward to prevent arching deformation of foundation;the treatment measures of CFG pile,pipe pile and vacuum combined piled preloading are adopted to improve the bearing capacity of foundation in deep soft soil section and solve the problems of settlement control and uneven settlement.These engineering countermeasures have been applied during the construction of Jakarta-Bandung HSR and achieved good results.

The Innovation and Practice in Jakarta-Bandung High Speed Railway Construction

As a flagship project of Sino-Indonesia cooperation within the framework of“the Belt and Road”Initiative(BRI),Jakarta-Bandung High Speed Railway(Jakarta-Bandung HSR)is the first overseas high speed railway entirely implementing China's high speed railway technology with all systems,elements and industrial chain.It marks the success of extensive consultation,joint contribution and shared benefits between China and region states to achieve modernization.By studying the Jakarta-Bandung HSR project,this paper concludes the innovations and successful practices in“going global”of China's railway industry in terms of project organization,engineering construction,railway equipment,operation management,risk prevention and control,etc.Meanwhile,focusing on one of the eight major steps to support high-quality Belt and Road cooperation proposed by President Xi Jinping—building a multidimensional“the Belt and Road”connectivity network,this paper puts forward the specific outlook for China's high speed railway to“go global”and jointly build“the Belt and Road”Initiative from two perspectives of international railway engineering and international scientific and technological cooperation.

The Mechanism Behind Urban Population Growth and Shrinkage from the Perspective of Urban Network Externalities

Urban shrinkage is a global phenomenon,and it will coexist with urban growth for many years.At the same time,the network connection between cities continuously improved due to the construction of the transportation and information networks.However,the relationship between urban network externalities and urban population growth/shrinkage remains unclear.Therefore,based on high-speed railway(HSR)flow data,a spatial econometric model is used to explore the mechanism behind urban population growth and shrinkage from the perspective of network externalities in China.The results indicate that:1)the urban network experiences a certain clubbing effect.Growing cities that are strongly connected are concentrated along China’s main railway lines and the southeastern coastal areas,while shrinking cities that are weakly connected are distributed at the periphery of the network.2)Moreover,the network externality disregards spatial distance and together with the agglomeration externality influences the growth and shrinking of cities.3)Urban economic development still promotes the development of Chinese cities.However,the improvement of the urban economy has a negative cross-regional spillover effect on neighboring cities due to urban competition.4)Lastly,Local spillovers of urban network externalities are positive,while cross-regional ones are negative.Consequently,the government needs to promote the construction of multi-dimensional network connections between cities to promote cities’sustainable development.This study reveals the relationship between urban network externalities and urban development,enriches the theories of network externalities and urban growth/shrinkage,and provides a reference for regional coordinated development.

Earthquake Emergency Response System of High-speed Railway by Least Square Method

This paper studies the Least Square Method to define high-speed railway(HSR) earthquake risk and solve the problem of its emergency response mechanism. Based on the construction of a monitoring system for HSR earthquake emergency response, the technical operational procedures for HSR seismic emergency response are proposed. The quantity, scale, and location of HSR earthquake emergency response mechanism are defined, and the corresponding emergency response system is built. In particular, the earthquake emergency response system can conduct real-time continuous dynamic monitoring of seismic activity along the railway. When earthquake occurs, the intensity of the ground motion is detected by the system. When the earthquake monitoring value reaches the earthquake alarm threshold, it will send an alarm signal to the dispatch center, and the emergency power supply will be forced to cut off. The earthquake emergency response system will continue to monitor the follow-up ground motion acceleration. The system provides the operation scheduling center with a basis for train operation control to resume operation after stopping. The monitoring result of the system reduces the disaster, and the secondary disaster is caused by the earthquake. This paper improves the HSR response mechanism in detecting earthquake disasters. The result improves the ability of HSR to deal with earthquake disasters, and reduces casualties and economic and property loss caused by earthquake disasters.

A Closer Look at China-Indonesia Cooperation on Jakarta-Bandung HSR

On September 7,the Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway(Jakarta-Bandung HSR),jointly built by China and Indonesia,opened,cutting the travel time between the two Indonesian cities from 3.5 hours to 40 minutes.Commercial operation will start at the beginning of October.

