Objective:To evaluate the toxic effect of hydrose used in the molasses preparation in Bangladesh.Methods:Molasses were collected from open markets in different parts of Bangladesh.The presence of hydrose in selected m...Objective:To evaluate the toxic effect of hydrose used in the molasses preparation in Bangladesh.Methods:Molasses were collected from open markets in different parts of Bangladesh.The presence of hydrose in selected molasses was detected using commercial kit.To evaluate the toxic effect of hydrose.Swiss albino male mice were divided into four groups.Group Ⅰ was used as control,while Groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ received hydrose mixing food(5.10 and 25 g/kg food),respectively,and these supplementations were continued to the end of the study(16weeks).Blood was collected from thoracic arteries of the mice under ether anesthesia and then organs were taken.To determine the effect of hydrose on host,blood indices related to liver,heart and kidney dysfunctions were measured.Result:Creatinine and urea levels were significantly(P<0.05) increased in a dose dependent manner in hydrose treated mice,whereas calcium level was significantly decreased in hydrose exposed mice compared to control mice.Histological study of kidney showed the glomeruler inflammation,increased diameter of renal glomeruli and enlargement of proximal tubular lumen of kidneys of mice exposed to hydrose compared to that of control animals.Conclusion:The results of this study indicated that use of hydrose in molasses and other food preparations in Bangladesh may cause kidney impairment.展开更多
The integration of solar and wind energy into the electrical grid has received global research attention due to their unpredictable characteristics.Because wind energy varies across all timescales of utility activity,...The integration of solar and wind energy into the electrical grid has received global research attention due to their unpredictable characteristics.Because wind energy varies across all timescales of utility activity,renewable energy generation should be supplemented and enhanced,from real-time,minute-to-minute variations to annual alterations influencing long-termstrategy.Wind energy generation does not only fluctuate but is also challenging to accurately forecast the timeframes of significance to electricity decision makers;day-ahead and long-term making plans of framework sufficiency such as meeting the network peak load annually.A utility that integrates wind and solar energy into its electricity mix would understand how to adapt to uncertainty and variability in operations while sustaining grid stability.Due to hydropower’s adaptability,a system using hydropower as one of its generating resources could be precisely adapted to absorb the variability of wind and solar energy.The objective of this research study is to create a hybrid system comprising hydro-wind and solar(Hybrid-HWS)integration for power balancing in an isolated electrical network in Klipkop village,Pretoria region,South Africa.The desirability of designing and building goaf storage tank in regard to capability,the fullness of line throughoutwater pumping,dispensing,storage tank spillage,and pressure difference throughout liquid flow within the storage tanks were preliminary assessed using geotechnical and weather forecasting data from a distinctive area of Klipkop town in Pretoria,South Africa.Different facility hours premised on daylight accessibility are scheduled to balance maximum load at early and late hours.However,in the scenario of electrical power,time shift requiring storage for extended periods of time,such as in terms of hours,Hybrid-HWS has been found to have a crucial role.The results of simulations showed a coordinated process design for Hybrid-HWS Energy Storage(ES)to determine everyday strategic planning in reducing the variability of the system resulting from wind-solar-pumped hydro ES output inadequacies and satisfy daily load demands.It could be recommended that by considering the adaptability characteristics,extremely rapidly,ramping,peaking support and maximum stabilizing aid of the system could be archived with pump-hydro into the energy mix which can provide specific guidelines for energy policymakers.展开更多
