Influence of hypocalcemia on the prognosis of patients with multiple trauma

BACKGROUND Hypocalcemia is highly common in hospitalized patients,especially in those with trauma,On the other hand,abnormal calcium metabolism is an important metabolic challenge;however,it is often neglected and untreated,and certain factors may induce serious neurological and cardiovascular complications.AIM To retrospectively analyze the impact of hypocalcemia on the prognosis of patients with multiple traumas.METHODS The study was conducted from January 2020 to December 2021.Ninety-nine patients with multiple injuries were treated at the critical care medicine department of Fuyang People’s Hospital.The selected indicators included sex,age,and blood calcium and hematocrit levels.Many indicators were observed,including within 24 h of hospitalization,and the prognosis was collected after 28 d.Based on the blood calcium levels,the patients were divided into the following two groups:Normocalcemia and hypocalcemia.Of the 99 patients included,81 had normocalcemia,and 18 had hypocalcemia.Separate experiments were conducted for these two groups.RESULTS There was an association between serum calcium levels and the prognosis of patients with polytrauma.CONCLUSION Clinically,the prognosis of patients with multiple traumas can be preliminarily evaluated based on serum calcium levels.

Incidence and predictors of hypocalcemia in end-stage renal disease patients on denosumab therapy: A systematic review and metaanalysis

BACKGROUND Denosumab inhibits the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-ligand.It markedly increases bone mineral density and has been proven to reduce the risk of fractures.However,numerous adverse effects,notably hypocalcemia,are prevalent in patients with end-stage renal disease(ESRD).AIM To analyze the incidence and predictors of hypocalcemia caused by denosumab compared to control in patients with ESRD.METHODS We conducted this study in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines.PubMed,Scopus,Cochrane Central,and EMBASE were systematically searched from inception through March 2024.All original studies investigating the effects of denosumab on patients with ESRD compared to control were extracted.The primary outcomes of our study were the incidence of mild,severe,and very severe hypocalcemia.Secondary outcomes included serum levels of intact parathyroid hormone,calcium,and phosphate.The results were pooled and analyzed using a random-effects model.RESULTS Seven articles comprising 3240 patients were included in our study.Patients treated with denosumab had a significantly increased incidence of mild hypocalcemia[risk ratio(RR):2.79;95%confidence interval(CI):0.99-7.91;P=0.05;I^(2)=37%]and of very severe hypocalcemia(RR:9.58;95%CI:1.58-57.98;P=0.01;I^(2)=49%).However,an increase in the occurrence of severe hypocalcemia was non-significant(RR:4.23;95%CI:0.47-38.34;P=0.20;I^(2)=96%).Alternatively,denosumab showed a significant decrease in serum intact parathyroid hormone[mean difference(MD):-433.20,95%CI:-775.12 to-91.28,I2=98%,P=0.01],while there was a non-significant decrease in phosphate(MD:-0.47,95%CI:-1.35 to 0.41,I^(2)=88%,P=0.30)and calcium levels(MD:-0.33,95%CI:-0.95 to 0.29,I^(2)=94%,P=0.29).CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that denosumab is significantly associated with mild and very severe hypocalcemia in patients with ESRD making it necessary to detect and prevent this side effect of treatment.

Effect of calcium supplementation on severe hypocalcemia in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism after total parathyroidectomy