Characterization,identification and life prediction of acoustic emission signals of tensile damage for HSR gearbox housing material

Purpose-This study aims to ensure the operation safety of high speed trains,it is necessary to carry out nondestructive monitoring of the tensile damage of the gearbox housing material in rail time,yet the traditional tests of mechanical property can hardly meet this requirement.Design/methodology/approach-In this study the acoustic emission(AE)technology is applied in the tensile tests of the gearbox housing material of an high-speed rail(HSR)train,during which the acoustic signatures are acquired for parameter analysis.Afterward,the support vector machine(SVM)classifier is introduced to identify and classify the characteristic parameters extracted,on which basis the SVM is improved and the weighted support vector machine(WSVM)method is applied to effectively reduce the misidentification of the SVM classifier.Through the study of the law of relations between the characteristic values and the tensile life,a degradation model of the gearbox housing material amid tensile is built.Findings-The results show that the growth rate of the logarithmic hit count of AE signals and that of logarithmic amplitude can well characterize the stage of the material tensile process,and the WSVM method can improve the classification accuracy of the imbalanced data to above 94%.The degradation model built can identify the damage occurred to the HSR gearbox housing material amid the tensile process and predict the service life remains.Originality/value-The results of this study provide new concepts for the life prediction of tensile samples,and more further tests should be conducted to verify the conclusion of this research.

Comparison and Selection of Arch-Rib Construction Schemes for Continuous Beam arch Composite Bridge of High Speed Railway

The paper summarizes the four different construction schemes based on engineering cases for the arch rib construction of continuous beam-arch composite bridges for high-speed railways.These methods include in-situ assembly,segmental lifting,incremental launching and longitudinal moving,and vertical rotation.The temporary structural designs,process methods,and technological equipment for each construction scheme are described in detail.The advantages and disadvantages of each scheme and its application scope under various conditions are analyzed,and opinions and suggestions for guiding the application of each scheme are proposed.The comparison and selection analyses show that the four arch rib construction schemes have certain applicability under different conditions such as bridge site status,bridge span,and construction environment.With the continuous increase of bridge span and progress of construction technological equipment,the arch rib construction technology is developing towards the overall erection direction.This leads to more obvious technical advantages of the segmental lifting method,incremental launching and longitudinal moving method,and vertical rotation method.Therefore,it is necessary to select the best construction scheme according to the construction status and technical conditions during application.

Fundamental Ideas and Basic Concepts of HSR Route Selection in Complicated Urban Areas

Up till now,no systematic studies on railway route selection in urban areas,HSR route selection in particular,have been taken in China.Based on the Shenzhen Railway Terminal Project and the Shenzhen-Shanwei Railway Project,research on HSR route selection in complicated urban areas has been conducted.An optimal route selection plan is determined after studying the local geological and environmental conditions and the complexity of tunnel construction.The research concludes that there are four major concerns in HSR route selection:the match between the new route and the urban planning,the potential economic return for the massive investment,the likely impacts of land expropriation on social stability,and the best synthesis of multiple controlling factors to meet the HSR standard.Moreover,six principles should be followed in railway route selection in complicated urban areas:the new route should be in alignment with the railway deployment;the route should align with the existing passage as much as possible;extensive analysis and in-depth demonstrations should be done to find the most appropriate combination of open and hidden excavation in tunnel construction;geological conditions and tunnel construction complexities are among the priorities;environmental sensitive sites and environmental vibration noise should be avoided as much as possible;special attention should be paid to the relocation of the power supply,television and communication facilities and the rearrangement of tubes and wires.

Key Technologies for Design of Changqing Yellow River Super-long Bridge of Zhengzhou Ji'nan HSR

Changqing Yellow River Super-long Bridge of Zhengzhou-Ji'nan HSR is a partial cable-stayed bridge with concrete main girder and a unit length of 1,080 m.Studies are carried out on the key technologies of bridge design,and the main conclusions are as follows:The whole unit adopts the supporting system of tower pier consolidation and tower-beam separation,and each pier is provided with seismic mitigation and isolation bearing;shaped-steel reinforced concrete bridge tower is adopted to bring into full play the tensile performance of steel and the compressive performance of concrete,and avoid the construction challenges of setting up multi-layer and multi-stirrup reinforcement while improving the bearing capacity of section;a new type of double-side and bi-directional anti-skid anchorage device is adopted for the cable saddle of wire divider pipe in order to withstand the unbalanced cable force,and verify the reliability of the anti-skid anchorage device by solid model test;and large-segment cantilever pouring design is adopted for the main girder with a maximum segment length of 8 m to effectively shorten the construction period of the bridge.

