Effects of Fresh Cupressus sempervirens Leaves Infusion on Growth Performance, Intestinal Microbiota and Haemato-Biochemical Parameters in Broilers

The accumulation of growth-promoting antibiotic residues in animal products and the resistance developed by bacteria in poultry farms has led to a search for natural compounds derived from plants. This study was designed to promote the production performance of broiler chickens using fresh Cupressus sempervirens leaves infusion. Fresh Cupressus sempervirens leaves were harvested, washed, chopped and ground to a paste using a blender and fermented for three days in a closed container at a rate of 500 g/L of water. The solution obtained was filtered and added at the rate of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 ml/L of drinking water. The chickens fed on the graded level of the solution were compared to a control ration without an additive and positive control group supplemented with 1 g antibiotic/kg feed. At the finisher phase and throughout the study period, water intake increased significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing levels of infusion. Feed intake decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with 2 and 4 ml of infusion/L drinking water. Live weight and weight gain were significantly (P < 0.05) higher with 6 ml/L, while feed conversion significantly (P < 0.05) decreased with the same treatment compared with the control treatment without additives (T0). Carcass characteristics were not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by the inclusion of Cupressus sempervirens infusion. Haematological parameters significantly (P < 0.05) increase independently of the rate of incorporation of the infusion into the drinking water, with the exception of RBCs, MCHT and PCT. Serum content in total protein, globulins, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly (P < 0.05) high with 8 and 10 ml Cupressus sempervirens infusion/litre drinking water as compared to all other treatments. AST, ALT, urea, creatine, albumin, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were not significantly affected. The lactic acid bacteria load increased significantly (P E. coli and salmonella counts decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with infusion compared to the control without additive. In conclusion, 6 ml of Cupressus sempervirens infusion can be used as an alternative to antibiotic feed additives to promote growth performance in broilers.

Effects of Methenamine Feeding Regime on Growth Performances, Gut Microbiota, Organs Histology and Haemato-Biochemical Profile of Broiler Chickens

Microbial resistance in livestock has become a subject of great concern of public and scientific interest. This study was designed to assess the effects of methenamine feeding regime on growth performances of broilers chickens. For this purpose, 120 chicks of Cobb 500 strain, including 60 males and 60 females of 21 days old with an average weight of 639 g and 584 g respectively were used. They were randomly distributed in 60 experimental units of 2 chicks of same sex per cage until 49 days. Methenamine was incorporated in feed (TA), acidified (TEa) and non acidified (TE) water and compared to an antibiotic medicated diet as positive control (T0+) and a ration without any supplement as negative control (T0). The main results showed that, regardless of the feeding regime, methenamine significantly (p < 0.05) increased feed inteake, body weight, weight gain and decreased (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio. Methenamine whatever the feeding regime induced a significant increase in lactic acid bacteria counts compared to coliforms and coccidies counts. Salmonella were absent throughout the trial period. Regardless of sex and feeding regime, hematological parameters were not significantly affected, with the exception of white blood cell and platelet concentration that decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in male broilers. Serum content in ASAT (Aspartate-transferase), ALAT (Alanine-transferase), creatinine, urea and LDL-cholesterol decreased significantly (p < 0.05), while HDL-cholesterol increased. Histology of organs was not affected. Feeding methenamine to broiler chickens through drinking water can be used as an alternative to antibiotic to improve growth performances.

Effects of Graded Levels of Joy Perfume Tree (<i>Pentadiplandra brazzeana</i>) Powder in Drinking Water on Growth Performance, Gut Microbiota and Haemato-Biochemical Parameters of Broiler Chickens

The restriction of antibiotic growth promoters in livestock nutrition has led to a growing interest in plant feed additives. This study was designed to assess the production performance of broiler chickens fed on graded levels of Pentadiplandra brazzeana powder in drinking water. A total of 448 day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to seven treatment groups with 4 replicates of 16 birds each (08 males and 08 females). Pentadiplandra brazzeana root was grounded and incorporated at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 g/L of drinking water. Control rations consisted of diet without any supplement (T0) and antibiotic (1 g/kg) medicated diet (T0+). Throughout the experimental period (49 days) feed intake was not significantly (p > 0.05) affected by graded levels of Pentadiplandra brazzeana except for 5 g/L of water that significantly (p < 0.05) decreased feed intake. Weight gain was significantly higher (p < 0.05) with 1, 2 and 3 g/L, while feed conversion ratio was significantly lower (p < 0.05) with the same treatments compared to the control group (T0). Chickens fed on 1 g Pentadiplandra brazzeana/L recorded a higher (p < 0.05) carcass yield compared to the control ration (T0). Haematological parameters were not significantly (p > 0.05) affected irrespective of the level of incorporation of the test spice in drinking water. Serum content in urea was significantly lower (p < 0.05) with 3 g Pentadiplandra brazzeana/L compared to all other treatments. ASAT, ALAT, creatinine, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL-cholesterol were not significantly affected by the inclusion of Pentadiplandra brazzeana powder in drinking water. Feeding chickens with up to 4 g of Pentadiplandra brazzeana significantly increased (p < 0.05) lactic acid bacteria count. E. coli and salmonella counts significantly (p < 0.05) decreased with the spice in water as compared to the control diet. In conclusion, the administration of up to 3 g of Pentadiplandra brazzeana powder through drinking water can be used as alternative to antibiotics to improve growth performance of broiler chickens.

