Ecofriendly Hydroxyalkyl Cellulose Additives for Efficient and Stable MAPbI_(3)-Based Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have been demonstrated to be one of the most promising technologies in the field of renewable energy.However,the presence of the defects in the perovskite films greatly limits the efficiency and the stability of the PSCs.The additive engineering is one of the most effective approaches to overcome this problem.Most of the successful additives are extracted from the petroleum-based materials,while the research on the biomass-based additives is still lagging behind.In this paper,two ecofriendly hydroxyalkyl cellulose additives,i.e.,hydroxyethyl cellulose(HEC)and hydroxylpropyl cellulose(HPC),are investigated on the performance of the MAPbl_(3)-based inverted PSCs.Due to the strong interaction between the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose and the divalent cations of the perovskite,these additives enhance the crystal grain orientation and significantly repair the defects of the perovskite films.Working as the additives,these two cellulose derivatives show a strong passivation ability,which significantly reduces the trap density and improves the optoelectronic feature of the PSCs.Compared with the average power conversion efficiency(PCE)of the control device(19.19%),an enhancement of~10%is achieved after the addition of HEC.The optimized device(PCE=21.25%)with a long-term stability(10:80 h,PCE=20.93%)is achieved by the incorporation of the HEC additives into the precursor solution.It is the best performance among the PSCs with the cellulose additives up to now.This research provides a novel choice to develop a cost-effective and renewable additive for the PSCs with high efficiency and excellent long-term stability.

A Facile and Efficient One-Pot Regioselective Synthesis of 2-Hydroxyalkyl Dithiocarbamates under Catalyst-Free Conditions

A simple catalyst-free, and highly regioselective approach to 2-hydroxyalkyl dithiocarbamates is described which involves a one-pot reaction of various amines and carbon disulfide,CS2, with epoxides in ethanol at room temperature.

Synthesis of 2-(α-Hydroxyalkyl)-2-Oxazoline under Microwave Irradiation in Bluk

Four 2-(α-hydroxyalkyl)-2-oxazolines and a 2-(α-hydroxy-α,α-diphenyl)-2-benzooxazole were synthesized from β-amimoalcohols and α-hydroxy carboxylic acids under microwave irradiation in the absence of a solvent.

Generation and α-hydroxyalkylation of a novel 3-piperidinol N-α-carbanion intermediate

The (S)-sulfide 6 has been synthesized as a synthetic equivalent of novel 3-piperidinol N-α-carbanion B via deprotonation and lithium naphthanelide (LN)-mediated reductive lithiation. The reaction of the 3-piperidinol N-α-carbanion intermediate B with carbonyl compounds gave, besides some reduced product 2a, the desired α-hydroxyalkylation products 12-17 with excellent 2,3-diastereoselectivity. The reductive α-hydroxyalkylation with unsymmetric carbonyl compounds led to only 50:50 to 77:23 diastereoselectivities at the C-1' carbinol center.

Synthesis of New Chiral [2-（1-Hydroxyalkyl）pyrrolidino]methylferrocenes and Application to the Catalytic Asymmetric Addition of Diethylzinc to Arylaldehydes

A series of new optically active [2-（1-hydroxyalkyl）pyrrolidino]methylferrocenes were conveniently prepared from commercially available L-proline and ferrocenecarboxylic acid. The crystal structure of key intermediate was obtained. They were then applied to catalyze enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to arylaldehydes with enantioselectivity up to 99%. The effects of the ligand structures on the enantioselectivity were also studied.

Fe-catalyzed regioselective Friedel–Crafts hydroxyalkylation of N-substituted glyoxylamide with indoles

An efficient regioselective Friedel-Crafts hydroxyalkylation of N-substituted glyoxylamide with various indoles catalyzed by Lewis acids was developed. The reactions proceeded smoothly at room temperature and the 2-hydroxy-2-（1H-indol-3-yl）-N-substituted acetamide resulted from the reactions catalyzed by FeSO4 were synthesized in excellent yields （up to 93%）. While the bisindole compounds were obtained when FeCl3 was used as a catalyst in excellent yields （up to 92%）. A possible mechanism was proposed.

