For demonstrating a multiterminal voltage-source converter(VSC)-based high-voltage DC(HVDC)(VSCHVDC) project, this study puts forward a technical route for calculating the power flow in a 500-kV VSC-HVDC power grid in...For demonstrating a multiterminal voltage-source converter(VSC)-based high-voltage DC(HVDC)(VSCHVDC) project, this study puts forward a technical route for calculating the power flow in a 500-kV VSC-HVDC power grid in comparison with that of an AC power grid. The Jacobian matrix used in the power-flow calculation was deduced through methods such as Newton–Laphson iteration and Taylor series expansion. Further, the operation effect of powerflow calculation on a true bipolar VSC-HVDC power grid was analyzed briefly. The elements of the Jacobian matrix corresponding to VSC were studied under the mode of droop control and the control strategy of VSC-HVDC power grid was analyzed in detail. The power-flow calculation model for VSC-HVDC power grid of the master–slave control mode was simplified using the PQ decomposition method of the power-flow calculation of an AC power grid. Moreover, a four-terminal model of the Zhangbei VSC-HVDC demonstration project was established and tested on MATLAB. The simulation results under two kinds of operating conditions were analyzed and compared to the results of BPA; the deviation between the power-flow results was studied. The results show that the proposed calculation method can provide a feasible support for calculating the power flow in VSC-HVDC grids.展开更多
风电的大规模并网导致系统等效惯量下降、不确定性增加,给电力系统的负荷频率控制(loadfrequency control,LFC)带来新的挑战。考虑到柔性直流输电系统(voltage source converter based high voltage DC,VSC-HVDC)具有的潜在调频能力,对...风电的大规模并网导致系统等效惯量下降、不确定性增加,给电力系统的负荷频率控制(loadfrequency control,LFC)带来新的挑战。考虑到柔性直流输电系统(voltage source converter based high voltage DC,VSC-HVDC)具有的潜在调频能力,对此展开研究,针对风电场经VSC-HVDC并网的情形提出了一种虚拟同步发电机(virtual synchronous generator,VSG)变参数负荷频率控制策略。首先,在风电场经VSC-HVDC并网的LFC模型及拓扑结构分析基础上,为了提高VSC-HVDC的可控性,对换流器的控制环节进行了VSG控制方法的设计;然后,对VSG控制参数与频率变化的关联性进行分析,并基于分数阶梯度下降法(fractional-order gradient descent method,FOGDM),利用频率的分数阶导数提取频率深层变化特征,以优化VSG控制参数;在此基础上,考虑到系统的不确定性,设计触发机制对VSG变参数优化模式进行调整,以降低VSG参数的变换频次,提高系统频率控制的针对性。仿真结果表明:所提控制方法能有效改善电网负荷频率控制效果,具有良好的适应性。展开更多
随着广东电网负荷中心柔性互联工程的实施,电网分区间的交流联系变弱,大容量常规高压直流馈入的局部电网动态无功支撑能力下降,在逆变站近区严重交流故障冲击下可能暂态电压失稳。结合穗东换流站近区的暂态电压稳定问题,提出了优化直流...随着广东电网负荷中心柔性互联工程的实施,电网分区间的交流联系变弱,大容量常规高压直流馈入的局部电网动态无功支撑能力下降,在逆变站近区严重交流故障冲击下可能暂态电压失稳。结合穗东换流站近区的暂态电压稳定问题,提出了优化直流低压限流控制(voltage dependent current order limiter,VDCOL)参数并附加限制直流功率上升速率的优化控制策略,设计了基于逆变站交流母线电压特征的控制策略自适应切换逻辑,有效减少了直流恢复过程中的无功消耗,达到以最小的控制代价实现最优控制效果的目的;基于实际电网运行方式和直流控制保护系统,仿真验证了所设计方案能显著提升换流站近区的暂态电压稳定性,并在一定程度上可减少交流系统故障后的直流换相失败。相关技术方案已在多个直流工程投入实际应用。展开更多
随着近年来高压直流输电的快速发展,换流变压器有载分接开关频繁动作导致故障数量明显增加,直接影响了直流工程的可靠性与电网的安全运行。运用(modular multilevel converter,MMC)模块化多电平可控电压源技术和基本原理,提出了一种新...随着近年来高压直流输电的快速发展,换流变压器有载分接开关频繁动作导致故障数量明显增加,直接影响了直流工程的可靠性与电网的安全运行。运用(modular multilevel converter,MMC)模块化多电平可控电压源技术和基本原理,提出了一种新型具备有载调压功能的(line commutated converter based high voltage direct current,LCCHVDC)直流输电的拓扑结构和控制策略,实现了对电网侧电压的补偿,当交流母线电压降低时,无需调节变压器分接开关而维持阀侧电压在额定值水平,大大降低了分接开关的动作次数,提高了工程运行的可靠性。以CIGRE直流输电标准模型为算例,分析了提电压补偿在传统LCC-HVDC直流输电系统中应用的机理,验证了该控制策略的正确性和有效性。展开更多