智能变电站过程层冗余组网模式及网络延时累加技术研究

当前智能变电站过程层采用双网架构,IED设备的处理器同时处理双网数据,存在处理器负荷高的问题。SV采用光纤直连传输方式、存在布线复杂、IED设备光口多、成本高、装置发热量大、信息共享困难及链路无法监视等各种问题。同时GOOSE采用网络传输方式,过程层网络与光纤直连方式并存,结构不清晰问题。针对高可靠性无缝冗余协议(High Reliablity Seamless Redundant Protocol,HSR)和并行冗余协议(Parallel Redundant Protocol,PRP)的智能变电站过程层组网进行了研究,并基于该组网基础上进行了HSR和PRP的延时累加技术研究及测试。该研究为将来在国内智能变电站进行推广应用此技术提供了坚实的理论分析和测试结果参考数据。

就地化分布式变压器保护方案研究

提出了一种适合就地化变压器保护的有主分布式环形网络及其同步方案,按断路器配置保护子机,变压器本体子机兼作保护主机,直接采用常规采样、常规跳闸模式,对外连接全部采用预制的航空插头。主变本体子机利用IEEE 1588网络对时协议实现各侧子机模拟量的同步采集,各侧子机采样数据发送到主变本体子机,由主变本体子机完成全部保护及MMS通信等功能。保护动作后,主变本体子机发出GOOSE跳闸命令,各侧子机收到GOOSE命令后跳开本侧开关。此方案可以使110 k V及以上电压等级变电站所有保护装置满足就地化安装的要求,取消保护小室,减少新建变电站占地面积。

变电站二次设备就地化系统网络架构探讨

针对变电站二次设备就地化背景下设备配置与通信网络面临的问题与挑战,首先提出了变电站二次保护控制设备就地化配置原则,并给出了单间隔保护、跨间隔保护、测控装置、公用采集控制终端等全站二次就地化设备配置方案。在此基础上,提出了基于并行冗余协议(PRP)的制造报文规范(MMS)/采样值(SV)/通用面向对象变电站事件(GOOSE)三网合一网络架构和不依赖交换机的全高可靠无缝冗余(HSR)环网两种变电站通信网络方案,并对其网络性能指标进行了量化评估和比对。

面向智能变电站三网合一网络的PRP/HSR实现方案

分析了智能变电站站控层制造报文规范(MMS)网络、过程层面向通用对象的变电站事件(GOOSE)网络、过程层采样值(SV)网络三网合一的网络应用现状,针对目前三网合一网络应用中存在的通信实时性和可靠性的问题,提出了一种基于IEC62439-3并行冗余协议/高可用性无缝环网冗余(PRP/HSR)的智能变电站三网合一网络实现方案,总结了关键设备的研制要点。试验与测试结果验证了所提方案的可靠性。最后对基于HSR双向环网模式下实现分布式母差保护进行了应用设计与分析探讨。

IEC62439 PRP冗余丢弃算法设计

智能变电站GOOSE、SV、MMS三网合一信息充分共享,双星型网架可靠性较高,相应电力装置需支持高效、健壮冗余丢弃算法。针对PRP推荐双窗口丢弃算法较复杂、乱序报文效率较低、时序考量不严谨、无设备重启等异常处理,总结了丢弃算法基本要求,分析了时序可靠丢弃、安全接收原则,提出基于节点对节点链路序列号状态HASH算法和固定单滑动窗口相结合的方法。详细分析起止点在与不在滑动窗口、接收序列号在窗口前中后情形,并给出算法伪码供借鉴使用。健壮性指出超过一定时限,序列号相同,报文内容未必相同;在同一个时限内,FCS(帧校验序列)完全一样,报文内容未必相同。本方法能快速准确判断丢弃接收重复报文,为智能变电站电力装置支持PRP/HSR奠定坚实算法基础。