The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of Maillard reaction products of Haematococcus pluvialis protein and galactose(HPP-GAL)for improving the bioactivities of curcumin(CUR)for alleviating alcoholic ...The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of Maillard reaction products of Haematococcus pluvialis protein and galactose(HPP-GAL)for improving the bioactivities of curcumin(CUR)for alleviating alcoholic liver damage.CUR was embedded into HPP-GAL nanoparticles by the self-assembly of hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction with the particle size around 200 nm.HPP-GAL enhanced the encapsulation efficiency and loading amount of CUR with the value of(89.21±0.33)%and(0.500±0.004)%,respectively.The stabilities of CUR under strong acid,salt ion stability and ultraviolet irradiation conditions were improved by the encapsulation.HPP-GAL-CUR nanoparticles exhibited excellent concentration-dependent in vitro antioxidant activities including DPPH and ABTS scavenging rates,and better protective effect on CUR against gastric acid environment as well as longer release of CUR in simulated intestinal fluid.In addition,the HPPGAL-CUR delivery system possessed liver targeting property due to the existence of GAL,which could effectively alleviate the alcohol-induced liver damage and the inflammation indexes by inhibiting the oxidative stress.Therefore,HPP-GAL-CUR nanoparticles might be a potential candidate system for the prevention of alcoholic liver damage in the future.展开更多
Three separate 5＇-flanking regions （1.1 kb, 1.9 kb and 2.2 kb） of crtO were cloned through walking upstream. Results of sequence analysis show that three 5＇-flanking regions of crtO might have some similar putati...Three separate 5＇-flanking regions （1.1 kb, 1.9 kb and 2.2 kb） of crtO were cloned through walking upstream. Results of sequence analysis show that three 5＇-flanking regions of crtO might have some similar putative cis-acting elements such as ABA （abscisic acid）-responsive element （ABRE）, C-repeat/dehydration responsive element （C-repeat/DRE）, light-responsive element （G-box, GAG-motif, I-box and ATC-motif）, wound-responsive element （WUN-motif）, auxin-responsive element （TGA-element）, MeJA-responsive element （TGACG-element） and MYB binding site （MBS）, except for typical TATA box or CCAAT box. These findings might mean diversiform regulatory patterns of crtO being in astaxanthin biosynthesis of Haematococcus pluvialis.展开更多
The unicellular green alga Haematococcus pluvia/is uniquely accumulates carotenoids in the cytoplasm and in late developmental stages turns deep-red in color because of accumulation of astaxanthin in the cytosol. The ...The unicellular green alga Haematococcus pluvia/is uniquely accumulates carotenoids in the cytoplasm and in late developmental stages turns deep-red in color because of accumulation of astaxanthin in the cytosol. The enzyme, isopentenyl pyrophosphate （IPP） isomerase, plays a key role in astaxanthin biosynthesis of H. pluvialis. In this paper, two separate 5＇-flanking regions （1.8 kb and 2.5 kb） of IPP isomerase gene was cloned through walking upstream firstly. Results of sequence analysis =showed that two separate 5＇-flanking regions of IPP isomerase gene might have similar putative cis-acting elements such as ABA （abscisic acid）-responsive element （ABRE）, drought-responsive element （DRE/C-repeat）, light-responsive element （G-box, GAG-motif, I-box and ATC-motif）, heat-shock element （HSE）, wound-responsive element （WUN-motif）, SA （salicylic acid）-responsive element （TCA-element）, auxin-responsive element （TGA-element）, MeJA （methyl jasmonate）-responsive element （TGACG-element）, enhancer-like element involved in anoxic specific inducibility （GC-motif） and MYB binding sites （MBS and MRE）, except for typical TATA box or CCAAT box, which exhibit diversiform transcriptional patterns of IPP isomerase gene in astaxanthin biosynthesis of Haematococcus pluvialis.展开更多
The optimum concentration of Na_2 WO_4 was explored in relation to the cell density and astaxanthin content in Haematococcus pluvialis. Then, the cellular morphology, nitrate reductase(NR) activity, soluble sugar and ...The optimum concentration of Na_2 WO_4 was explored in relation to the cell density and astaxanthin content in Haematococcus pluvialis. Then, the cellular morphology, nitrate reductase(NR) activity, soluble sugar and protein contents, and chlorophyll ?uorescence were measured, and the transcriptional expression of carotenogenic genes was determined by quantitative real-time PCR. The results showed that 3.0 mmol/L of Na_2 WO_4 was the optimum concentration to induce astaxanthin accumulation, with a maximum content of 49.41±0.13 pg/cell