BACKGROUND Severe hypocalcemia(SH)is a dreaded complication of total parathyroidectomy(TPTX)without auto-transplantation.AIM To compare conventional and preventive calcium supplementation(CS)regimens in terms of SH occurrence after TPTX.METHODS This retrospective study included patients who underwent TPTX between January 2015 and May 2018 at the China-Japan Friendship Hospital.From January 2015 to May 2016,conventional CS was performed in patients who underwent TPTX,with calcium amounts adjusted according to postoperative serum calcium levels.From October 2016 to May 2018,preventive CS was performed according to preoperative alkaline phosphatase(ALP)levels.The patients were defined as lowrisk(ALP<500 U/L)and high-risk(ALP>500 U/L)for SH.All preoperative blood samples were collected in the fasting state on the day before surgery.Postoperative blood samples were obtained at 6-7 AM from the first postoperative day.RESULTS A total of 271 patients were included.These patients were 47.7±11.1 years old,and 57.6%were male.Their mean body mass index(BMI)was 22.9±3.8 kg/m^(2).There were no significant differences in sex,age,BMI,preoperative ALP,serum calcium,serum phosphorus,calcium-phosphorus ratio,and intact parathyroid hormone(iPTH)between the two CS groups.Compared with conventional CS,preventive CS led to lower occurrence rates of hypocalcemia within 48 h(46.0%vs 74.5%,P<0.001)and SH(31.7%vs 64.1%,P<0.001).Multivariable analysis showed that preoperative iPTH levelsodds ratio(OR)=1.001,95%confidence interval(CI:1.000-1.001,P=0.009),preoperative ALP amounts(OR=1.002,95%CI:1.001-1.003,P=0.002),preoperative serum phosphorus levels(OR=8.729,95%CI:1.518-50.216,P=0.015)and preventive CS(OR=0.132,95%CI:0.067-0.261,P<0.001)were independently associated with SH.In patients with preoperative ALP≥500 U/L,only preventive CS(OR=0.147,95%CI:0.038-0.562.P=0.005)was independently associated with SH.CONCLUSION This study suggests that preventive CS could reduce the occurrence of SH,indicating its critical value for hypocalcemia after TPTX.

Hypomagnesemia with Secondary Hypocalcemia Linked to a Novel TRPM6 Gene Mutation

Hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia (HSH) is a rare inherited disorder, characterized by extremely low levels of serum magesium associated with symptomatic hypocalcemia. HSH manifests in the new born period with neurological symptoms, including generalized seizures, which are refractory to anticonvulsant treatment. In this disorder, the basic abnormality is the defective intestinal absorption of magnesium. Mutations in TRPM6, the gene encoding the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily member 6 have been found to be responsible for this disease. We report on a four-month-old Tunisian girl who presented with convulsions. Laboratory evaluation yielded extremely low serum magnesium levels, low calcium levels, and abnormal PTH levels. The diagnosis of HSH was confirmed by mutation analysis which identified the novel mutation c.1307A >G in exon 11 of TRPM6 (Lys436Arg). Our patient was homozygous for this mutation. Prenatal diagnosis was done during second pregnancy. DNA from trophoblast biopsy showed the same mutation as the proband.

Refractory hypocalcemia precipitated by dual infection with typhoid fever and hepatitis A in a patient with congenital hypoparathyroidism

We present this rare occurrence of a 17 yr old boy,a known case of congenital hypoparathyroidism, who presented with fever and jaundice for 8 days and 2 episodes of generalised tonic-clonic seizures.Premorbidly patient was on regular oral calcium supplementations with normal serum calcium levels.Investigations revealed severe hypocalcaemia(3.2 mg/dL),low 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels and hypomagnesacmia.The marked elevation of serum bilirubin was accompanied by derangement of liver enzymes.Microbiological investigations were confirmatory for both hepatitis A and typhoid fever.In spite of the aggressive management with intravenous calcium gluconate infusion,refractory hypocalcaemia persisted with recovery only after gradual decline in the bilirubin levels.We inferred that the cholestatic process produced by both acute viral hepatitis A and typhoid fever precipitated this state of refractory hypocalcaemia in the previously well preserved patient.