The use of the supplementary controllers of a High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) based on Voltage Source Converter (VSC) to damp low Frequency oscillations in a weakly connected system is surveyed. Also, singular valu...The use of the supplementary controllers of a High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) based on Voltage Source Converter (VSC) to damp low Frequency oscillations in a weakly connected system is surveyed. Also, singular value decomposition (SVD)-based approach is used to analyze and assess the controllability of the poorly damped electromechanical modes by VSC-HVDC different control channels. The problem of supplementary damping controller based VSC-HVDC system is formulated as an optimization problem according to the time domain-based objective function which is solved using quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO). Individual designs of the HVDC controllers using QPSO method are evaluated. The effectiveness of the proposed controllers on damping low frequency oscillations is checked through eigenvalue analysis and non-linear time simulation under various disturbance conditions over a wide range of loading.展开更多
大规模风电经柔性直流输电(Voltage Source Converter Based High Voltage Direct Current,VSC-HVDC)并网替代了电网内大量的同步发电机,削弱了电网的调频能力。对此,文中提出了利用直流电容和风电机组功率备用提高电网频率响应能力的...大规模风电经柔性直流输电(Voltage Source Converter Based High Voltage Direct Current,VSC-HVDC)并网替代了电网内大量的同步发电机,削弱了电网的调频能力。对此,文中提出了利用直流电容和风电机组功率备用提高电网频率响应能力的协同控制策略。通过系统频率响应模型分析电网频率响应特性与影响频率的关键因素;建立了直流电压与电网频率的关系式,控制直流电容吸收或释放能量实现VSC-HVDC惯量支撑;基于超速减载控制方案,将电网频率的偏差与微分引入风电机组的功率控制系统,实现风电机组综合频率控制。最后,在大规模风电经VSC-HVDC接入的电网中验证所提控制策略的有效性。结果表明:所提控制策略能够显著提升电网的惯量水平与一次调频响应能力。展开更多
Recently, introduction of renewable energy sources like wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation has been increasing from the viewpoint of environmental problems. However, renewable energy power supplie...Recently, introduction of renewable energy sources like wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation has been increasing from the viewpoint of environmental problems. However, renewable energy power supplies have unstable output due to the influence of weather conditions such as wind speed variations, which may cause fluctuations of voltage and frequency in the power system. This paper proposes fuzzy PD based virtual inertia control system to decrease frequency fluctuations in power system caused by fluctuating output of renewable energy sources. The proposed new method is based on the coordinated control of HVDC interconnection line and battery, and energy balancing control is also incorporated in it. Finally, it is concluded that the proposed system is very effective for suppressing the frequency fluctuations of the power system due to the large-scale wind power generation and solar power generation and also for keeping the energy balancing in the HVDC transmission line.展开更多
HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) systems are increasingly being applied to improve power system operation and controllability. However, inappropriate setting of HVDC controller may have a detriment effect on the sys...HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) systems are increasingly being applied to improve power system operation and controllability. However, inappropriate setting of HVDC controller may have a detriment effect on the system performance. Generally, PSS (Power System Stabilizer) is known as a simple concept, easy to perform, and computationally effective to enhance damping of power system oscillations through excitation