The transition to sustainable energy systems is one of the defining challenges of our time, necessitating innovations in how we generate, distribute, and manage electrical power. Micro-grids, as localized energy hubs,...The transition to sustainable energy systems is one of the defining challenges of our time, necessitating innovations in how we generate, distribute, and manage electrical power. Micro-grids, as localized energy hubs, have emerged as a promising solution to integrate renewable energy sources, ensure energy security, and improve system resilience. The Autonomous multi-factor Energy Flow Controller (AmEFC) introduced in this paper addresses this need by offering a scalable, adaptable, and resilient framework for energy management within an on-grid micro-grid context. The urgency for such a system is predicated on the increasing volatility and unpredictability in energy landscapes, including fluctuating renewable outputs and changing load demands. To tackle these challenges, the AmEFC prototype incorporates a novel hierarchical control structure that leverages Renewable Energy Sources (RES), such as photovoltaic systems, wind turbines, and hydro pumps, alongside a sophisticated Battery Management System (BMS). Its prime objective is to maintain an uninterrupted power supply to critical loads, efficiently balance energy surplus through hydraulic storage, and ensure robust interaction with the main grid. A comprehensive Simulink model is developed to validate the functionality of the AmEFC, simulating real-world conditions and dynamic interactions among the components. The model assesses the system’s reliability in consistently powering critical loads and its efficacy in managing surplus energy. The inclusion of advanced predictive algorithms enables the AmEFC to anticipate energy production and consumption trends, integrating weather forecasting and inter-controller communication to optimize energy flow within and across micro-grids. This study’s significance lies in its potential to facilitate the seamless incorporation of RES into existing power systems, thus propelling the energy sector towards a more sustainable, autonomous, and resilient future. The results underscore the potential of such a system to revolutionize energy management practices and highlight the importance of smart controller systems in the era of smart grids.展开更多
The state of Cameroon, faced with the situation the electricity deficits, is promoting the development of renewable energies in general and to meet rural electrification needs in particular. The purpose of this work i...The state of Cameroon, faced with the situation the electricity deficits, is promoting the development of renewable energies in general and to meet rural electrification needs in particular. The purpose of this work is to study the feasibility of the MHP of Batcheu, to show its contribution to sustainable development in this locality and to prove that it is a profitable project. After study, it appears that the waterfall of Batcheu is favourable to the establishment of a MHP with an installed power of 260 kW with an operating diagram corresponding to a Francis turbine. Given that it is a renewable energy that can supply more than 800 households in rural areas, its contribution to sustainable development is obvious. Its investment cost is estimated at 171,465,396 FCFA. It is a profitable project with a payback time of 7 years and 2 months.展开更多
基金supported by the grant from Rajshahi University(No. A-300(6)-5/52/RABI/BINGAN (1)/2013)
文摘Objective:To evaluate the toxic effect of hydrose used in the molasses preparation in Bangladesh.Methods:Molasses were collected from open markets in different parts of Bangladesh.The presence of hydrose in selected molasses was detected using commercial kit.To evaluate the toxic effect of hydrose.Swiss albino male mice were divided into four groups.Group Ⅰ was used as control,while Groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ received hydrose mixing food(5.10 and 25 g/kg food),respectively,and these supplementations were continued to the end of the study(16weeks).Blood was collected from thoracic arteries of the mice under ether anesthesia and then organs were taken.To determine the effect of hydrose on host,blood indices related to liver,heart and kidney dysfunctions were measured.Result:Creatinine and urea levels were significantly(P<0.05) increased in a dose dependent manner in hydrose treated mice,whereas calcium level was significantly decreased in hydrose exposed mice compared to control mice.Histological study of kidney showed the glomeruler inflammation,increased diameter of renal glomeruli and enlargement of proximal tubular lumen of kidneys of mice exposed to hydrose compared to that of control animals.Conclusion:The results of this study indicated that use of hydrose in molasses and other food preparations in Bangladesh may cause kidney impairment.
基金This study was supported by the DUT Scholarship Scheme Masters:2022(RFA Smart Grid)Funding.