reached on the tenth day. The NR activity decreased signi?cantly and continually after Na_2 WO_4 treatment. The soluble sugar content increased gradually during the experimental period and was eventually signi?cantly higher than that in the control. The soluble protein content increased rapidly,reached a maximum in day 0.5 and day 1 and then decreased. The ef fective photochemical effciency of PSII( F v'/F m') and light saturation( E k) ?rst decreased and then tended to stabilize, and NADP +-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH) gene expression was correlated with photosynthesis. The transcriptional expression of ipi, psy and bkt was signi?cantly increased compared with that in the control after application of Na_2 WO_4, and the relative expression of ipi reached the highest level on the ?fth day, with a 98.03±1.92-fold increase. Our results describe a new approach to promote the ef fective accumulation of astaxanthin in H. pluvialis by NR inhibitor Na_2 WO_4.展开更多
Two strains H2-410 and H2-419 were obtained from the chemically mutated survivors of wild Haematococcus pluvialis 2 by using ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS). Strains H2-410 and H2-419 showed a fast cell growth with 13% ...Two strains H2-410 and H2-419 were obtained from the chemically mutated survivors of wild Haematococcus pluvialis 2 by using ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS). Strains H2-410 and H2-419 showed a fast cell growth with 13% and 20% increase in biomass compared to wild type, respectively. Then H2-419-4, a fast cell growth and high astaxanthin accumulation strain, was obtained by exposing the strain H2-419 to ultraviolet radiation (UV) further. The total biomass, the astaxanthin content per cell, astaxanthin production of H2-419-4 showed 68%, 28%, and 120% increase compared to wild H. pluvialis 2, respectively. HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) data showed also an obvious proportional variation of different carotenoid compositions in the extracts of H2-419-4 and the wild type, although no peak of carotenoids appeared or disappeared. Therefore, the main compositions in strain H2-419-4, like its wild one, were free of astaxanthin, monoester, and diester of astaxanthin. The asexual reproduction in survivors after exposed to UV was not synchronous, and different from the normal synchronous asexual reproduction as the mother cells were motile instead of non-motile. Interestingly, some survivors from UV irradiation produced many mini-spores (or gamete?), the spores moved away from the mother cell gradually 4 or 5 days later. This is quite similar to sexual reproduction described by Elliot in 1934. However, whether this was sexual reproduction remains questionable, as no mating process has been observed.展开更多
In this paper,we investigated the effects of temperature,oxygen,antioxidants,and corn germ oil on the stability of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis under different storage conditions,and changes in the composi...In this paper,we investigated the effects of temperature,oxygen,antioxidants,and corn germ oil on the stability of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis under different storage conditions,and changes in the composition of astaxanthin esters during storage using high performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometry.Oxygen and high temperatures(22–25°C) significantly reduced the stability of astaxanthin esters.Corn germ oil and antioxidants(ascorbic acid and vitamin E)failed to protect astaxanthin from oxidation,and actually significantly increased the instability of astaxanthin.A change in the relative composition of astaxanthin esters was observed after 96 weeks of long-term storage.During storage,the relative amounts of free astaxanthin and astaxanthin monoesters declined,while the relative amount of astaxanthin diesters increased.Thus,the ratio of astaxanthin diester to monoester increased,and this ratio could be used to indicate if astaxanthin esters have been properly preserved.If the ratio is greater than 0.2,it suggests that the decrease in astaxanthin content could be higher than 20%.Our results show that storing algal powder from H.pluvialis or other natural astaxanthin products under vacuum and in the dark below 4°C is the most economical and applicable storage method for the large-scale production of astaxanthin from H.pluvialis.This storage method can produce an astaxanthin preservation rate of at least 80%after 96 weeks of storage.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1100205)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972105)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(31925031).
