Influence of Human Activity Intensity on Habitat Quality in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park,China

Due to long-term human activity interference,the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park(HTRNP)of China has experienced ecological problems such as habitat fragmentation and biodiversity loss,and with the expanding scope and intensity of human activity impact,the regional ecological security is facing serious challenges.A scientific assessment of the interrelationship between human activity intensity and habitat quality in the HTRNP is a prerequisite for achieving effective management of ecological disturbances caused by human activities and can also provide scientific strategies for the sustainable development of the region.Based on the land use change data in 2000,2010,and 2020,the spatial and temporal variations and the relationship between habitat quality(HQ)and human activity intensity(HAI)in the HTRNP were explored using the integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade-offs(InVEST)model.System dynamics and land use simulation models were also combined to conduct multi-scenario simulations of their relationships.The results showed that during 2000–2020,the habitat quality of the HTRNP improved,the intensity of human activities decreased each year,and there was a negative correlation between the two.Second,the system dynamic model could be well coupled with the land use simulation model by combining socio-economic and natural factors.The simulation scenarios of the coupling model showed that the harmonious development(HD)scenario is effective in curbing the increasing trend of human activity intensity and decreasing trend of habitat quality,with a weaker trade-off between the two compared with the baseline development(BD)and investment priority oriented(IPO)scenarios.To maintain the authenticity and integrity of the HTRNP,effective measures such as ecological corridor construction,ecological restoration,and the implementation of ecological compensation policies need to be strengthened.

Knowledge of Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) among Medical Students in a Tertiary Hospital in Jos North Local Government Area, Plateau State, Nigeria

Background: Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) remain a common cause of death, functional disability, emotional suffering and economic burden among hospitalized patients. Knowledge of HAIs is important in its prevention and control. This study seeks to assess the knowledge of Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) among medical students in a Tertiary Hospital in Jos North Local Government Area, Plateau State, Nigeria. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study done in October 2019 among clinical medical students using a Multistage sampling technique. Data was collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire and analyzed using the IBM SPSS 20 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). Ethical approval was granted by Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Ethics Committee, Jos, Plateau State. Results: A total of 219 students in the clinical arm of the College of Medicine and Health Sciences were selected. A higher proportion (97.7%) of respondents knew about Hospital Acquired Infections and 85.4% knew that Hospital Acquired infections occur in the hospital, and (86.3%) considered patients contagious with half (58.9%) considered patients as the most important source of HAIs, followed by care givers (13.2%), then doctors including medical students and interns (10.0%) and lastly nurses (8.7%). The majority of respondents (70.8%) considered Surgical Wound Infections to be the most commonly occurring HAI, followed by UTIs (69.9%), RTIs (61.2%), BSIs (37.0%) and others (0.9%). The clinical thermometer was the instrument that most commonly transmits HAIs (82.6%), then followed by stethoscope (62.1%), white coats (53.9%), and blood pressure cuff (51.1%). Most respondents knew the infectious substances, like blood (96.3%), nasal discharge (82.6%), saliva (85.3%), and faeces (79.4%) transmitted HAIs, 72.6% of the respondents said that they were aware of the recommended hand washing techniques by WHO. Conclusion: The majority of students 91.3% had good knowledge while 8.7% had poor knowledge of HAIs. Lower classes had more respondents with poor knowledge. This finding was statistically significant (p = 0.002, Chi-square 12.819). Students are encouraged to keep up the level of knowledge they have about HAIs. These students can help improve the knowledge of those whose knowledge level is low. Government and NGOs should support sponsorship for capacity-building events targeted at HAIs for healthcare workers and medical students.

Integration of network pharmacology and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells experimental research to reveal the molecular mechanisms for Hai Honghua medicinal liquor against osteoporosis

Background:Hai Honghua medicinal liquor(HHML)formula has been used in clinical practice for a long time,mainly for the treatment of freshly closed fractures,to promote osteogenesis,to increase bone mass,and thus to promote fracture healing.However,the underlying mechanisms of HHML in the treatment of osteoporosis(OP)are still unclear.Methods:Firstly,Traditional Chinese Medicines Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform and The Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine were used to screen the targets of the active compounds of HHML.At the same time,OP targets were identified through GeneCards,Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man,DisGeNET,Therapeutic Target Database,Comparative Toxicogenomics Database and Human Phenotype Ontology databases.Next,protein-protein interaction and pathway networks were constructed for compound-disease common targets,and core targets and compounds were screened for molecular docking.Furthermore,rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were extracted as model cells,and the osteogenic effects of HHML were verified via in vitro experiments.Results:Total of 343 common targets of HHML-OP and the top 10 target proteins in the protein-protein interaction network are TP53,AKT1,STAT3,HSP90AA1,ESR1,TNF,IL6,MAPK1,MAPK3 and MAPK8.Enrichment analysis yielded that the key molecular pathway was the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.Molecular docking analysis showed that baicalein,erysodienone and naringenin docked with the target proteins AKT1,STAT3 and TP53,respectively,with low binding energy and high affinity.In addition,In vitro experiments demonstrated that HHML promoted the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells;compared with the control group,HHML-treated cells showed enhanced alkaline phosphatase staining,promoted the expression of OCN,RUNX2,BSP,and COL1 mRNAs as well as the expression of PI3K and AKT phosphorylated proteins.Secondly,the expression of target proteins revealed that HHML promoted the phosphorylation of STAT3 protein and inhibited the expression of P53.Conclusions:Our study investigated that HHML treatment with OP promotes bone formation possibly through activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and may involve STAT3 and TP53 target interactions.