control of synchronous generator. This paper examines the effectiveness of the PSS to enhance the dynamic performance of AC-DC power systems and to compensate the negative damping of HVDC system. The dynamic performance is evaluated by examining the system response to various disturbances. In order to ensure the reliability of the simulation test results as well as the performance of the PSS, detailed HVDC modeling is adopted using SimPowerSystems toolbox in the MATLAB, and some important conclusions are drawn.展开更多
The interaction mechanism between AC and DC systems in a hybrid AC-DC transmission grid is discussed with PSS/E software. Analysis shows that receiving-end AC faults may cause much more damage on the HVDC system opera...The interaction mechanism between AC and DC systems in a hybrid AC-DC transmission grid is discussed with PSS/E software. Analysis shows that receiving-end AC faults may cause much more damage on the HVDC system operation than the sending-end AC faults in a multi-infeed HVDC system, and the damage severity depends on the power recovering rate of the HVDC systems. For HVDC systems with slow power recovering rate, the receiving-end AC faults may probably be a critical factor to constrain power transfer limits. Larger capacity of HVDC system means not only higher power transfer-limit of the parallel connected AC-DC transmission grid, but also more expensive stabilizing cost.展开更多
[目的]现有换流站无功补偿方案下,调相机仅提供暂态无功支撑,交流滤波器承担稳态无功补偿与调整任务,两者间缺少协调方案,经济性不足。[方法]在保证调相机动态特性的基础上,基于直流送、受端系统运行特性,首先提出以调相机置换部分交流...[目的]现有换流站无功补偿方案下,调相机仅提供暂态无功支撑,交流滤波器承担稳态无功补偿与调整任务,两者间缺少协调方案,经济性不足。[方法]在保证调相机动态特性的基础上,基于直流送、受端系统运行特性,首先提出以调相机置换部分交流滤波器容量,两者共同参与稳态无功补偿的换流站无功优化方案。随后按照动作顺序先后提出换流站双层无功调整策略。第一层无功调整由调相机承担,通过在稳态运行范围内调节出力实现。第二层无功调节在第一层无功调整后启动,逐组投切交流滤波器进行无功调整,直至达到换流站无功调整要求。最后,在PSCAD中搭建LCC-HVDC(Line-Commutated Converter High Voltage Direct Current,LCC高压直流输电)系统仿真模型进行仿真验证。[结果]仿真结果表明文章提出的换流站无功补偿方案和双层无功调整策略能优化换流站交流滤波器配置组数,减少换流站交流滤波器投切频次。[结论]所提方案实现了对现有LCC-HVDC换流站无功补偿方案和无功调整策略的优化。展开更多
基金supported by the State Grid Corporation of China Headquarter technology project (52010118000K)
文摘For demonstrating a multiterminal voltage-source converter(VSC)-based high-voltage DC(HVDC)(VSCHVDC) project, this study puts forward a technical route for calculating the power flow in a 500-kV VSC-HVDC power grid in comparison with that of an AC power grid. The Jacobian matrix used in the power-flow calculation was deduced through methods such as Newton–Laphson iteration and Taylor series expansion. Further, the operation effect of powerflow calculation on a true bipolar VSC-HVDC power grid was analyzed briefly. The elements of the Jacobian matrix corresponding to VSC were studied under the mode of droop control and the control strategy of VSC-HVDC power grid was analyzed in detail. The power-flow calculation model for VSC-HVDC power grid of the master–slave control mode was simplified using the PQ decomposition method of the power-flow calculation of an AC power grid. Moreover, a four-terminal model of the Zhangbei VSC-HVDC demonstration project was established and tested on MATLAB. The simulation results under two kinds of operating conditions were analyzed and compared to the results of BPA; the deviation between the power-flow results was studied. The results show that the proposed calculation method can provide a feasible support for calculating the power flow in VSC-HVDC grids.
