基于叠前全方位角道集方位振幅梯度各向异性变化的HTI裂缝介质油气检测方法与技术

高角度裂缝介质的反射振幅梯度是随方位变化的,常规AVO分析只能适应层状各向同性介质地下地层含油气性检测,很难适应HTI裂缝各向异性介质地层的油气检测.为此,本文提出了基于叠前全方位角道集方位振幅梯度各向异性变化的HTI裂缝介质油气检测方法,推导出以方位角为变量的方位振幅梯度变化函数,并以之为参变量进一步推导出以入射角为变量的,随方位变化而变化的双向振幅响应强度变化函数,同时推导出方位油气指示因子.通过变量拆分法先固定方位方向,通过该方位角道集振幅随入射角的变化求解该方位振幅梯度,继而求出该方位的油气指示因子;依次类推,可求出其余方位的油气指示因子.如此可求出所有方位的油气指示因子,进而可分析含油气指示敏感性随方位的变化,优选油气指示最敏感的方位作为最终的油气预测结果即可.实际工区应用结果表明,本方法预测结果可靠精度高,可为油气勘探开发提供有效的技术支持.

Numerical modeling of PP- and PS-wave azimuthal anisotropy in HTI media

This study focuses on the factors that may affect the feasibility of performing elliptical anisotropy analysis on azimuthal PP and PS-wave data in HTI media, with the aim of using the modeling results as guidance in real seismic data application. Our results reveal that there is an offset limitation for both PP- and PS-waves in elliptical anisotropy fitting, and that PS-waves show a wider applicable offset range and larger observable azimuthal anisotropy than PP-waves. The major axis of the elliptical fit to the amplitudes of the R-component is perpendicular to the fracture strike, which is opposite to that in PP-wave analysis. The azimuthal interval travel time of PS-waves shows a nearly elliptical distribution and the major axis of the fit ellipse is perpendicular to the fracture strike, which is same as that in PP-wave analysis. For data within the applicable offset range, the anisotropic magnitude obtained from amplitude and travel time attributes of PP- and PS-waves exhibits a dependence on fracture density, and the major to minor axis ratio of the fit ellipse may be used to infer the relative distribution of fracture densities.

地震属性分析技术在裂缝预测中的新进展

裂缝性储层在全球有广泛的分布,地下裂缝识别和预测对于油气勘探具有很重要的实践价值和理论价值。大量分布于油气储层中的地壳岩石,当受到构造变形作用或者物理成岩作用的时候,逐步形成了不连续面,这就是裂缝,而在裂缝性储集层中更常见。由于实际的裂缝储层中上层介质的存在,裂缝多为高角度或近似垂直,即研究的裂缝地层多为HTI(Horizontal Transverse Isotropy)介质。以常规地面地震反射纵波法为基础的地震属性分析技术、地震反演方法、AVO技术等,是储层地震预测技术中最为常用的三大类技术。