The diode rectifier unit(DRU)-based high-voltage DC(DRU-HVDC) system is a promising solution for offshore wind energy transmission thanks to its compact design, high efficiency, and strong reliability. Herein we inves...The diode rectifier unit(DRU)-based high-voltage DC(DRU-HVDC) system is a promising solution for offshore wind energy transmission thanks to its compact design, high efficiency, and strong reliability. Herein we investigate the feasibility of the DRU-HVDC system considering onshore and offshore AC grid faults, DC cable faults, and internal DRU faults. To ensure safe operation during the faults, the wind turbine(WT) converters are designed to operate in either current-limiting or voltage-limiting mode to limit potential excessive overcurrent or overvoltage. Strategies for providing fault currents using WT converters during offshore AC faults to enable offshore overcurrent and differential fault protection are investigated. The DRU-HVDC system is robust against various faults, and it can automatically restore power transmission after fault isolation. Simulation results confirm the system performance under various fault conditions.展开更多
The modern travelling wave based fault location principles for transmission lines are analyzed.In order to apply the travelling wave principles to HVDC transmission lines,the special technical problems are studied.Bas...The modern travelling wave based fault location principles for transmission lines are analyzed.In order to apply the travelling wave principles to HVDC transmission lines,the special technical problems are studied.Based on this,a fault locating system for HVDC transmission lines is developed.The system can support modern double ended and single ended travelling wave princi- ples simultaneously,and it is composed of three different parts:travelling wave data acquisition and processing system,communication network and PC based master station.In the system,the fault generated transients are induced from the ground leads of the over-voltage suppression capacitors of an HVDC line through specially developed travelling wave couplers.The system was applied to 500 kV Gezhouba-Nanqiao(Shanghai)HVDC transmission line in China.Some field operation experiences are summarized,showing that the system has very high reliability and accuracy,and the maximum location error is about 3 km(not more than 0.3%of the total line length). Obviously,the application of the system is successful,and the fault location problem has finally been solved completely since the line operation.展开更多
The fault recovery of VSC-HVDC transmission system is often influenced by many factors, such as the reactive power compensation characteristics of the inverter and the dynamic performance of DC controllers. In this pa...The fault recovery of VSC-HVDC transmission system is often influenced by many factors, such as the reactive power compensation characteristics of the inverter and the dynamic performance of DC controllers. In this paper, the PSCAD/ EMTDC simulation tool is used to study the dynamic recovery performance of VSC-HVDC system for several different var compensating devices in VSC-HVDC inverter-Fixed capacitor (FC), Static Var compensator (SVC), and Static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) when VSC-HVDC is subject to various faults, including three phase groundings, single phase grounding and three phase breakings. The result shows that the recovery process of the whole system will be slowed down due to its negative influence on the strength of AC power system with the application of SVC, while the STATCOM can improve VSC-HVDC recovery performance greatly for its advantages over other compensating devices in areas such as voltage support ability and DC power recovery.展开更多
