Damping controller design based on FO-PID-EMA in VSC HVDC system to improve stability of hybrid power system

Wind energy sources have different structures and functions from conventional power plants in the power system.These resources can affect the exchange of active and reactive power of the network.Therefore,power system stability will be affected by the performance of wind power plants,especially in the event of a fault.In this paper,the improvement of the dynamic stability in power system equipped by wind farm is examined through the supplementary controller design in the high voltage direct current(HVDC)based on voltage source converter(VSC)transmission system.In this regard,impacts of the VSC HVDC system and wind farm on the improvement of system stability are considered.Also,an algorithm based on controllability(observability)concept is proposed to select most appropriate and effective coupling between inputs-outputs(IO)signals of system in different work conditions.The selected coupling is used to apply damping controller signal.Finally,a fractional order PID controller(FO-PID)based on exchange market algorithm(EMA)is designed as damping controller.The analysis of the results shows that the wind farm does not directly contribute to the improvement of the dynamic stability of power system.However,it can increase the controllability of the oscillatory mode and improve the performance of the supplementary controller.

高压直流换流站中滤波电容器的振动与可听噪声(英文)

The filter capacitor stack is one of the main acoustic noise sources in high-voltage DC(HVDC) converter stations.As HVDC systems are built more and more recently,it is significant to research the audible noise of filter capacitors.In this paper,the current situation of research on vibration and audible noise of filter capacitors in HVDC converter stations,which is departed into three parts—generation mechanism,prediction methods,and reduction measures,is presented and the research achievements are discussed.Scholars have built the model that the alternating electric force caused by the voltage conduces to the vibration,which propagates to the enclosure and radiates audible noise.As a result,the parts contributing most to the generation of audible noise are the top and the bottom of capacitors. In the noise level prediction respect,several methods have been prospected including impact hammer,sweep frequency, impact current,monopole and Kirchhoff formula method,which are suitable for single capacitors or capacitors stacks individually.However,the sweep frequency method is restricted by experiment condition,and the impact current method needs further research and verified.On the other hand,CIGRE WG14.26 provides three sound reduction measures,but all of them are not so practicable,while MPP absorber and compressible space absorber prospected by Dr.Wu Peng are proved to be effective.The sound barriers are also considered by scholars,and the acoustic directivity performance of capacitors is also researched.Besides,the developing direction of each research field is prospected in corresponding part.

State of the Art and Future Trends of Unconventional PD-Measurement at Power Transformers

This paper discusses the current state of the art of diagnostics at power transformers. A special focus is set on the UHF-PD-measurement （ultra-high-frequency partial discharge measurement） because at power transformers, this diagnostic method has become more important in recent years. The current state, basics and principles of operations, proceedings as well as advantages of PD-measurement methods are covered. Furthermore problems and proposed solutions are discussed. Bushings and tap changers are not discussed in detail. In many cases, one single diagnostic method does not have the ability to sufficiently evaluate a power transformer. Therefore, a variety of diagnostic methods came up over times, which are commonly used by now. To expand the evaluation opportunities of power transformers, science strives to develop new diagnostic methods as well as to improve the existing ones. Furthermore, environmentally friendly and hardly inflammable ester liquids are examined for the use at power transformers and PD-measurement at HVDC （high voltage direct current） converter transformers as well. Potential diagnostic options and respectively current developments and findings in the field of oil-paper-insulation systems are outlined conclusively.

