BACKGROUND Parathyroid carcinoma(PC)is a rare,slow-growing malignant tumor and a rare cause of primary hyperfunctioning of the parathyroid,with a highly variable clinical course,depending on the aggressiveness of the ...BACKGROUND Parathyroid carcinoma(PC)is a rare,slow-growing malignant tumor and a rare cause of primary hyperfunctioning of the parathyroid,with a highly variable clinical course,depending on the aggressiveness of the individual tumor and the degree of hypercalcemia.CASE SUMMARY The aim of this report is to summarize the diagnosis and treatment of three cases of PC and to review and conclude aspects regarding the three collected cases with reference to other relevant cases to explore the value of ultrasound in the diagnosis of PC.All three patients had hypercalcemia,consisting of a high serum calcium level and a high level of parathyroid hormone that was>2-fold(even>30-fold)of the normal upper limit.The ultrasonographic findings of the parathyroid gland showed that the glands were all>30 mm,and the internal echo was uneven.All patients underwent surgery.PC in three cases was confirmed by routine histopathology and immunohistochemistry.CONCLUSION As clinical signs and laboratory results are nonspecific,it is difficult to diagnose PC preoperatively,so imaging examinations are often needed.展开更多
Polycythemis vera is a chronical disease of medullary hematopoietic hyperfunction with unknown cause. The abnormal increase in erythrocyte numbers in the blood thickens the blood viscos-ity which is one of the importa...Polycythemis vera is a chronical disease of medullary hematopoietic hyperfunction with unknown cause. The abnormal increase in erythrocyte numbers in the blood thickens the blood viscos-ity which is one of the important factors obstructing blood flow. The indications in patients are de-cease in blood flow volume in the tissues and blood vessels, ischemia and hypoxia. This paper deals with the therapy of "promoting blood circulation by removing bloos stasis" for polycythmia vera and achievements obtained.展开更多
Radiation therapy is a standard treatment for head and neck tumors.However,patients often exhibit cognitive impairments following radiation therapy.Previous studies have revealed that hippocampal dysfunction,specifica...Radiation therapy is a standard treatment for head and neck tumors.However,patients often exhibit cognitive impairments following radiation therapy.Previous studies have revealed that hippocampal dysfunction,specifically abnormal hippocampal neurogenesis or neuroinflammation,plays a key role in radiation-induced cognitive impairment.However,the long-term effects of radiation with respect to the electrophysiological adaptation of hippocampal neurons remain poorly characterized.We found that mice exhibited cognitive impairment 3 months after undergoing 10 minutes of cranial irradiation at a dose rate of 3 Gy/min.Furthermore,we observed a remarkable reduction in spike firing and excitatory synaptic input,as well as greatly enhanced inhibitory inputs,in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons.Corresponding to the electrophysiological adaptation,we found reduced expression of synaptic plasticity marker VGLUT1 and increased expression of VGAT.Furthermore,in irradiated mice,long-term potentiation in the hippocampus was weakened and GluR1 expression was inhibited.These findings suggest that radiation can impair intrinsic excitability and synaptic plasticity in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons.展开更多
It is well known that with increasing age,the risk of acquiring certain age-related diseases e such as diabetes,cancer,cardiovascular disease and neurodegenerative diseases,increases.Several theories have been propose...It is well known that with increasing age,the risk of acquiring certain age-related diseases e such as diabetes,cancer,cardiovascular disease and neurodegenerative diseases,increases.Several theories have been proposed to explain the reason why ageing leads to higher susceptibility to disease.Over time,many of these theories have been proven wrong.Currently,the two theories holding the interest of researchers in this field are the oxidative damage theory and hyperfunction theory of ageing.The former is an old theory which explains that ageing is as a result of oxidative damage(to macromolecular components of the cell)by reactive oxygen species produced as a normal part of metabolism.The hyperfunction theory is a much newer theory which explains that ageing is as a result of the unnecessary and unwanted continuation of certain metabolic processes at old age.In this review,we discuss the mechanisms which underlie the development of age-related cancer.We also discuss the aforementioned theories of ageing.We conclude by explaining the opposing views of proponents of both theories and provide a new viewpoint by revealing a point of synergy in the two theories.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Parathyroid carcinoma(PC)is a rare,slow-growing malignant tumor and a rare cause of primary hyperfunctioning of the parathyroid,with a highly variable clinical course,depending on the aggressiveness of the individual tumor and the degree of hypercalcemia.CASE SUMMARY The aim of this report is to summarize the diagnosis and treatment of three cases of PC and to review and conclude aspects regarding the three collected cases with reference to other relevant cases to explore the value of ultrasound in the diagnosis of PC.All three patients had hypercalcemia,consisting of a high serum calcium level and a high level of parathyroid hormone that was>2-fold(even>30-fold)of the normal upper limit.The ultrasonographic findings of the parathyroid gland showed that the glands were all>30 mm,and the internal echo was uneven.All patients underwent surgery.PC in three cases was confirmed by routine histopathology and immunohistochemistry.CONCLUSION As clinical signs and laboratory results are nonspecific,it is difficult to diagnose PC preoperatively,so imaging examinations are often needed.