Effects of Treatment of Cocoa Pod Husks with Aqueous Ash Extract of Bean Haulms on Growth Performance and Haemato-Biochemical Parameters of Rabbits

Sustainability of animal production system depends mostly on feed used. Therefore, the utilization of agricultural by product is one of the safe ways to attempt this goal. For this end, a study on the level of incorporation of cocoa pod husk on growth performance, haematological and biochemical parameters were carried out. A total of 80 young rabbits composed of 40 males and 40 females with an average weight of 824.30 ± 53.8 g and 826.09 ± 40.61g respectively. There were randomly assigned to 5 experimental rations in a complete randomized designed with 8 rabbits per treatment and each rabbit served as experimental unit. From the control ration R (0-);0% cocoa pod husks and R (0+);20% of untreated hulls, 3 other rations of which three (R1, R2, R3) were formulated with respectively 20%, 25%, and 30% husks treated with ash from bean haulms at concentrations of 12.5 kg/100 litters of water. The results revealed that the initial weight, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, were not significantly affected (p > 0.05) by the different treatments. However, total weight gain, daily weight gains and final body weight of rabbit fed R1 ration were significantly (p < 0.05) higher (1973.77;23.49;2794.60 g respectively) as compare to other treatment irrespective of sex. Analysis of variance generally revealed a significant effect (p < 0.05) on fasting body weight (2447.43;2476.22;2687.99;2512.52;2425.89 g respectively for rations R0-, R0+, R1, R2 and R3), carcass weight (1270.84 g) and carcass yield (52.37%) was lower for animals feed R3 ration regardless of sex. On the other hand, no significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed in the relative weights of some parts, organs and those of the abdominal fat of the rabbits. Similarly, no significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed for haematological and biochemical parameters studied. Cocoa pod husks treated at 12.5% with bean haulm ash extracts can be incorporated up to 20% - 25% to improve growth performance of rabbits without any negative effect on their health.

Creativity and construction of professional identity:reflections and practices in paediatric onco-haematology

This article illustrates the clinical practice of psycho-oncology in a paediatric onco-haematology department by young psychologists.To begin with,we look at the role of the psychologist in a somatic department.Creativity in clinical work and the modulation of medical temporality.The aim here is to discuss the construction of the professional identity in relation to the construction of the therapeutic alliance with patients.Specifically,we will look at the relationship with creativity,which is necessary to support children and adolescents in their existential questioning.This work of creativity in the therapeutic alliance will be illustrated using two clinical cases that are particularly representative of clinical work centred on the relationship with finitude.

中国的麻虻属(双翅目:虻科)

中国的麻虻属 Haematopota经记录清理,国内保存标本的复核,共计52种。其中包括二新种,即似中华麻虻H.sineroides sp.nov.和骚扰麻虻H.vexativa sp.nov.。认为H.pungcnsis 是H.atrata 的误定,H.annandalei是H.personata的误定。对雌性有记载的51种作了分组研究,共分11组,即白条麻虻组H.atrata group 4种;繸腿麻虻组H.cilipes group 1种;毛股麻虻组H.pilosifemura group 5种;怒江麻虻组H.lukiangensis group 1种;条带麻虻组H.lineola group 3种;沥青麻虻组H.picea group 5种;黑角麻虻组H.nigriantenna group 9种;土耳其麻虻组H.rurkestanica group 3种;中华麻虻组H.sinensis group 3种;圆胛麻虻组H.irrorara group 6种;北京麻虻组H.pekingensis group 11种。

高住低训法对耐力性项目优秀运动员血象指标的影响——耐力项目利用低氧房模拟高原训练的攻关研究之一

采用实验法测定优秀耐力性项目运动员高住低训(H iLo)前后生理生化指标的变化,研究H iLo对提高耐力项目运动员身体机能(耐力要素)的效果和机理;掌握H iLo实施过程中血象指标在不同暴露期的真实释放情况;认识H iLo时的血象指标的变化规律,为H iLo应用训练提供应用实验依据。实验结果表明,中等强度训练的低氧暴露能有效提高促细胞生成素(EPO)、红细胞计数(RBC)水平,明显提高短道速滑、自行车等项目运动员身体机能和耐力水平。

全染料染色法测定末端脱氧核苷酰转移酶活力

介绍一种末端脱氧核苷酰转移酶活力测定的新方法，利用全染料（ｓｔａｉｎｓ─ａｌｌ）对单链寡聚核苷酸片段灵敏度较高的特点，建立了电泳─全染料染色法测定ＴｄＴ酶活力，ＴｄＴ酶促加长的寡聚核苷酸片段样本，经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离、全染料染色后即可根据寡聚核苷酸片段的泳动距离推算ＴｄＴ酶活力。此法所用试剂便宜，操作简便，无需大型仪器及灵敏度较高，适用于临床上白血病患者白细胞中ＴｄＴ酶活力的半定量检测及基因工程中ＴｄＴ工具酶活力的测定。