直流线路单极接地短路故障是基于模块化多电平换流器的高压直流输电(modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current,MMC-HVDC)系统中最常见的故障类型,分析其故障特性、掌握故障电流水平对于继电保护的设计及相关参...直流线路单极接地短路故障是基于模块化多电平换流器的高压直流输电(modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current,MMC-HVDC)系统中最常见的故障类型,分析其故障特性、掌握故障电流水平对于继电保护的设计及相关参数的优化具有重要意义。作为分析基础,首先分析并得出MMC直流侧故障电流表达式,然后重点针对金属回线单侧接地方式的MMC-HVDC系统,分析了直流线路故障后的故障点两侧系统在接地电阻上的耦合作用,根据耦合作用的产生原因及本质提出了等效解耦方法,从而得出一种针对单极接地故障电流的实用计算方法。通过对比所提方法与PSCAD/EMTDC的电磁暂态仿真结果,验证了所提计算方法的正确性。展开更多
A novel fault detection and identification(FDI)scheme for HVDC(High Voltage Direct Current Transmission)system was presented.It was based on the unique active disturbance rejection concept,where the HVDC system faults...A novel fault detection and identification(FDI)scheme for HVDC(High Voltage Direct Current Transmission)system was presented.It was based on the unique active disturbance rejection concept,where the HVDC system faults were estimated using an extended states observer(ESO).Firstly,the mathematical model of HVDC system was constructed,where the system states and disturbance were treated as an extended state.An augment HVDC system was established by using the extended state in rectify side and converter side,respectively.Then,a fault diagnosis filter was established to diagnose the HVDC system faults via the ESO theory.The evolution of the extended state in the augment HVDC system can reflect the actual system faults and disturbances,which can be used for the fault diagnosis purpose.A novel feature of this approach is that it can simultaneously detect and identify the shape and magnitude of the HVDC faults and disturbance.Finally,different kinds of HVDC faults were simulated to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed ESO based FDI approach.Compared with the neural network based or support vector machine based FDI approach,the ESO based FDI scheme can reduce the fault detection time dramatically and track the actual system fault accurately.What's more important,it needs not do complex online calculations and the training of neural network so that it can be applied into practice.展开更多
有效的故障行波波头辨识及测距方法是行波保护应用的重要环节。在介绍数学形态学原理及算法的基础上,通过对故障暂态电压行波的多分辨形态学梯度MMG(Multi-resolution Morpho-logical Gradient)处理,提取出故障折、反射行波的幅值及极性...有效的故障行波波头辨识及测距方法是行波保护应用的重要环节。在介绍数学形态学原理及算法的基础上,通过对故障暂态电压行波的多分辨形态学梯度MMG(Multi-resolution Morpho-logical Gradient)处理,提取出故障折、反射行波的幅值及极性,以此对高压直流输电HVDC(High Voltage DC transmission)线路故障类型进行识别,并利用单端或双端测距算法进行故障测距。同时,讨论了几种与线路故障暂态相似的故障类型:换相失败和逆变侧单相接地故障。Matlab仿真结果表明,所提保护算法能够很好地区别HVDC线路故障和其他相似的暂态过程,也能准确地进行故障定位。展开更多
模块化多电平换流器(Modular Multilevel Converter,MMC)作为一种新型多电平拓扑结构的电压源换流器,具有扩展性强、输出电压质量高、谐波含量少等优点,已经展现出极其重要的工程应用前景。首先介绍了模块化多电平高压直流输电(Modular ...模块化多电平换流器(Modular Multilevel Converter,MMC)作为一种新型多电平拓扑结构的电压源换流器,具有扩展性强、输出电压质量高、谐波含量少等优点,已经展现出极其重要的工程应用前景。首先介绍了模块化多电平高压直流输电(Modular Multilevel Converter based High Voltage Direct Current,MMC-HVDC)的拓扑结构及运行原理,然后通过故障附加状态网络分别对区内和区外故障进行了分析,并利用二阶微分法提取了故障时电压、电流的故障分量,得出了保护策略。根据故障网络分析可知,当直流线路发生区内故障时,电流故障分量极性相同;当直流线路发生区外故障时,电流故障分量极性相反。因此,可以根据电流故障分量的极性是否相同来识别区内、外故障,利用二阶微分法来提取故障时电流的故障分量,用以识别区内、外故障。另外,根据故障网络分析还发现,当直流线路发生区内故障时,单极故障时电压故障分量极性相同,双极故障时电压故障分量极性相反。因此,可以根据电压故障分量的极性是否相同来识别故障极。利用二阶微分法来提取故障时电压的故障分量,根据电压故障分量的极性,识别故障所在的极。最后利用PSCAD电磁暂态仿真软件建立了MMC-HVDC的仿真模型。仿真结果验证了故障分析以及保护方法的正确性。展开更多
基于电压源型换流器的高压直流输电(voltage sourced converter based HVDC,VSC-HVDC)是一种以电压源换流器、自关断器件为基础的高压直流输电技术,其换流阀价格昂贵,需要进行必要合理的保护来保证换流阀的安全运行。内部交流母线故障...基于电压源型换流器的高压直流输电(voltage sourced converter based HVDC,VSC-HVDC)是一种以电压源换流器、自关断器件为基础的高压直流输电技术,其换流阀价格昂贵,需要进行必要合理的保护来保证换流阀的安全运行。内部交流母线故障是换流站内部一种严重的故障形式,因此,有必要对该故障进行分析从而进行保护设计。分析了内部交流母线故障的故障机制,同时针对故障换流站不同控制方式、不同运行模式下,非故障站的动作配合进行了深入的研究。通过在PSCAD/EMTDC中建立相应的电磁暂态模型,对内部交流母线故障进行了详细的模拟,给出了分析验证。结合不同应用下的系统运行要求,提出了故障后相应的两站保护动作配合要求。展开更多