文摘风电的大规模并网导致系统等效惯量下降、不确定性增加,给电力系统的负荷频率控制(loadfrequency control,LFC)带来新的挑战。考虑到柔性直流输电系统(voltage source converter based high voltage DC,VSC-HVDC)具有的潜在调频能力,对此展开研究,针对风电场经VSC-HVDC并网的情形提出了一种虚拟同步发电机(virtual synchronous generator,VSG)变参数负荷频率控制策略。首先,在风电场经VSC-HVDC并网的LFC模型及拓扑结构分析基础上,为了提高VSC-HVDC的可控性,对换流器的控制环节进行了VSG控制方法的设计;然后,对VSG控制参数与频率变化的关联性进行分析,并基于分数阶梯度下降法(fractional-order gradient descent method,FOGDM),利用频率的分数阶导数提取频率深层变化特征,以优化VSG控制参数;在此基础上,考虑到系统的不确定性,设计触发机制对VSG变参数优化模式进行调整,以降低VSG参数的变换频次,提高系统频率控制的针对性。仿真结果表明:所提控制方法能有效改善电网负荷频率控制效果,具有良好的适应性。
文摘随着广东电网负荷中心柔性互联工程的实施,电网分区间的交流联系变弱,大容量常规高压直流馈入的局部电网动态无功支撑能力下降,在逆变站近区严重交流故障冲击下可能暂态电压失稳。结合穗东换流站近区的暂态电压稳定问题,提出了优化直流低压限流控制(voltage dependent current order limiter,VDCOL)参数并附加限制直流功率上升速率的优化控制策略,设计了基于逆变站交流母线电压特征的控制策略自适应切换逻辑,有效减少了直流恢复过程中的无功消耗,达到以最小的控制代价实现最优控制效果的目的;基于实际电网运行方式和直流控制保护系统,仿真验证了所设计方案能显著提升换流站近区的暂态电压稳定性,并在一定程度上可减少交流系统故障后的直流换相失败。相关技术方案已在多个直流工程投入实际应用。
文摘随着近年来高压直流输电的快速发展,换流变压器有载分接开关频繁动作导致故障数量明显增加,直接影响了直流工程的可靠性与电网的安全运行。运用(modular multilevel converter,MMC)模块化多电平可控电压源技术和基本原理,提出了一种新型具备有载调压功能的(line commutated converter based high voltage direct current,LCCHVDC)直流输电的拓扑结构和控制策略,实现了对电网侧电压的补偿,当交流母线电压降低时,无需调节变压器分接开关而维持阀侧电压在额定值水平,大大降低了分接开关的动作次数,提高了工程运行的可靠性。以CIGRE直流输电标准模型为算例,分析了提电压补偿在传统LCC-HVDC直流输电系统中应用的机理,验证了该控制策略的正确性和有效性。
文摘The use of the supplementary controllers of a High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) based on Voltage Source Converter (VSC) to damp low Frequency oscillations in a weakly connected system is surveyed. Also, singular value decomposition (SVD)-based approach is used to analyze and assess the controllability of the poorly damped electromechanical modes by VSC-HVDC different control channels. The problem of supplementary damping controller based VSC-HVDC system is formulated as an optimization problem according to the time domain-based objective function which is solved using quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO). Individual designs of the HVDC controllers using QPSO method are evaluated. The effectiveness of the proposed controllers on damping low frequency oscillations is checked through eigenvalue analysis and non-linear time simulation under various disturbance conditions over a wide range of loading.