文摘The integration of solar and wind energy into the electrical grid has received global research attention due to their unpredictable characteristics.Because wind energy varies across all timescales of utility activity,renewable energy generation should be supplemented and enhanced,from real-time,minute-to-minute variations to annual alterations influencing long-termstrategy.Wind energy generation does not only fluctuate but is also challenging to accurately forecast the timeframes of significance to electricity decision makers;day-ahead and long-term making plans of framework sufficiency such as meeting the network peak load annually.A utility that integrates wind and solar energy into its electricity mix would understand how to adapt to uncertainty and variability in operations while sustaining grid stability.Due to hydropower’s adaptability,a system using hydropower as one of its generating resources could be precisely adapted to absorb the variability of wind and solar energy.The objective of this research study is to create a hybrid system comprising hydro-wind and solar(Hybrid-HWS)integration for power balancing in an isolated electrical network in Klipkop village,Pretoria region,South Africa.The desirability of designing and building goaf storage tank in regard to capability,the fullness of line throughoutwater pumping,dispensing,storage tank spillage,and pressure difference throughout liquid flow within the storage tanks were preliminary assessed using geotechnical and weather forecasting data from a distinctive area of Klipkop town in Pretoria,South Africa.Different facility hours premised on daylight accessibility are scheduled to balance maximum load at early and late hours.However,in the scenario of electrical power,time shift requiring storage for extended periods of time,such as in terms of hours,Hybrid-HWS has been found to have a crucial role.The results of simulations showed a coordinated process design for Hybrid-HWS Energy Storage(ES)to determine everyday strategic planning in reducing the variability of the system resulting from wind-solar-pumped hydro ES output inadequacies and satisfy daily load demands.It could be recommended that by considering the adaptability characteristics,extremely rapidly,ramping,peaking support and maximum stabilizing aid of the system could be archived with pump-hydro into the energy mix which can provide specific guidelines for energy policymakers.
文摘The transition to sustainable energy systems is one of the defining challenges of our time, necessitating innovations in how we generate, distribute, and manage electrical power. Micro-grids, as localized energy hubs, have emerged as a promising solution to integrate renewable energy sources, ensure energy security, and improve system resilience. The Autonomous multi-factor Energy Flow Controller (AmEFC) introduced in this paper addresses this need by offering a scalable, adaptable, and resilient framework for energy management within an on-grid micro-grid context. The urgency for such a system is predicated on the increasing volatility and unpredictability in energy landscapes, including fluctuating renewable outputs and changing load demands. To tackle these challenges, the AmEFC prototype incorporates a novel hierarchical control structure that leverages Renewable Energy Sources (RES), such as photovoltaic systems, wind turbines, and hydro pumps, alongside a sophisticated Battery Management System (BMS). Its prime objective is to maintain an uninterrupted power supply to critical loads, efficiently balance energy surplus through hydraulic storage, and ensure robust interaction with the main grid. A comprehensive Simulink model is developed to validate the functionality of the AmEFC, simulating real-world conditions and dynamic interactions among the components. The model assesses the system’s reliability in consistently powering critical loads and its efficacy in managing surplus energy. The inclusion of advanced predictive algorithms enables the AmEFC to anticipate energy production and consumption trends, integrating weather forecasting and inter-controller communication to optimize energy flow within and across micro-grids. This study’s significance lies in its potential to facilitate the seamless incorporation of RES into existing power systems, thus propelling the energy sector towards a more sustainable, autonomous, and resilient future. The results underscore the potential of such a system to revolutionize energy management practices and highlight the importance of smart controller systems in the era of smart grids.
文摘The state of Cameroon, faced with the situation the electricity deficits, is promoting the development of renewable energies in general and to meet rural electrification needs in particular. The purpose of this work is to study the feasibility of the MHP of Batcheu, to show its contribution to sustainable development in this locality and to prove that it is a profitable project. After study, it appears that the waterfall of Batcheu is favourable to the establishment of a MHP with an installed power of 260 kW with an operating diagram corresponding to a Francis turbine. Given that it is a renewable energy that can supply more than 800 households in rural areas, its contribution to sustainable development is obvious. Its investment cost is estimated at 171,465,396 FCFA. It is a profitable project with a payback time of 7 years and 2 months.