血钙对急诊科脓毒症患者预后的相关性研究

目的:探讨血钙在评估脓毒症患者死亡风险中的预测价值。方法:本研究采用回顾性观察的研究方法,收集了2021年1月至2022年3月期间在我院急诊科抢救室治疗的229例脓毒症患者的基本信息和实验室数据,并对其进行分析。结果:在纳入的患者中,死亡组62例,生存组167例。死亡组的年龄、心率、APACHEⅡ评分、白细胞计数、中性粒细胞绝对值、CRP、降钙素、尿素氮、基础疾病脑血管病的发病率高于存活组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);死亡组血清总钙、离子钙、白蛋白、淋巴细胞绝对值、收缩压、舒张压、血红蛋白、红细胞压积、基础疾病慢性阻塞性肺疾病的发病率低于存活组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。多因素回归分析显示,离子钙、APACHEⅡ评分、白蛋白是影响脓毒症患者预后的危险因素。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下的面积分别为离子钙(0.722),APACHEⅡ评分(0.807)、白蛋白(0.751),对脓毒症患者预后的预测作用较好;离子钙联合APACHEⅡ评分预测的AUC值为0.843,其联合预测效果优于单独应用离子钙、白蛋白、APACHEⅡ评分的预测价值(P<0.001)。离子钙联合APACHEⅡ评分预测的敏感性为0.726,特异性为0.862。结论:离子钙是影响脓毒症患者预后的独立危险因素,对脓毒症患者死亡结局具有中等预测能力。离子钙联合APACHEⅡ评分预测效果更好。

热消融治疗继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症术后严重低钙血症的危险因素

目的 探讨超声引导下热消融治疗继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症术后严重低钙血症的危险因素。资料与方法 采用回顾性病例对照研究,选取2019年5月—2023年5月玉林市第一人民医院91例尿毒症合并继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症患者,均行超声引导下热消融术,根据术后血钙水平,分为严重低钙血症组与非严重低钙血症组。比较两组临床资料差异,采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨严重低钙血症的独立危险因素。结果 91例患者中,实施微波消融49例,射频消融42例,共消融317个腺体,术后发生严重低钙血症57例(62.64%)。两组术前全段甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)、iPTH 1 d下降率、术前血清碱性磷酸酶、甲状旁腺腺体≥4个比例和腺体总体积差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。对iPTH 1 d下降率使用受试者工作特征曲线分析获取最佳截点为74.59%,曲线下面积为0.866(95%CI 0.787~0.945,P<0.05),敏感度为84.2%,特异度为78.1%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示术前血清碱性磷酸酶(OR=1.015,95%CI 1.005~1.025,P=0.030)、iPTH 1 d下降率≥74.59%(OR=30.423,95%CI 5.938~155.858,P<0.001)、甲状旁腺腺体≥4个(OR=4.355,95%CI 1.027~18.469,P=0.046)是术后发生严重低钙血症的独立危险因素。结论 术前血清碱性磷酸酶、iPTH 1 d下降率≥74.59%、甲状旁腺腺体≥4个是热消融术后发生严重低钙血症的独立危险因素。

In-hospital new-onset seizures in patients admitted to the medical intensive care unit:An observational study and algorithmic approach

BACKGROUND Seizures are one of the most common neurological complications encountered in the intensive care unit(ICU).They can occur in the background of exacerbation of a known neurological disease or secondary to non-neurological conditions such as sepsis and metabolic disturbances.However,there is a paucity of literature on the incidence and pattern of new-onset seizures in ICUs.AIM To study the incidence and patterns of new-onset seizures in patients admitted to the medical ICU.METHODS This was a prospective,multicenter,observational study performed in two tertiary care centers in Hyderabad,India over a period of 1 year.Patients upon ICU admission,who developed new-onset generalized tonic clonic seizures(GTCS),were enrolled.Those with a pre-existing seizure disorder,acute cerebrovascular accident,head injury,known structural brain lesions,or chronic liver disease were excluded as they have a higher likelihood of developing seizures.All enrolled patients were subjected to biochemical routines,radiological imaging of either computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging,and other relevant laboratory tests as per clinical suspicion according to the protocol,and their data were recorded.Statistical analyses were conducted using descriptive statistics,χ2 tests,and linear regression.RESULTS A total of 61 of 2522 patients developed GTCS.Among all etiologies of seizures,metabolic causes were most frequent(35%)followed by infective causes(27%)and others(new-onset structural,drug withdrawal,druginduced,toxicology-related,and miscellaneous factors).Logistic regression analysis showed that increased sodium and calcium levels were associated with a lower likelihood of developing seizures.CONCLUSION This study identified the etiology of new-onset seizures developing in critically ill patients admitted to the ICU.These findings highlight the need for targeted monitoring of those at risk of developing seizures.