文摘大规模风电经柔性直流输电(Voltage Source Converter Based High Voltage Direct Current,VSC-HVDC)并网替代了电网内大量的同步发电机,削弱了电网的调频能力。对此,文中提出了利用直流电容和风电机组功率备用提高电网频率响应能力的协同控制策略。通过系统频率响应模型分析电网频率响应特性与影响频率的关键因素;建立了直流电压与电网频率的关系式,控制直流电容吸收或释放能量实现VSC-HVDC惯量支撑;基于超速减载控制方案,将电网频率的偏差与微分引入风电机组的功率控制系统,实现风电机组综合频率控制。最后,在大规模风电经VSC-HVDC接入的电网中验证所提控制策略的有效性。结果表明:所提控制策略能够显著提升电网的惯量水平与一次调频响应能力。
文摘Recently, introduction of renewable energy sources like wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation has been increasing from the viewpoint of environmental problems. However, renewable energy power supplies have unstable output due to the influence of weather conditions such as wind speed variations, which may cause fluctuations of voltage and frequency in the power system. This paper proposes fuzzy PD based virtual inertia control system to decrease frequency fluctuations in power system caused by fluctuating output of renewable energy sources. The proposed new method is based on the coordinated control of HVDC interconnection line and battery, and energy balancing control is also incorporated in it. Finally, it is concluded that the proposed system is very effective for suppressing the frequency fluctuations of the power system due to the large-scale wind power generation and solar power generation and also for keeping the energy balancing in the HVDC transmission line.
文摘HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) systems are increasingly being applied to improve power system operation and controllability. However, inappropriate setting of HVDC controller may have a detriment effect on the system performance. Generally, PSS (Power System Stabilizer) is known as a simple concept, easy to perform, and computationally effective to enhance damping of power system oscillations through excitation control of synchronous generator. This paper examines the effectiveness of the PSS to enhance the dynamic performance of AC-DC power systems and to compensate the negative damping of HVDC system. The dynamic performance is evaluated by examining the system response to various disturbances. In order to ensure the reliability of the simulation test results as well as the performance of the PSS, detailed HVDC modeling is adopted using SimPowerSystems toolbox in the MATLAB, and some important conclusions are drawn.
文摘The interaction mechanism between AC and DC systems in a hybrid AC-DC transmission grid is discussed with PSS/E software. Analysis shows that receiving-end AC faults may cause much more damage on the HVDC system operation than the sending-end AC faults in a multi-infeed HVDC system, and the damage severity depends on the power recovering rate of the HVDC systems. For HVDC systems with slow power recovering rate, the receiving-end AC faults may probably be a critical factor to constrain power transfer limits. Larger capacity of HVDC system means not only higher power transfer-limit of the parallel connected AC-DC transmission grid, but also more expensive stabilizing cost.
文摘[目的]现有换流站无功补偿方案下,调相机仅提供暂态无功支撑,交流滤波器承担稳态无功补偿与调整任务,两者间缺少协调方案,经济性不足。[方法]在保证调相机动态特性的基础上,基于直流送、受端系统运行特性,首先提出以调相机置换部分交流滤波器容量,两者共同参与稳态无功补偿的换流站无功优化方案。随后按照动作顺序先后提出换流站双层无功调整策略。第一层无功调整由调相机承担,通过在稳态运行范围内调节出力实现。第二层无功调节在第一层无功调整后启动,逐组投切交流滤波器进行无功调整,直至达到换流站无功调整要求。最后,在PSCAD中搭建LCC-HVDC(Line-Commutated Converter High Voltage Direct Current,LCC高压直流输电)系统仿真模型进行仿真验证。[结果]仿真结果表明文章提出的换流站无功补偿方案和双层无功调整策略能优化换流站交流滤波器配置组数,减少换流站交流滤波器投切频次。[结论]所提方案实现了对现有LCC-HVDC换流站无功补偿方案和无功调整策略的优化。