文摘Polycythemis vera is a chronical disease of medullary hematopoietic hyperfunction with unknown cause. The abnormal increase in erythrocyte numbers in the blood thickens the blood viscos-ity which is one of the important factors obstructing blood flow. The indications in patients are de-cease in blood flow volume in the tissues and blood vessels, ischemia and hypoxia. This paper deals with the therapy of "promoting blood circulation by removing bloos stasis" for polycythmia vera and achievements obtained.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81925031(to YT),81820108026(to YT),81972967(to WJL),81872549(to YL)the Youth Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81801229(to YTX)+3 种基金a grant from Guangdong Science and Technology Department of China,Nos.2020B1212060018(to WJL),2020B1212030004(to WJL)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,No.2019A1515011754(to WJL)the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou of China,No.202007030001(to YT)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou of China,No.201704030033(to YL).
文摘Radiation therapy is a standard treatment for head and neck tumors.However,patients often exhibit cognitive impairments following radiation therapy.Previous studies have revealed that hippocampal dysfunction,specifically abnormal hippocampal neurogenesis or neuroinflammation,plays a key role in radiation-induced cognitive impairment.However,the long-term effects of radiation with respect to the electrophysiological adaptation of hippocampal neurons remain poorly characterized.We found that mice exhibited cognitive impairment 3 months after undergoing 10 minutes of cranial irradiation at a dose rate of 3 Gy/min.Furthermore,we observed a remarkable reduction in spike firing and excitatory synaptic input,as well as greatly enhanced inhibitory inputs,in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons.Corresponding to the electrophysiological adaptation,we found reduced expression of synaptic plasticity marker VGLUT1 and increased expression of VGAT.Furthermore,in irradiated mice,long-term potentiation in the hippocampus was weakened and GluR1 expression was inhibited.These findings suggest that radiation can impair intrinsic excitability and synaptic plasticity in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons.
文摘It is well known that with increasing age,the risk of acquiring certain age-related diseases e such as diabetes,cancer,cardiovascular disease and neurodegenerative diseases,increases.Several theories have been proposed to explain the reason why ageing leads to higher susceptibility to disease.Over time,many of these theories have been proven wrong.Currently,the two theories holding the interest of researchers in this field are the oxidative damage theory and hyperfunction theory of ageing.The former is an old theory which explains that ageing is as a result of oxidative damage(to macromolecular components of the cell)by reactive oxygen species produced as a normal part of metabolism.The hyperfunction theory is a much newer theory which explains that ageing is as a result of the unnecessary and unwanted continuation of certain metabolic processes at old age.In this review,we discuss the mechanisms which underlie the development of age-related cancer.We also discuss the aforementioned theories of ageing.We conclude by explaining the opposing views of proponents of both theories and provide a new viewpoint by revealing a point of synergy in the two theories.