文摘The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of Maillard reaction products of Haematococcus pluvialis protein and galactose(HPP-GAL)for improving the bioactivities of curcumin(CUR)for alleviating alcoholic liver damage.CUR was embedded into HPP-GAL nanoparticles by the self-assembly of hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction with the particle size around 200 nm.HPP-GAL enhanced the encapsulation efficiency and loading amount of CUR with the value of(89.21±0.33)%and(0.500±0.004)%,respectively.The stabilities of CUR under strong acid,salt ion stability and ultraviolet irradiation conditions were improved by the encapsulation.HPP-GAL-CUR nanoparticles exhibited excellent concentration-dependent in vitro antioxidant activities including DPPH and ABTS scavenging rates,and better protective effect on CUR against gastric acid environment as well as longer release of CUR in simulated intestinal fluid.In addition,the HPPGAL-CUR delivery system possessed liver targeting property due to the existence of GAL,which could effectively alleviate the alcohol-induced liver damage and the inflammation indexes by inhibiting the oxidative stress.Therefore,HPP-GAL-CUR nanoparticles might be a potential candidate system for the prevention of alcoholic liver damage in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (40706050 40706048)+4 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong University of Technology (4040306017)Start-up Foundation for Ph.D of Shandong University of Technology (4041-4050174041-405016)National Key Technology R&D program(11200602)Foundation of State Commonweal Institute (2060402/2)
文摘Three separate 5＇-flanking regions （1.1 kb, 1.9 kb and 2.2 kb） of crtO were cloned through walking upstream. Results of sequence analysis show that three 5＇-flanking regions of crtO might have some similar putative cis-acting elements such as ABA （abscisic acid）-responsive element （ABRE）, C-repeat/dehydration responsive element （C-repeat/DRE）, light-responsive element （G-box, GAG-motif, I-box and ATC-motif）, wound-responsive element （WUN-motif）, auxin-responsive element （TGA-element）, MeJA-responsive element （TGACG-element） and MYB binding site （MBS）, except for typical TATA box or CCAAT box. These findings might mean diversiform regulatory patterns of crtO being in astaxanthin biosynthesis of Haematococcus pluvialis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation in China (NO. 30671126 40706050 and 40706048)+3 种基金National Key Technology R&D Program (No. 11200602)The Special Foundation of State-level and Public Interest Research Institute (No. 2060402/2)Natural Science Foundation in Shandong University of Technology (No. 4040306017) Start-up Foundation for Ph.D in Shandong University of Technology (No. 4041-405017 and 4041-405016)
文摘The unicellular green alga Haematococcus pluvia/is uniquely accumulates carotenoids in the cytoplasm and in late developmental stages turns deep-red in color because of accumulation of astaxanthin in the cytosol. The enzyme, isopentenyl pyrophosphate （IPP） isomerase, plays a key role in astaxanthin biosynthesis of H. pluvialis. In this paper, two separate 5＇-flanking regions （1.8 kb and 2.5 kb） of IPP isomerase gene was cloned through walking upstream firstly. Results of sequence analysis =showed that two separate 5＇-flanking regions of IPP isomerase gene might have similar putative cis-acting elements such as ABA （abscisic acid）-responsive element （ABRE）, drought-responsive element （DRE/C-repeat）, light-responsive element （G-box, GAG-motif, I-box and ATC-motif）, heat-shock element （HSE）, wound-responsive element （WUN-motif）, SA （salicylic acid）-responsive element （TCA-element）, auxin-responsive element （TGA-element）, MeJA （methyl jasmonate）-responsive element （TGACG-element）, enhancer-like element involved in anoxic specific inducibility （GC-motif） and MYB binding sites （MBS and MRE）, except for typical TATA box or CCAAT box, which exhibit diversiform transcriptional patterns of IPP isomerase gene in astaxanthin biosynthesis of Haematococcus pluvialis.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31572638)the Public Benefit Program of Zhejiang Science and Technology Department(No.2015C32021)+4 种基金the Program of Ningbo Science and Technology Bureau(No.2014C10023)the NSF of Ningbo Government(No.2015A610265)the Project of Science and Technology Innovation for College Students in Zhejiang Province(No.2016R405078)the K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo Universitythe Subject Project of Ningbo University(No.xkl1526)
