Experimental study on thermal and mechanical properties of tailings-based cemented paste backfill with CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O/expanded vermiculite shape stabilized phase change materials

CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O/expanded vermiculite shape stabilized phase change materials(CEV)was prepared by atmospheric impregnation method.Using gold mine tailings as aggregate of cemented paste backfill(CPB)material,the CPB with CEV added was prepared,and the specific heat capacity,thermal conductivity,and uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)of CPB with different cement-tailing ratios and CEV addition ratios were tested,the influence of the above variables on the thermal and mechanical properties of CPB was analyzed.The results show that the maximum encapsulation capacity of expanded vermiculite for CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O is about 60%,and the melting and solidification enthalpies of CEV can reach 98.87 J/g and 97.56 J/g,respectively.For the CPB without CEV,the specific heat capacity,thermal conductivity,and UCS decrease with the decrease of cement-tailing ratio.For the CPB with CEV added,with the increase of CEV addition ratio,the specific heat capacity increases significantly,and the sensible heat storage capacity and latent heat storage capacity can be increased by at least 10.74%and 218.97%respectively after adding 12%CEV.However,the addition of CEV leads to the increase of pores,and the thermal conductivity and UCS both decrease with the increase of CEV addition.When cement-tailing ratio is 1:8 and 6%,9%,and 12%of CEV are added,the 28-days UCS of CPB is less than 1 MPa.Considering the heat storage capacity and cost price of backfill,the recommended proportion scheme of CPB material presents cement-tailing ratio of 1:6 and 12%CEV,and the most recommended heat storage/release temperature cycle range of CPB with added CEV is from 20 to 40℃.This work can provide theoretical basis for the utilization of heat storage backfill in green mines.

H_∞Loop Shaping Control for Plasma Vertical Position Instability on QUEST

QUEST has a divertor configuration with a high and a negative n-index, and the problem of plasma vertical position instability control in QUEST is still under extensive study for achieving high efficiency plasma. The instability we considered is that the toroidal plasma moves either up or down in the vacuum chamber until it meets the vessel wall and is extinguished. The actively controlled coils （HCU and HCL） outside the vacuum vessel are serially connected in feedback with a measurement of the plasma vertical position to provide stabilizing control. In this work, a robust controller is employed by using the loop synthesis method, and provides robust stability over a wide range of n-index. Moreover, the gain of the robust controller is lower than that of a typical proportional derivative （PD） controller in the operational frequency range; it indicates that the robust controller needs less power consumption than the PD controller does.

Robust control of isopropyl benzene production process using H_(∞) loop shaping control scheme

This paper discusses robust control strategy for isopropyl benzene production process using the method of loop shaping H_(∞) technology.This cumene production process is a part of phenol plant in HOCL,Kochi.H_(∞) control of the propylene concentration is done here.The H_(∞) controller is derived from the linearised model of the reactor.The optimal H_(∞) controller is obtained by simplifying two algebraic Riccati equations.The proposed PID-like H_(∞) controller provides a single tuning parameter which makes the controller design more accurate.The proposed controller has been compared with other robust controllers like H_(2) and LQR.The H_(∞) controller is found to be superior in a wide frequency range and has a feature of low distortion and good regulating performance.The reactor model has been developed in COMSOL Multiphysics with the parameters obtained from HOCL plant,Kochi.The model extracted is reduced using model order reduction for the controller design.

Transfigured Loop Shaping Controller and its Application to Underwater Vehicle

A kind of transfigured loop shaping controller is presented in this paper. A transfigured loop shaping system puts a controller K in a feedback loop, while putting the dc gain of the controller K on the reference signal line. It is shown through frequency domain analysis and simulation that a transfigured controller can improve the dynamic behavior of a system. The transfigured loop shaping controller method is simple and effective and corresponds to the mixed sensitivity method of robust control theory, which improves the behavior of a system by iterative tuning of weighting functions. Satisfactory control results are obtained when it is applied to the design of an underwater vehicle. Keywords Loop shaping controller - underwater vehicle - transfiguration Zhang Xianku graduated from Beijing Institute of Clothing Technology, China, in 1990. He received the M. S. degree from Dalian Maritime University (DMU), China, in 1993 and the Ph.D. degree from DMU, in 1998. He is currently a professor at the Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Navigation Systems, Dalian Maritime University. His research interests include ship motion control and robust control.Jin Yicheng graduated from Zhejiang University, China, in 1967. He is currently a professor at the Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Navigation Systems, Dalian Maritime University. His research interests include simulating system of ship steering and visual control.