集约化高产奶牛低钙血症及其影响因素调查

回顾性调查新疆昌吉地区某集约化规模化高产奶牛养殖场低钙血症的发病率及其影响因素。通过现场调查收集养殖场的兽医诊疗记录,统计奶牛低钙血症的全年发病率,计算胎次发病率,比较健康奶牛和低钙血症奶牛的泌乳量、输精次数、初配天数、运动量的差异性,对胎次发病率与前述因素进行相关性分析。结果显示,该养殖场2021年低钙血症的年发病率为9.94%;该病的全年发病率在秋季9月和10月最低,分别为5.52%和5.48%,冬季1月和2月最高,分别为17.70%和22.02%。低钙血症的发病率随着奶牛胎次的增加而升高。低钙血症组当前胎次的总泌乳量、泌乳天数、日平均泌乳量均极显著低于健康组(P<0.01);低钙血症组当前胎次的总运动量与日平均运动量均极显著低于健康组(P<0.01);低钙血症组的输精次数与初配天数极显著高于健康组(P<0.01)。当前胎次的总泌乳量、泌乳天数、日平均泌乳量、总运动量、日平均运动量均与低钙血症的胎次发病率呈极显著负相关。综上所述,低钙血症对高产奶牛的泌乳性能、运动量、配种都有负面影响。该养殖场低钙血症发病率较高,未来应重点关注产后泌乳量和运动量下降的高胎次奶牛,该群体患低钙血症的风险更高,同时也要做好冬季的饲养管理工作,减少养殖场的经济损失。

假性甲状旁腺功能减退症Ⅰb型合并亚临床甲状腺功能减退症1例报告及文献复习

目的 报道1例临床诊断为假性甲状旁腺功能减退症(PHP)Ⅰb型合并亚临床甲状腺功能减退症病人临床资料,利用基因检测明确诊断并进行文献复习。方法 分析安徽医科大学第一附属医院内分泌科于2022年3月31日收治的1例以反复双下肢搐搦、乏力为主诉病人的临床特征、实验室辅助检查结果并完善基因全外显子组测序(whole-exome sequencing,WES)。检索国内外假性甲状旁腺功能减退症Ⅰb型合并亚临床甲状腺功能减退症相关文献并总结其临床特点及基因突变类型。结果病人临床表现以反复双下肢搐搦及乏力为特征,实验室检查结果提示低血钙、高血磷、高甲状旁腺激素及高促甲状腺激素,全外显子基因测序结果表明GNAS复合体基因上游220 kb处突出融合蛋白16(STX16)基因exon5-6杂合缺失及GNAS A/B甲基化异常,结合该病人的临床资料及基因检测结果诊断为假性甲状旁腺功能减退症Ⅰb型合并亚临床甲状腺功能减退症。结论 对临床无法解释的复发性重度低钙血症病例应考虑罕见病PHP可能,而PHP合并亚临床甲状腺功能减退时因两者潜在关联性应及早对病人及家属进行基因检测以明确诊断并个性化治疗。

微波消融治疗继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症后早期低钙血症的影响因素

目的观察微波消融(MWA)治疗继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症(SHPT)后早期低钙血症的影响因素。方法回顾性分析82例接受MWA治疗的SHPT患者,根据MWA后早期有无低钙血症将其分为低钙组(n=36)与非低钙组(n=46)。比较组间患者年龄、性别、体质量指数(BMI)、透析方式、透析时间、病灶数目,以及基线血钙、血磷、全段甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、血红蛋白、白蛋白、肌酐、尿素、25-羟维生素D_(3);行logistic分析,筛选MWA后早期低钙血症的影响因素。结果组间透析方式、病灶数目、血钙、iPTH及ALP差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。单因素及多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,病灶数目、iPTH及ALP为MWA治疗SHPT后早期低钙血症的独立影响因素(P均<0.05)。结论病灶数目、iPTH及ALP为MWA治疗SHPT后早期低钙血症的影响因素。