THE SYNTHESIS OF 2-FERROCENYL-2-(1-HYDROXYALKYL)-1,3-DITHIANES

There has been now a lot of work done on the 1,3-dithianes chemistry. As a synthetic reagent, 1,3-dithiane has been widely applied to organic syntheses. But no report has been found in literature on the synthesis of derivatives of ferrocene by this versatile method, except that by Reuter et al. In our work a series of new ferrocenyl derivatives, 2-ferrocenyl-2-(1-hydroxyalkyl)-1, 3-dithianes have been synthesized through the following synthetic route:

Visible light-induced hydroxyalkylation of 2H-benzothiazoles with alcohols via selectfluor oxidation

A visible-light induced metal-free approach was described for the hydroxyalkylation of 2 Hbenzothiazoles with alcohols by using selectfluor as the oxidant.A variety of 2 H-benzothiazoles and alcohols could be tolerated,providing a mild and simple method for the synthesis of C2-hydroxyalkylated2 H-benzothiazoles in moderate to good yields.Besides,ethers were also compatible in this reaction,leading to corresponding C2 ether-substituted 2 H-benzothiazoles with high regioselectivity.

溴硝醇的合成研究

以硝基甲烷和甲醛为原料 ,在碱性条件下经烷羟基化和溴化两步反应合成了溴硝醇。考察了反应温度、反应时间、溶剂中水与醇的体积比以及溶剂用量对产品收率的影响。最佳反应条件为 :V(水 )∶V(醇 ) =0 4∶1 0 ,V(溶剂 )∶V(反应原料 ) =2 1∶1 0 ,烷羟基化反应时间为 1 5h ,反应温度为 5℃ ;溴化反应时间为 0 5h ,反应温度为 10℃。产品收率可达到 78% ,质量分数为98%。产物经高效液相色谱、红外、质谱确证。

羟烷基胺功能化离子液体吸收SO_2的量子化学计算(英文)

采用量子化学中的密度泛函理论(DFT)对羟烷基胺离子液体(HyAAILs)与二氧化硫(SO2)的相互作用进行了研究.通过几何结构优化,电荷分布和热力学参数计算等来确定离子液体中能够有效吸收SO2的官能团.HyAAILs与SO2反应形成平均距离为0.240nm的S—N键,导致电荷从ILs转移到SO2以及S—O键长和O—S—O键角的改变.气态和液态模型的计算结果表明,标准吉布斯函数变(△G苓)主要取决于阳离子的结构和分子质量.阳离子结构影响了吸收反应能垒,对于三种阳离子体系的反应活化能顺序为:Ea(secondary)<Ea(tertiary)<Ea(primary).理论计算结果得到了实验数据的验证,羟乙基伯胺离子液体吸收的SO2理论摩尔分数与文献中的实验数据非常接近.本研究提供了一种预测和验证功能离子液体性质的有效方法.

5-氟尿嘧啶-聚α,β(2-羟乙基)-DL-天冬酰胺的合成及体内释放的研究

以５氟尿嘧啶为模型药物，将药物以共价键的形式键合于生物降解型高分子材料聚α，β（２羟乙基）ＤＬ天冬酰胺上制成高分子载体药物，药物接入率达３７１％（ｗ／ｗ）。用红外和差热分析法对载体药物进行了表征。以纯种大白兔为实验动物，把载体药物制成混悬型和棒状型两种剂型，进行药物体内释放实验。结果表明：以棒状型药物给药在一定程度上可以降低释药初期的“爆释”现象，为进一步临床应用提供了重要依据。