高压直流换流站穿墙套管的局部放电在线测量(英文)

An online partial discharge(PD) measurement performed on a high voltage direct current(HVDC) wall bushing successfully identified the presence of internal discharges.The wall bushing is a sulfur hexafluoride gas-insulated bushing,rated for 500 kV dc and terminated on a thyristor-controlled HVDC converter bridge.The measurement of PD within the HVDC station environment is particularly challenging due to the high levels of electromagnetic noise caused by thyristor switching events and external air-corona from the neighboring high-voltage equipment.An additional challenge is the""mixed"voltage stress on the bushing insulation,which has both ac and dc high-voltage components.There are also fast transients during the firing of thyristors in the HVDC conversion process that cause added stress to the insulation.As a result,the analysis and interpretation of PD data for HVDC equipment is more complex;PD pulses may occur in response to the ac,dc,or switching transient voltage stresses.In this paper,an online PD measurement strategy for noise filtering and isolation of PD sources within the bushing are discussed.The PD measurement data is plotted on a phase-resolved diagram where the line supply power cord voltage was used as a reference. The phase-resolved diagram appears to suggest that the fast transients,caused during switching,trigger some PD events.Measurements were also performed with the aid of a modern PD measurement instrument having noise separation capabilities.The findings from the online PD measurements are verified with physical evidence,found after the bushing was removed from service,suggested internal PD had occurred inside the bushing.

HVDC Multi-infeed Analysis of the Brazilian Transmission System and Possible Mitigation Methods

The Brazilian transmission system is facing challenging problems with the distance between its generation areas and consumer centers that will be partly solved by the use of HVDC point-to-point systems.In the near future,the southeast subsystem will have a large amount of power injected through HVDC Systems in multiple points with relatively close electrical proximity.Therefore,the effects of a multi-infeed system are expected to influence the performance and operation of the network.Extensive studies and simulations will play an important role in determining the extension of the interactions among HVDC converters and determine if such interactions cause multiple commutation failures,thus disturbing the dynamic stability of the system.The use of CCC(Capacitor Commutated Converter)HVDC systems will also be assessed and is expected to diminish the need for a strong AC network(high short circuit level)and,therefore,mitigate multi-infeed interactions.The southeast subsystem of the Brazilian Power System currently has four LCC inverters,two of them belong to the Madeira power plant and the other two are from the Itaipu power plant.By the year 2024,four other HVDC systems will be arriving in the same region.This paper discusses the HVDC multi-infeed phenomena regarding the relevance of using synchronous machine models to represent important power plants and the application of mitigation methods regarding the 2020 network model,where six HVDC links will be present.

Oscillation analysis of a DFIG-based wind farm interfaced with LCC-HVDC

With the increasing capacity of wind farm, HVDC technology has become a promising transmission scheme for long distance transportation of large-scale wind power. However oscillation caused by this system will have a great influence on the security and stability of power system operation. In this paper, the oscillation of a doubly-fed induction generator(DFIG)-based wind farm interfaced with line commutated converter(LCC) based HVDC is discussed. Low-frequency oscillation and subsynchronous oscillation(SSO) are studied since these two oscillations are the particularly concerned oscillations in the stability study of power system in recent years. The model of a DFIG-based wind farm interconnected with LCC-HVDC is developed. The impact of drive train model's structure and parameters on the oscillation characteristics is analyzed. Eigenvalue and participation factor analysis are used to identify the three main modes, which include controller mode, electromechanical mode, and shaft mode. The effects of DFIG controller's parameters, wind speed and operating conditions of HVDC on those modes are studied. Electromagnetic transient simulations are performed to verify the results of the eigenvalue analysis.

R&D and application of voltage sourced converter based high voltage direct current engineering technology in China

As a new generation of direct current(DC)transmission technology,voltage sourced converter(VSC)based high voltage direct current(HVDC)has been widely developed and applied all over the world.China has also carried out a deep technical research and engineering application in this area,and at present,it has been stepped into a fast growing period.This paper gives a general review over China’s VSC based HVDC in terms of engineering technology,application and future development.It comprehensively analyzes the technical difficulties and future development orientation on the aspects of the main configurations of VSC based HVDC system,topological structures of converters,control and protection technologies,flexible DC cables,converter valve tests,etc.It introduces the applicable fields and current status of China’s VSC based HVDC projects,and analyzes the application trends of VSC based HVDC projects both in China and all over the world according to the development characteristics and demands of future power grids.