新型补钙剂对奶牛产后低血钙症和酮病的防治作用

本试验旨在研究新型补钙剂对奶牛产后低血钙症和酮病的防治作用。选取60头健康经产的荷斯坦围产期奶牛,随机分为2组,每组30头牛,其中2胎和3胎及3胎以上胎次奶牛各15头。试验组奶牛产犊时投服新型补钙剂,对照组奶牛投服常用补钙剂;2胎奶牛产犊时投服1管/头,3胎及3胎以上胎次奶牛产犊后12 h再投服1管/头。投服补钙剂后1、4、8 h采集尾根静脉血样,3胎及3胎以上胎次奶牛在投服补钙剂后12、16、20 h继续采集尾根静脉血样。测定血液矿物元素含量、血气指标、血液生化指标,并记录产后7 d内的平均产奶量和产后21 d内代谢性疾病发生率。结果表明:1)投服2种补钙剂后,所有奶牛产后1~8 h血液离子钙(iCa)含量均呈上升趋势,其中试验组3胎及3胎以上胎次奶牛产后8~20 h时血液iCa含量显著高于产后1 h(P<0.05)。试验组所有奶牛产后8 h血液镁离子(Mg^(2+))含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。2)对照组2胎奶牛产后8 h血液剩余碱(BE)含量显著高于试验组(P<0.05)。试验组3胎及3胎以上胎次奶牛产后8~20 h血液碳酸氢根(HCO-3)含量显著高于产后1 h(P<0.05),对照组产后4、8和20 h血液HCO-3含量显著高于产后1 h(P<0.05)。3)对照组2胎奶牛血液非酯化脂肪酸(NEFA)含量随时间增加显著降低(P<0.05),2组3胎及3胎以上胎次奶牛产后4~20 h血液NEFA含量显著高于产后1 h(P<0.05)。试验组2胎奶牛产后1、4和8 h血液谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)活性显著低于对照组(P<0.05),试验组3胎及3胎以上胎次奶牛产后4~20 h血液GGT活性显著低于产后1 h(P<0.05)。4)试验组2胎牛平均产奶量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验组奶牛产后酮病发病率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。综上所述,不同胎次奶牛投服新型补钙剂有利于产后低血钙症和酮病的预防,降低奶牛产后酮病发病率,减少产犊应激对奶牛生产性能的影响。

局部枸橼酸钠抗凝在单重血浆置换中的应用及安全性分析

目的探讨局部4%枸橼酸钠注射液在单重血浆置换抗凝中的应用,并评估该方法的安全性。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2022年6月单重血浆置换的患者52例,根据抗凝方式分为枸橼酸组和低分子肝素组,共进行血浆置换144次。枸橼酸组抗凝方案:4%枸橼酸从膜型血浆分离器前输注,根据置换液成分进行调整,置换血浆时,枸橼酸钠流量为120 mL/h;置换白蛋白稀释液、林格注射液时,枸橼酸流量调整为140 mL/h。5%葡萄糖酸钙采用微泵外周静脉输注,根据输注总量和血浆置换时间全程匀速输注。低分子肝素组抗凝方案:根据患者体质量,在治疗前20~30 min一次性静脉注射60~80 IU/kg,治疗期间不另追加。观察两组患者行血浆置换治疗时抗凝效果及不良反应发生情况。结果枸橼酸组共进行血浆置换44次,未发生抗凝失败;低分子肝素组共进行血浆置换100次,发生5次抗凝失败,两组患者未发生明显出血、低钙血症、肌肉痉挛等并发症。枸橼酸组发生滤器血凝级别2~3级、动脉壶血凝块、静脉壶血凝块比例低于低分子肝素组(P<0.05)。枸橼酸抗凝前后比较,离子钙变化差异有统计学意义(P=0.002)。结论局部枸橼酸钠抗凝方案在血浆置换治疗中简单易行,相对传统低分子肝素,其抗凝效果更加理想、应用范围更广,且安全有效。

