碱脱硅改性的HZSM-5分子筛催化裂解小球藻的研究

用NaOH水溶液对HZSM-5分子筛进行脱硅改性。通过XRD、N_2物理吸附、NH_3-TPD对脱硅前后的HZSM-5分子筛进行表征,并研究脱硅改性前后分子筛对小球藻催化裂解的影响规律。结果表明:在适宜的温度和相同的碱处理时间下,改变NaOH水溶液的浓度,能调节分子筛晶体中产生的介孔比例并改变分子筛酸性能;以0.3 mol/L NaOH溶液在80℃下处理2 h改性制备的HZSM-5分子筛催化剂,其表面酸量增加、酸强度降低,有利于反应;小球藻催化热解产物中的氧大部分以CO和CO_2的形式脱除,可有效降低生物油的含氧量;裂解液体产率和生物油热值分别为46.83%、32.851 MJ/kg,生物油中烃类物质总量达到40.34%(质量分数),羰基化合物和醇类物质明显减少。

甲醇存在时异丁硫醇在HZSM-5分子筛上的转化反应研究

在固定床微型反应器中,以异丁硫醇为研究对象,通过其在不同反应条件和稀土改性 HZSM-5分子筛中的一系列反应,探讨其催化转化反应及规律。在HZSM-5及改性催化剂催化条件下, 异丁硫醇在较低温度250℃下就可以有较高的转化率(70％),当温度达到350℃时,异丁硫醇完全转化,生成产物主要为硫化氢;稀土镧负载量对其转化率有较大影响,w(La2O3)=1．0％时有较好的效果; 甲醇的加入对异丁硫醇的转化率有一定提高,甲醇与苯的体积比为0．2时对异丁硫醇转化较为有利,但其液相反应产物趋于复杂,选择性有所降低。

Secondary Crystallization of Na_2CO_3-Modified HZSM-5 Zeolites with Tetrapropylammonium Hydroxide and Their Catalytic Performance in Thiophene Alkylation Reaction

The Na2CO3-modified HZSM-5 zeolites were further treated by tetrapropylammonium hydroxide(TPAOH) solution. The effect of TPAOH concentration on the secondary crystallization process was investigated. The resulting samples were characterized by a complementary combination of X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption/desorption, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, XPS, 27 Al and 29 Si magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, BET and temperature-programmed desorption techniques. The results showed that the secondary crystallization of the HZSM-5 zeolite could result in migration of non-framework species from the internal channels to the zeolite surface and their transformation into framework species. The catalytic activity of these modified samples for thiophene alkylation was evaluated. Both the activity and stability of the catalysts were improved after secondary crystallization.

Effects of Colloidal Silica Binder on Catalytic Activity and Adhesion of HZSM-5 Coatings for Structured Reactors

HZSM-5 coating using three colloidal silica binders, acidic colloidal silica （ACS）, neutral colloidal silica （NCS） and basic colloidal silica （BCS）, was prepared to study the effect of hinders on their adhesion and catalytic activity. Scanning electron microscopy characterization indicated that the zeolite coating using BCS shows the smoothest surface with higher homogeneity and adherence strength. The specific surface area, relative crystallization and acid site strength of zeolites are also dependent on the binder used. Catalytic cracking of supercritical n- dodecane over the series of zeolite coating with various binders indicated that HZSM-5 coating with BCS exhibits the highest and the most stable catalytic activity compared with other kinds of binders, and also exhibits a stable catalytic activity ascribed to its proper acid property and microstructure.

Influence of the Alkali Treatment of HZSM-5 Zeolite on Catalytic Performance of PtSn-Based Catalyst for Propane Dehydrogenation

The porous material ATZ with micro-mesopore hierarchical porosity was prepared by alkali treatment of parent HZSM-5 zeolite and applied for propane dehydrogenation. The zeolite samples were characterized by XRD, N2- physisorption, and NH3-TPD analysis. The results showed that the alkali treatment can modify the physicochemical prop- erties of HZSM-5 zeolite. In this case, the porous material ATZ showed larger extemal surface area with less acid sites as compared to the HZSM-5 zeolite. It was found out that the alkali treatment of HZSM-5 zeolite could promote the catalytic performance of PtSn/ATZ catalyst. The possible reason was ascribed to the low acidity of ATZ. Furthermore, the presence of mesopores could reduce the carbon deposits on the metallic surface, which was also favorable for the dehydrogenation reaction.

Catalytic Dehydration of 4-Hydroxy-3-hexanone to 4-Hexen-3-one over HZSM-5 Zeolite

A study on catalytic dehydration of 4-hydroxy-3-hexanone （HH） to 4-hexen-3-one （HO） was carried out through conversion of HH over HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst in a fixed-bed reactor （FBR） operating under almospheric pressure. The test indicated a relatively high activity of the HZSM-5 zeolite capable of achieving a HH conversion of 99.2% and a HO yield of 83.5%. Catalyst deactivation could be prevented by increasing the reaction temperature by 10 ＂C for every 20 h and adding 2.0% of piperidine in the feed. A catalyst stability test （for 100 h） in FBR showed that the catalyst was active even after 100 h of time-on-stream with HH conversion remaining at 99.2% and HO yield still reaching over 83.5%. Regenera- tion experiment showed that the regenerated catalyst demonstrated a catalytic performance comparable to the fresh one.

烯烃在HZSM-5分子筛上原位芳构化反应的研究

The performance of olefin aromatization over HZSM-5 was investigated by pulse reaction and TPSR.The results indicated that the aromatization activity increased with the carbon number in olefins.The transformation of olefins into aromatics can be carried out either by the direct dehydrogenating/hydrogen-transfer of the intermediate cyclohexene,or by the formation of small olefins and dienes,followed by the re-assemblage of these fragments.The first step of the hydrogen transfer reactions during aromatization can occur at low temperatures,while the subsequent hydrogen transfer reactions required relatively high temperatures.

Synthesis of ZSM-5 with the silica source from industrial hexafluorosilicic acid as transalkylation catalyst

A new effective process to improve the utilization of industrial fluorosilicic acid of phosphate fertilizer by-product has been investigated to comprehensive application of the silicon and fluorine source. Two-step ammoniation was applied to recover high-quality silica. The recovered silica can be used to hydrothermal synthesize ZSM-5 zeolite without impurity phase contamination, which was confirmed by XRD, TG, SEM, BET and EDS characteristic techniques. It was found that with the increase of SiO_2/Al_2O_3 ratio and the extension of reaction time, the crystal type transform from the orthorhombic to the monoclinic phase. The impurity fluorine content of the recovered SiO_2 from H_2SiF_6 has great influence on the hydrothermal process for ZSM-5 crystal structure formation.Moreover, the increase of fluorine ions content in the hydrothermal process can control the crystal morphology and size of synthesized ZSM-5. Catalytic properties of synthesized HZSM-5 with different SiO_2/Al_2O_3 ratio in transalkylation of toluene and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene show good and stable catalytic performance. The ZSM-5 synthesized with recovered silica source exhibits similar catalyst life as the performance of small particle size HZSM-5, because the ZSM-5 synthesized with the silica source from industrial hexafluorosilicic acid prefers a thin disk crystal along the b axis direction, which shortens the diffusion distance of generated products.