Voltage Generation by Rotating an Arbitrary-Shaped Metal Loop around Arbitrary Axis in the Presence of an Axial Current Distribution

A thin metallic wire loop of arbitrary curvature is rotated with respect to an arbitrary axis of its plane. The device is excited by an electric dipole of infinite length and constant current. The resistance of the loop is computed rigorously as function of the position of the source. In this way, the induced voltage along the wire, under any kind of axial excitation, is given in the form of a superposition integral. The measured response is represented for various shapes of the coil, with respect to the time, the rotation angle and the position of the source. These diagrams lead to several technically applicable conclusions which are presented, discussed and justified.

Loop-Shaping Based Control for Switch Mode DC-DC Power Converters

Renewable energy sources require switching regulators as an interface to a load with high efficiency, small size, proper output regulation, and fast transient response. Moreover, due to the nonlinear behavior and switching nature of DC-DC power electronic converters, there is a need for high-performance control strategies. This work summarized the dynamic behavior for the three basic switch-mode DC-DC power converters operating in continuous conduction mode, i.e. buck, boost, and buck-boost. A controller was designed using loop-shaping based on current-mode control that consists of two feedback loops. A high-gain compensator with wide bandwidth was used in the inner current loop for fast transient response. A proportional-integral controller was used in the outer voltage loop for regulation purposes. A procedure was proposed for the parameters of the controller that ensures closed-loop stability and output voltage regulation. The design-oriented analysis was applied to the three basic switch-mode DC-DC power converters. Experimental results were obtained for a switching regulator with a boost converter of 150 W, which exhibits non-minimum phase behavior. The performance of the controller was tested for voltage regulation by applying large load changes.

Triple Notched Band Characteristics UWB Antenna Using C-Shaped Slots and Slot-Type Capacitively-Loaded Loop (CLL)

Ultra wide bands antennas with notched bands characteristics have recently been considered for efficient communication between devices. In this paper, a compact ultra-wideband antenna (UWB) for UWB applications with triple bandnotched characteristics is presented. The proposed antenna consists of a square patch with four truncated corners and a partial ground plane with a rectangular slit. The operation bandwidth of the designed antenna is from 2.66 GHz to more than 13.5 GHz. Band-notched characteristics of antenna to reject the frequency band of 3.18 - 3.59 GHz and 4.70 - 5.88 GHz, is realized by inserting two C-shaped slots in the patch, the third band of 9.54 - 12.22 GHz is achieved by slottype capacitively-loaded loop (CLL) inserted in the patch near the feed line. Details of the proposed antenna design and simulated results are presented and discussed.

基于非线性修饰和零阶保持器的船舶航向保持控制

[目的]为了解决船舶在海上航行时控制器舵角输出大、打舵频率高、控制速度较慢以及控制精度较低的问题,利用三阶闭环增益成形算法设计鲁棒控制器。[方法]首先,利用三阶闭环增益成形算法设计出线性鲁棒控制器,然后,在控制策略中加入双曲正切非线性修饰以及零阶保持器,在不同海况下对该控制器的性能进行仿真实验。[结果]仿真结果表明,相比于基于非线性修饰的传统PID控制器,在一般海况下,所提控制器在延迟时间、控制精度以及能量输出上分别改进了36%,14%和32%;在恶劣海况下,分别改进了27%,7%和16%。此外,不同海况下该控制器的仿真结果都具有稳定的舵角输出,并可以较快地稳定在临界值附近,证明了其具有较好的鲁棒性。[结论]改进的控制器符合工程实践,对于智能船舶的控制具有较好的应用参考价值。