TRPM6基因复合杂合突变致原发性低镁血症继发低钙血症合并显著肌酸激酶升高1例并文献复习

目的探讨TRPM6基因复合杂合突变致原发性低镁血症继发低钙血症(HSH)合并显著肌酸激酶升高患儿的临床特征及治疗效果。方法回顾性分析潍坊市妇幼保健院2022年经全外显子测序基因检测确诊的1例TRPM6基因复合杂合突变致HSH合并显著肌酸激酶升高患儿的临床资料及治疗效果。结果患儿全外显子测序基因检测显示存在TRPM6基因的复合杂合突变,家系验证结果显示,该突变分别来自父母双方,父母双方均为杂合突变,但位于同一染色体的不同等位基因,其中父亲chr9:77377010存在c.4577G>A杂合突变,母亲chr9:77407555存在c.2523G>C杂合突变,两个位点的突变在千人基因组、ExAC和gnomAD外显子数据库中均未见收录。患儿入院后经过补镁、纠正电解质紊乱等对症治疗,随访1年内未再抽搐,血镁仍维持在正常低线,其余异常结果均处于正常范围。结论基因检测为确诊HSH的金标准,致HSH的TRPM6基因复合杂合突变属于常染色体隐性遗传,补镁等对症治疗对TRPM6基因突变致HSH的治疗效果显著。

吉特曼综合征合并低钙血症1例报道

吉特曼综合征(gitelman syndrome,GS)又称家族性低钾-低镁血症,大多数GS病例与位于16q13染色体上的SLC12A3基因的双等位基因失活突变有关,该染色体编码位于远曲小管顶膜的噻嗪敏感氯化钠共转运体,少部分是由编码氯通道CLCNKB基因突变所致[1]。GS临床表现隐匿,与巴特综合征(bartter syndrome,BS)临床表现极为相似,临床难以区分[2]。

慢性肾脏病患者使用地舒单抗致严重低钙血症1例

1例43岁女性慢性肾脏病5期患者,因骨质疏松症给予地舒单抗60 mg皮下注射1次,用药前血钙2.25 mmol·L^(-1),用药13 d后出现四肢、口角麻木及肌肉痉挛,血钙降至1.12 mmol·L^(-1),心电图示Q-T间期延长。经静脉联合口服钙剂和活性维生素D治疗后症状缓解,血钙升至2.23 mmol·L^(-1)。出院后继续口服药物补钙,随诊半年发现患者仍反复出现低钙血症。采用Naranjo's评估量表进行关联性评价,考虑严重且顽固的低钙血症与使用地舒单抗“很可能有关”。提示应警惕慢性肾脏病患者使用地舒单抗后发生低钙血症的风险,加强用药前评估和用药后监测,保障患者用药安全。

Treatment of hypocalcemia caused by hypoparathyroidism or pseudohypoparathyroidism with domestic-made calcitrioh a prospective and self-controlled clinical trial

Background Parathyroid hormone deficiency or resistance may cause hypocalcemia with related symptoms and signs. Lifelong treatment of calcium combined with vitamin D or its metabolites is always necessary for these patients. Here we reported a prospective and open-label trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of domestic-made calcitriol in treatment of hypocalcemia caused by hypoparathyroidism or pseudohypoparathyroidism. Methods Twenty-four patients with confirmed hypoparathyroidism or pseudohypoparathyroidism aged （36.5±11.0） years old were studied. Among them, 16 patients had idiopathic hypoparathyroidism, 2 had pseudohypoparathyroidism and 6 had hypoparathyroidism secondary to cervical surgery. Serum calcium levels were lower than 1.88 mmol/L. Oral calcitriol was administered twice or three times with elemental calcium 1.2 g per day. All patients were followed every 4 weeks throughout the 12-week period. Dose adjustments of calcitriol were based on serum and urinary calcium levels and symptoms of hypocalcemia. Results Twenty patients were included by the end of this study. Muscular weakness, cramps, extremity paresthesia, Chovestek＇s sign and Trousseau＇s sign were relieved in 76.9%, 100%, 94.4%, 93.3% and 78.9% of patients, respectively. Serum calcium, plasma ionized calcium and serum phosphorus levels were （1.54±0.25） mmol/L, （0.64±0.10） mmol/L and （2.00±0,46） mmol/L at baseline, and reached （2.20±0.20） mmol/L, （0.95±0.06） mmol/L and （1.68±0.25） mmol/L （P 〈0.01） at the 12th week of treatment, respectively. Eighty percent of patients were assessed as effective and 20% as partly effective. Three, four and eight patients had hypercalciuria at the 4th, 8th and 12th week of treatment, respectively, which were reduced by thiazide diuretics. The final dose of calcitriol was （1.09±0.50） ug/d. Conclusions Calcitriol combined with calcium can be used in treatment of hypocalcemia caused by hypoparathyroidism or pseudohypoparathyroidism effectively and safely. Serum and urinary calcium levels should be monitored during the course of the therapy.