针对高压直流输电线路故障定位中存在的输电线路长、故障概率大、测距精度不高以及故障波形含有噪声等问题,提出了VMD分解与广义S变换结合的高压直流输电线路故障测距算法。首先通过变分模态分解(Variational Model Decomposition,VMD)...针对高压直流输电线路故障定位中存在的输电线路长、故障概率大、测距精度不高以及故障波形含有噪声等问题,提出了VMD分解与广义S变换结合的高压直流输电线路故障测距算法。首先通过变分模态分解(Variational Model Decomposition,VMD)对含噪声的行波信号进行VMD分解,滤去噪声并获得最优模态分量。然后采用广义S变换(Generalized S-transform,GST)计算最优模态分量,生成高时间分辨率S矩阵。并选取S矩阵中的高频分量,识别该频率分量的波形突变点,从而获取故障初始行波到达时刻。最后通过测距公式获得故障距离。PSCAD/EMTDC仿真表明,所提方法受过渡电阻影响很小,不同故障距离的测距精度很高。经过现场故障行波数据的验证,可以实现在线路范围内快速准确的故障定位。展开更多
基金supported in part by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No.691714
文摘The diode rectifier unit(DRU)-based high-voltage DC(DRU-HVDC) system is a promising solution for offshore wind energy transmission thanks to its compact design, high efficiency, and strong reliability. Herein we investigate the feasibility of the DRU-HVDC system considering onshore and offshore AC grid faults, DC cable faults, and internal DRU faults. To ensure safe operation during the faults, the wind turbine(WT) converters are designed to operate in either current-limiting or voltage-limiting mode to limit potential excessive overcurrent or overvoltage. Strategies for providing fault currents using WT converters during offshore AC faults to enable offshore overcurrent and differential fault protection are investigated. The DRU-HVDC system is robust against various faults, and it can automatically restore power transmission after fault isolation. Simulation results confirm the system performance under various fault conditions.
文摘The modern travelling wave based fault location principles for transmission lines are analyzed.In order to apply the travelling wave principles to HVDC transmission lines,the special technical problems are studied.Based on this,a fault locating system for HVDC transmission lines is developed.The system can support modern double ended and single ended travelling wave princi- ples simultaneously,and it is composed of three different parts:travelling wave data acquisition and processing system,communication network and PC based master station.In the system,the fault generated transients are induced from the ground leads of the over-voltage suppression capacitors of an HVDC line through specially developed travelling wave couplers.The system was applied to 500 kV Gezhouba-Nanqiao(Shanghai)HVDC transmission line in China.Some field operation experiences are summarized,showing that the system has very high reliability and accuracy,and the maximum location error is about 3 km(not more than 0.3%of the total line length). Obviously,the application of the system is successful,and the fault location problem has finally been solved completely since the line operation.
文摘The fault recovery of VSC-HVDC transmission system is often influenced by many factors, such as the reactive power compensation characteristics of the inverter and the dynamic performance of DC controllers. In this paper, the PSCAD/ EMTDC simulation tool is used to study the dynamic recovery performance of VSC-HVDC system for several different var compensating devices in VSC-HVDC inverter-Fixed capacitor (FC), Static Var compensator (SVC), and Static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) when VSC-HVDC is subject to various faults, including three phase groundings, single phase grounding and three phase breakings. The result shows that the recovery process of the whole system will be slowed down due to its negative influence on the strength of AC power system with the application of SVC, while the STATCOM can improve VSC-HVDC recovery performance greatly for its advantages over other compensating devices in areas such as voltage support ability and DC power recovery.
文摘直流线路单极接地短路故障是基于模块化多电平换流器的高压直流输电(modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current,MMC-HVDC)系统中最常见的故障类型,分析其故障特性、掌握故障电流水平对于继电保护的设计及相关参数的优化具有重要意义。作为分析基础,首先分析并得出MMC直流侧故障电流表达式,然后重点针对金属回线单侧接地方式的MMC-HVDC系统,分析了直流线路故障后的故障点两侧系统在接地电阻上的耦合作用,根据耦合作用的产生原因及本质提出了等效解耦方法,从而得出一种针对单极接地故障电流的实用计算方法。通过对比所提方法与PSCAD/EMTDC的电磁暂态仿真结果,验证了所提计算方法的正确性。
基金Project Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(60574081).