尖牙反[牙合]矫治人字形和T形曲组合正畸弓丝矫治力建模

固定矫治技术是治疗牙齿反[牙合]最为有效的矫治手段,主要通过正畸弓丝释放的矫治力来达到反[牙合]矫治中的矫治空间预留、反[牙合]牙齿回收的目的。在牙齿反[牙合]畸形中,尖牙反[牙合]是最为常见的牙齿反[牙合]畸形,常使用人字形和T形组合曲关闭上颌牙列间隙。本文旨在正畸治疗前量化人字形和T形组合曲释放矫治力的情况,为正畸医师提供尖牙反[牙合]矫治的理论参考。分析人字形和T形组合曲的形变过程,将其形变过程分为弹性形变和弹塑性形变两类,并对两种形变下的矫治力微分方程进行了构建,将其释放的矫治力分为闭隙矫治力和倾覆矫治力两种,完成了人字形和T形组合曲理论模型的建立,其次对有限元仿真值与理论值的误差率进行计算,得到闭隙矫治力仿真值与理论值的误差率在0.43%~8.33%之间,倾覆矫治力的仿真值与理论值的误差率在2.13%~9.76%之间,搭建实验测量平台得到了闭隙矫治力实验值与理论值误差率为0%~9.30%、倾覆矫治力实验值与理论值的误差率为0%~9.76%,实验测量数据与理论值具有相同的非线性变化趋势,验证了人字形和T形组合曲理论预测模型的正确性,该模型能帮助医师在治疗前对正畸力进行详细的定量分析,从而为个性化治疗方案的制定提供依据,更好地满足患者需求。

典型工业过程的H_∞控制

利用环路成形Ｈ∞方法对典型工业过程进行Ｈ∞设计．设计表明，典型过程的Ｈ∞控制器可表示为常用控制结构形式（ 如ＰＩＤ＋ 滤波器） ，从而很容易在工程中实现．特别地，本文得到典型过程Ｈ∞控制器参数与过程常数的直接关系，因而实际中可直接使用它们得到Ｈ∞控制器而无需对每个典型过程进行Ｈ∞设计，从而方便过程控制器设计．仿真表明，本文所得Ｈ∞控制器对大时延对象有很好的控制效果。

一种简化的H_∞控制混合灵敏度算法

受到回路成形思想的启发 ,通过对H∞ 控制的S T混合灵敏度奇异值曲线的观察及基于S和T具有相关性的考虑给出一种简化的H∞ 控制混合灵敏度算法 .该算法避免了权函数的选择而对系统进行闭环增益成形 ,其核心是确定闭环系统传递函数即T的最终希望的形状 ,不加任何权函数 ,直接设计出K .由于T和S的相关性 ,T的形状确定 ,S 的形状也就确定了 。

倒立摆系统的一种H_∞优化控制

在运用H∞环路成形设计方法时权函数的选择一般是凭经验试凑,不能保证所得控制器综合指标最优;且控制器阶次较高,不便于工程实现和参数调整.鉴于以上问题,提出了基于遗传算法的权函数选取方法,在遗传算法的目标函数里加入对鲁棒性能和时域性能指标的约束,从而得到使控制器综合性能指标最优的权函数,避免了凭经验试凑权函数的盲目性;然后,给出一种用多变量PID控制器逼近此控制器的方法,使所得控制器便于实际运用.最后用此方法对小车倒立摆系统进行仿真,结果表明了该方法的有效性.

H_∞回路成形设计的鲁棒性

回路成形法设计中是用互质因子摄动来表示系统不确定性的.文中对这种互质因子摄动进行了较详尽的分析,指出系统中的弱阻尼模态会增大互质因子摄动的范数,因而降低了允许的摄动值,使系统实际上失去了鲁棒性.所以H∞回路成形设计并不一定像所期望的那样具有鲁棒性.文中并用一个参数摄动下的鲁棒性为例来进行说明.