围产期母畜低血钙症的钙代谢机制及对相关代谢疾病的影响

围产期母畜由于体内蛋白质、矿物质和能量代谢的急剧变化,容易导致钙的流失和平衡失调,进而引发母畜围产期低血钙症。临床和亚临床低血钙症不仅能够影响母畜的生产性能,还会影响围产期机体的营养代谢,进一步诱发母畜在围产期出现其他生理变化和疾病,如酮病、皱胃移位、难产、乳腺炎及子宫疾病等。因此,全面深入地研究围产期母畜低血钙症的钙代谢机制及其对相关代谢疾病的影响,对于保障围产期母畜的健康和提高生产性能具有重要意义。文章详述了围产期母畜低血钙症的病因和现状、钙代谢机制、综合防治措施以及与其他疾病之间的关联,为降低围产期母畜低血钙症发病率以及改善饲养管理提供参考。

慢性肾病继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症术后骨饥饿综合征^(99)Tc^(m)-MIBI骨摄取

目的分析慢性肾病继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症行甲状旁腺切除术后骨饥饿综合征(HBS)患者^(99)Tc^(m)-甲氧基异丁基异腈(MIBI)骨摄取情况,为临床诊疗提供参考。资料与方法回顾性分析2014年6月—2021年12月于南通大学附属江阴医院行甲状旁腺切除术的106例继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症的影像及临床资料,采用视觉评估分析甲状旁腺平面显像骨骼显像剂摄取情况,根据术后有无发生HBS分为HBS组和非HBS组。比较两组患者临床特征、实验室指标及^(99)Tc^(m)-MIBI骨摄取的差异。结果106例中,42例(39.62%)^(99)Tc^(m)-MIBI骨摄取阳性,多表现为弥漫性骨骼显像剂摄取,以胸骨、锁骨及肋骨多见。与非HBS组相比,HBS组的年龄较小(t=-3.058),碱性磷酸酶和甲状旁腺激素水平较高(Z=-5.148、-2.218),血清校正钙较低(Z=-2.102),^(99)Tc^(m)-MIBI骨摄取的阳性率及部位数较高[50%比28%,2(1,3)比1(1,1);χ^(2)=5.344,Z=-2.970],差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论慢性肾病继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症行甲状旁腺切除术后发生HBS患者的碱性磷酸酶和甲状旁腺激素水平更高,更易发生^(99)Tc^(m)-MIBI骨摄取。

重度子痫前期并发心功能不全的危险因素分析

目的探究重度子痫前期(severe preeclampsia,sPE)出现心功能不全相关的危险因素。方法选取2020年1月至2023年9月于温州市中心医院住院的sPE并发心功能不全的患者32例作为实验组,并随机选取同时期心功能正常的sPE患者75例作为对照组。比较两组患者的一般资料和实验室指标的差异,采用二元Logistic回归分析探讨sPE出现心功能不全的危险因素。结果实验组患者出现呼吸衰竭、血管内溶血-肝酶升高-低血小板、感染的例数高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组发生新生儿窒息、新生儿转重症监护的例数高于实验组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者的孕前体质量指数、孕期体质量增幅、血钙、白蛋白、血红蛋白、双胎、感染差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),二元Logistic回顾分析结果显示,孕前体质量指数增加、孕期体质量增幅≥20kg、低血钙、低白蛋白、中度贫血、孕期血压增加是sPE出现心功能不全的危险因素。结论孕期应积极控制血压、补钙、补铁、补充白蛋白、控制体质量;对sPE患者增加血钙、白蛋白、血红蛋白、血压相关指标监测的频率,积极控制血压、解痉、预防感染可减少sPE患者心功能不全的发生。