文摘A novel fault detection and identification(FDI)scheme for HVDC(High Voltage Direct Current Transmission)system was presented.It was based on the unique active disturbance rejection concept,where the HVDC system faults were estimated using an extended states observer(ESO).Firstly,the mathematical model of HVDC system was constructed,where the system states and disturbance were treated as an extended state.An augment HVDC system was established by using the extended state in rectify side and converter side,respectively.Then,a fault diagnosis filter was established to diagnose the HVDC system faults via the ESO theory.The evolution of the extended state in the augment HVDC system can reflect the actual system faults and disturbances,which can be used for the fault diagnosis purpose.A novel feature of this approach is that it can simultaneously detect and identify the shape and magnitude of the HVDC faults and disturbance.Finally,different kinds of HVDC faults were simulated to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed ESO based FDI approach.Compared with the neural network based or support vector machine based FDI approach,the ESO based FDI scheme can reduce the fault detection time dramatically and track the actual system fault accurately.What's more important,it needs not do complex online calculations and the training of neural network so that it can be applied into practice.
文摘有效的故障行波波头辨识及测距方法是行波保护应用的重要环节。在介绍数学形态学原理及算法的基础上,通过对故障暂态电压行波的多分辨形态学梯度MMG(Multi-resolution Morpho-logical Gradient)处理,提取出故障折、反射行波的幅值及极性,以此对高压直流输电HVDC(High Voltage DC transmission)线路故障类型进行识别,并利用单端或双端测距算法进行故障测距。同时,讨论了几种与线路故障暂态相似的故障类型:换相失败和逆变侧单相接地故障。Matlab仿真结果表明,所提保护算法能够很好地区别HVDC线路故障和其他相似的暂态过程,也能准确地进行故障定位。
文摘模块化多电平换流器(Modular Multilevel Converter,MMC)作为一种新型多电平拓扑结构的电压源换流器,具有扩展性强、输出电压质量高、谐波含量少等优点,已经展现出极其重要的工程应用前景。首先介绍了模块化多电平高压直流输电(Modular Multilevel Converter based High Voltage Direct Current,MMC-HVDC)的拓扑结构及运行原理,然后通过故障附加状态网络分别对区内和区外故障进行了分析,并利用二阶微分法提取了故障时电压、电流的故障分量,得出了保护策略。根据故障网络分析可知,当直流线路发生区内故障时,电流故障分量极性相同;当直流线路发生区外故障时,电流故障分量极性相反。因此,可以根据电流故障分量的极性是否相同来识别区内、外故障,利用二阶微分法来提取故障时电流的故障分量,用以识别区内、外故障。另外,根据故障网络分析还发现,当直流线路发生区内故障时,单极故障时电压故障分量极性相同,双极故障时电压故障分量极性相反。因此,可以根据电压故障分量的极性是否相同来识别故障极。利用二阶微分法来提取故障时电压的故障分量,根据电压故障分量的极性,识别故障所在的极。最后利用PSCAD电磁暂态仿真软件建立了MMC-HVDC的仿真模型。仿真结果验证了故障分析以及保护方法的正确性。
文摘基于电压源型换流器的高压直流输电(voltage sourced converter based HVDC,VSC-HVDC)是一种以电压源换流器、自关断器件为基础的高压直流输电技术,其换流阀价格昂贵,需要进行必要合理的保护来保证换流阀的安全运行。内部交流母线故障是换流站内部一种严重的故障形式,因此,有必要对该故障进行分析从而进行保护设计。分析了内部交流母线故障的故障机制,同时针对故障换流站不同控制方式、不同运行模式下,非故障站的动作配合进行了深入的研究。通过在PSCAD/EMTDC中建立相应的电磁暂态模型,对内部交流母线故障进行了详细的模拟,给出了分析验证。结合不同应用下的系统运行要求,提出了故障后相应的两站保护动作配合要求。
文摘针对高压直流输电线路故障定位中存在的输电线路长、故障概率大、测距精度不高以及故障波形含有噪声等问题,提出了VMD分解与广义S变换结合的高压直流输电线路故障测距算法。首先通过变分模态分解(Variational Model Decomposition,VMD)对含噪声的行波信号进行VMD分解,滤去噪声并获得最优模态分量。然后采用广义S变换(Generalized S-transform,GST)计算最优模态分量,生成高时间分辨率S矩阵。并选取S矩阵中的高频分量,识别该频率分量的波形突变点,从而获取故障初始行波到达时刻。最后通过测距公式获得故障距离。PSCAD/EMTDC仿真表明,所提方法受过渡电阻影响很小,不同故障距离的测距精度很高。经过现场故障行波数据的验证,可以实现在线路范围内快速准确的故障定位。