H_∞鲁棒控制理论发展的十年回顾

回顾了状态空间Ｈ∞鲁棒控制理论十年的发展历史。首先介绍了Ｈ∞鲁棒控制理论的概念及实质，然后将其发展过程划分为４个阶段，给出了国际著名学者的重要成果年代文献表，并归纳出Ｈ∞鲁棒控制理论的特点，简介了小增益理论、回路成形及μ分析的主要内容。

机翼颤振的混合灵敏度H_∞鲁棒控制器设计

主动颤振抑制技术是未来弹性飞行器设计中的一项关键技术,越来越受到广泛的关注。但传统的LQG方法鲁棒性很差,限制了其实际应用。本文采用混合灵敏度H∞控制方法,并结合回路成型技术设计了机翼颤振抑制的鲁棒控制器。此方法直接针对回路的灵敏度函数和补灵敏度函数性质,根据颤振抑制系统期望的回路频域特性要求,通过选择合适的加权函数形状获得了满意的闭环系统性能,从而实现对颤振的鲁棒抑制。其特点是能够方便直观的获得系统所期望的频域性能,并具有良好的鲁棒性和抑噪能力,非常有利于工程实用。最后利用典型的二维机翼俯仰沉浮气动弹性系统模型,分别采用混合灵敏度H∞控制器和LQG控制器对机翼颤振进行抑制。仿真结果表明,本文所设计的控制器将颤振速度提高了12.2%,能够更加有效地抑制机翼颤振。

直升机H_∞回路成形全姿态控制器设计

根据内外回路思想结合鲁棒H∞回路成形方法,设计了直升机双回路飞行控制系统。内回路主要完成直升机的全姿态控制,包括滚转角、俯仰角和偏航角的同时控制;外回路在内回路的基础上实现了速度跟踪。所设计的控制系统基本实现了直升机各通道间的解耦,且具有良好的跟踪性能和鲁棒性能。最后,按照ADS-33E标准对飞行性能进行了评估,结果表明飞行品质达到了1级水平。

H_∞回路成形直升机双回路控制系统设计

根据直升机飞行控制系统的内外回路设计概念,利用H∞回路成形方法设计了直升机双回路控制系统。首先采用H∞回路成形方法设计姿态命令/姿态保持控制器,使得直升机内回路具有良好的带宽和响应时间,且保持通道的解耦和鲁棒性;采用H∞回路成形方法构建直升机的速度回路作为外回路,实现对直升机的前飞速度和横向速度的控制,保证速度通道上具有良好的跟踪性能和鲁棒性能。并按照ADS-33E对所设计的控制系统的操纵品质做出了评价。仿真结果显示了良好的控制效果,验证了该设计方法的有效性。

H_∞回路成形中的μ综合法

H∞控制理论中的回路成形设计和μ综合都已经是定型的设计方法.最近有文献提出一种将这两种设计方法结合起来处理弱阻尼谐振模态参数摄动的新方法.但是实际设计表明,二者的结合并没有达到预期的效果.本文分析指出,回路成形本质上是一种鲁棒稳定性设计,其H∞范数指标的逆就是系统的稳定裕度.而μ综合只是一种鲁棒性能的设计工具.μ综合与回路成形结合只是反映在稳定裕度上,而并不影响设计所允许的摄动大小.所以在回路成形设计中没有必要再加进μ综合法.文中附有算例.

挠性系统的控制设计和H_∞回路成形法

挠性系统的控制设计与具体的挠性特性是相关的,从控制角度将挠性系统划分为轴系传动机构、桁架结构和卫星太阳能帆板的薄板型结构3类.其中薄板型结构挠性系统的挠性特点明显,文中指出H∞回路成形法能有效解决薄板型结构挠性系统设计上的难点,即在幅频特性急剧下降的频段内保证系统的稳定性.一般H∞控制理论中,H∞范数是系统的性能指标.但H∞回路成形法中的H∞范数表示的则是闭环系统的稳定裕度.通过挠性系统的算例说明,H∞回路成形法并不是给定摄动范围下的设计问题,因此在鲁棒性设计这一概念上也不同于常规的H∞控制设计,有其自己的含义.

考虑广域信息时延影响的H_∞阻尼控制器

广域控制策略可以有效提高广域分布互联电力系统的动态性能,但是广域控制信号传输时延会对控制器产生负面影响,并且日趋复杂的系统结构及接近稳定极限的运行条件对控制器的鲁棒性能提出了更高的要求。该文在考虑信号传输时延的情况下建立了电力系统状态空间模型,并应用H∞回路成形及规范互质分解技术对上述模型进行了鲁棒镇定控制器设计。得到的控制器不仅具有很强的鲁棒性能,同时可使闭环系统容忍更大的时延。以时域仿真结果说明了所得控制器的性能及方法的有效性。