文摘The optimum concentration of Na_2 WO_4 was explored in relation to the cell density and astaxanthin content in Haematococcus pluvialis. Then, the cellular morphology, nitrate reductase(NR) activity, soluble sugar and protein contents, and chlorophyll ?uorescence were measured, and the transcriptional expression of carotenogenic genes was determined by quantitative real-time PCR. The results showed that 3.0 mmol/L of Na_2 WO_4 was the optimum concentration to induce astaxanthin accumulation, with a maximum content of 49.41±0.13 pg/cell reached on the tenth day. The NR activity decreased signi?cantly and continually after Na_2 WO_4 treatment. The soluble sugar content increased gradually during the experimental period and was eventually signi?cantly higher than that in the control. The soluble protein content increased rapidly,reached a maximum in day 0.5 and day 1 and then decreased. The ef fective photochemical effciency of PSII( F v'/F m') and light saturation( E k) ?rst decreased and then tended to stabilize, and NADP +-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH) gene expression was correlated with photosynthesis. The transcriptional expression of ipi, psy and bkt was signi?cantly increased compared with that in the control after application of Na_2 WO_4, and the relative expression of ipi reached the highest level on the ?fth day, with a 98.03±1.92-fold increase. Our results describe a new approach to promote the ef fective accumulation of astaxanthin in H. pluvialis by NR inhibitor Na_2 WO_4.
基金the Innovation Program of the Institute of Oceanology,CAS (No.L86032523)the Project of Ministry of Sciences and Technology of China (No.02EFN216601213)
文摘Two strains H2-410 and H2-419 were obtained from the chemically mutated survivors of wild Haematococcus pluvialis 2 by using ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS). Strains H2-410 and H2-419 showed a fast cell growth with 13% and 20% increase in biomass compared to wild type, respectively. Then H2-419-4, a fast cell growth and high astaxanthin accumulation strain, was obtained by exposing the strain H2-419 to ultraviolet radiation (UV) further. The total biomass, the astaxanthin content per cell, astaxanthin production of H2-419-4 showed 68%, 28%, and 120% increase compared to wild H. pluvialis 2, respectively. HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) data showed also an obvious proportional variation of different carotenoid compositions in the extracts of H2-419-4 and the wild type, although no peak of carotenoids appeared or disappeared. Therefore, the main compositions in strain H2-419-4, like its wild one, were free of astaxanthin, monoester, and diester of astaxanthin. The asexual reproduction in survivors after exposed to UV was not synchronous, and different from the normal synchronous asexual reproduction as the mother cells were motile instead of non-motile. Interestingly, some survivors from UV irradiation produced many mini-spores (or gamete?), the spores moved away from the mother cell gradually 4 or 5 days later. This is quite similar to sexual reproduction described by Elliot in 1934. However, whether this was sexual reproduction remains questionable, as no mating process has been observed.
基金Supported by the Yunnan Provincial Sciences and Technology Department,China(No.2007AD009)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31272680)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2013AA065805)
文摘In this paper,we investigated the effects of temperature,oxygen,antioxidants,and corn germ oil on the stability of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis under different storage conditions,and changes in the composition of astaxanthin esters during storage using high performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometry.Oxygen and high temperatures(22–25°C) significantly reduced the stability of astaxanthin esters.Corn germ oil and antioxidants(ascorbic acid and vitamin E)failed to protect astaxanthin from oxidation,and actually significantly increased the instability of astaxanthin.A change in the relative composition of astaxanthin esters was observed after 96 weeks of long-term storage.During storage,the relative amounts of free astaxanthin and astaxanthin monoesters declined,while the relative amount of astaxanthin diesters increased.Thus,the ratio of astaxanthin diester to monoester increased,and this ratio could be used to indicate if astaxanthin esters have been properly preserved.If the ratio is greater than 0.2,it suggests that the decrease in astaxanthin content could be higher than 20%.Our results show that storing algal powder from H.pluvialis or other natural astaxanthin products under vacuum and in the dark below 4°C is the most economical and applicable storage method for the large-scale production of astaxanthin from H.pluvialis.This storage method can produce an astaxanthin preservation rate of at least 80%after 96 weeks of storage.