Brφnsted酸性离子液体催化苯酚羟烷基化反应合成双酚F

合成了以不同碳链长度的N-甲基咪唑[C6mim]+为阳离子,HSO4-、H2PO4-、CH3COO-为阴离子的一系列Brφnsted酸性离子液体,表征了其结构和酸性强度,以苯酚和甲醛合成双酚F的羟烷基化反应考察了它们的催化效果。在阳离子结构一定时,阴离子为HSO4-的离子液体酸性最强,催化效果最好;在阴离子结构一定时,随着阳离子中烷基链增加,酸性缓慢增加,但当烷基链中碳原子数为6时,催化效果最好。以[C6mim][HSO4]为酸催化剂,在反应时间60 min、酸/醛比1:1、原料酚醛比6:1、反应温度90℃的条件下双酚F的收率达到80.5%,选择性超过90%。该离子液体重复使用性好和腐蚀性低,有望成为一种极具发展潜力的双酚F合成催化剂。

高分子载体α，β－聚（羟烷基）－DL－天冬酰胺的合成及分子量测定

以ＤＬ－天冬氨酸为单体，聚合成ＤＬ－天冬酸胺，接入不同悬臂氨基乙醇，氨基内醇，氨基丁醇，得到α，β－聚（羟烷基）－ＤＬ－天冬酰胺，分别是α，β－聚（２－羟乙基）－ＤＬ－大冬酰胺（ＰＨＥＡ），α，β－聚（３－羟丙基）－ＤＬ－天冬酰胺（ＰＨＰＡ），α，β－聚（４－羟丁基）－ＤＬ－天冬酰胺（ＰＨＢＡ）。用红外光谱表征了高分子载体，比较了不同投料比对反应的影响；测定了高分子载体的比浓粘度，建立了ＰＨＰＡ的Ｍａｒｋ—Ｈｏｕｗｉｎｋ方程。

N-烷基取代丙烯酰胺共聚体系热敏性质研究

Ｎ烷基取代丙烯酰胺共聚体系热敏性质研究祝黔江（贵州农学院基础部贵阳５５００２５）陶朱马培华刘敏（贵州大学化学系应用化学研究所贵阳５５００２５）关键词共聚Ｎ烷基取代聚丙烯酰胺，浊化温度，浓度，共聚比具有透明白浊热可逆性质的高聚物在三十年前就已有...

水溶性高分子材料聚(羟烷基)-天冬酰胺的合成性能及键合药物体内释放研究

以天冬氨酸为单体合成了聚天冬酰胺，用不同长度的羟烷基作为侧链基制成聚－α、β－（羟烷基）－ＤＬ－天冬酰胺。用红外光谱法，差热分析法对材料进行了表征；对材料的急性毒性、稳定性等作了研究，实验表明该类材料为低毒性材料，并有较好的稳定性。以乙酰水杨酸为模型药物，大白兔为实验动物进行体内释放实验，结果证明侧链基越长，释药速率加快。

甘油骨架上含芳硒基的替加氟硫代磷脂缀合物的合成及生物活性

以O-(2-邻苯二甲酰亚氨基)乙基-1,3,2-二氧磷杂环戊烷硫代磷酸酯1及2-邻苯二甲酰亚氨基乙醇环甘油硫代磷脂缀合物2为模型,研究开环反应的条件.结果表明,在室温下,甲醇对化合物1中1,3,2-二氧磷杂环戊烷中的磷原子的亲核进攻,生成O-甲基-O-羟乙基-O-(2-邻苯二甲酰亚氨基)乙基硫代磷酸酯3,但是在此条件下,甲醇与化合物2不反应.在室温下,以异丙醇作溶剂,苯硒酚与化合物2不反应.在氢氧化钾存在下,以异丙醇/水作溶剂(体积比20∶1),在室温下,硒酚可以有效地进攻中化合物2中1,3,2-二氧磷杂环戊烷中的碳原子生成相应的开环产物.按照这一反应条件,顺利实现了硒酚对N1-(2-呋喃基)-N3-羟烷基-5-氟脲嘧啶硫代环甘油磷脂缀合物的亲核开环,生成甘油骨架的端碳原子上带有芳硒基新颖的磷脂核苷缀合物.对开环反应的机理进行了探讨.体外细胞毒性试验结果表明:产物对膀胱癌细胞T-24、胃癌细胞BGC-823的恶性增殖抑制效果优于替加氟;但对正常肝上皮细胞毒性也大于替加氟.