From Hai Yao, Yang Yao to Xi Yao: Sinification of Material Medical from the West

In ancient China, Daoist philosophers developed the concepts of qi(energy), Wu Xing(five elements), and yin(feminine, dark, negative) and yang(masculine, bright, positive) opposite forces between 200 and 600 BCE. Based on these philosophies, Zhen Jiu(acupuncture), Ben Cao(materia medica), and the practice of Qi Gong(energy optimization movements) evolved as the three interrelated therapeutic regimens of Chinese medicine(Note 1). Since the time of Zhang Qian, who discovered China's western regions in the 1st century BCE, Hai Yao(the exotic elements of materia medica from the maritime Silk Road countries), had been transmitted from the ancient land and maritime routes of the Silk Road to China in the past two millennia(Note 2). Since the late 17th century, the English East India Company, later called the British East India Company, introduced Yang Yao(opium) to the Manchu Qing Empire to balance a growing trade deficit for tea export from China to the British Empire. After the First Opium War ended in 1842, enterprising expatriate chemists and druggists in the treaty ports imported Xi Yao(modern medicines from the Western world) for sale to the merchant navy and the local market. From the second half of the 19th century onwards, both Hai Yao and Xi Yao have become a fully integrated part of modern China's armamentarium for the Chinese medicine and Western hospitals and retail pharmacy sectors. This paper articulates the journey of adoption of exotic elements of materia medica from the ancient land and sea routes of the Silk Road, including the western regions and the rest of the world in the past two millennia. Opium traders, ship surgeons, medical and pharmaceutical missionaries, enterprising traders, and policymakers together transformed Ben Cao into Xi Yao during the late Manchu Qing dynasty and the early Nationalist Era.

Research of the molecular mechanism of Hai Honghua medicinal liquor in the treatment of fracture based on network pharmacology combined with molecular docking

Background:Hai Honghua medicinal liquor(HHML),a famous hospital formula composed of 19 traditional Chinese medicines,has been successfully applied in treating soft tissue injury,fresh closed fracture,limb dysfunction after fracture healing,shoulder,neck and leg pain,knee joint pain and other clinical multiple diseases for 30 years in clinical.However,research on the material basis of HHML for the treatment of fracture healing-related disorders is still in a gap.Therefore,it is particularly important to explore the active ingredients,core targets and potential pharmacological mechanisms of HHML to promote fracture healing.Methods:We screened the core active components of each traditional Chinese medicine in formula and its action targets through the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform and Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine database.The fracture related targets were retrieved from several different public databases,including GeneCards,Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man,DisGeNET and Therapeutic Target Database.Bioinformatics analysis to obtain key bioactive components,underlying targets and signaling pathways,containing the Venn diagram of the intersection with components and diseases gene targets,protein–protein interaction,as well as the Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis,and finally molecular docking.Results:A total of 249 bioactive ingredients of HHML and 325 HHML-fracture-related targets were screened.The network analysis revealed that quercetin,luteolin,kaempferol,Licochalcone A,naringenin and 8-Isopentenyl-kaempferol may be potential candidate agents.Multiple targets are involved including TP53,MAPK3,STAT3,AKT1,MAPK1,HSP90AA1,ESR1 and PIK3CA may be closely linked targets.PI3K-AKT signaling pathway may play a significant role of HHML in treatment of fracture.What’s more,molecular docking suggested that 8-isopentenyl kaempferol,glycyrrhiza chalcone A,and naringenin bound to AKT1,PIK3CA,and ESR1,respectively,exhibiting lower energy and more stable characteristics.Conclusions:The findings indicate the potential active ingredients,target proteins and molecular mechanisms of HHML for the treatment of fractures to provide the exact idea for the next research on the mechanism of action of HHML formula for fracture treatment.

燕麦干草饲喂肉兔的营养价值评定

本试验旨在评定燕麦干草对肉兔的营养价值,为燕麦干草在肉兔配合饲料中的应用提供营养消化参数。试验分为2部分,燕麦干草营养成分分析和饲喂肉兔的消化参数测定。燕麦干草营养成分分析选择产自甘肃省的34个批次的燕麦干草样品进行,消化试验选择上述34个批次中代表性强(营养组成与测定均值差异较小)的燕麦干草。消化试验采用全收粪法进行:选取40只平均体重为(2.2±0.2)kg的70日龄新西兰白兔,随机分成2组,每组20只(公母各占1/2),代谢笼内单笼饲养。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂试验饲粮(85%基础饲粮+15%燕麦干草)。预试期10 d,正试期7 d。结果显示:1)燕麦干草总能以及干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分、钙、磷、无氮浸出物、粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤木质素含量分别为15.33 MJ/kg、89.60%、9.71%、2.02%、12.54%、1.13%、0.21%、34.50%、30.83%、48.25%、38.87%和5.58%;肉兔对其表观消化率分别为42.51%、50.15%、56.58%、83.56%、25.12%、27.86%、20.36%、65.23%、28.87%、45.25%、30.87%和-5.86%。2)燕麦干草总氨基酸、赖氨酸、苏氨酸、蛋氨酸、精氨酸、半胱氨酸、组氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸和酪氨酸含量分别为8.67%、0.53%、0.45%、0.09%、0.49%、0.12%、0.22%、0.54%、0.09%、0.43%、0.46%和0.26%;肉兔对其表观消化率分别为58.23%、60.23%、62.52%、70.12%、68.25%、65.23%、58.23%、55.24%、62.35%、54.23%、59.68%和63.25%。综上可知,与苜蓿干草相比,燕麦干草粗蛋白质、粗脂肪含量偏低,粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量较高,酸性洗涤木质素含量较低,粗灰分含量偏高,钙多磷少;肉兔对燕麦干草中各营养成分的消化率存在较大差异,其中总能、干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、无氮浸出物和限制性氨基酸消化率较高,纤维组分消化率一般,粗灰分、钙、磷和非限制性氨基酸消化率偏低。

基于CAMM和CLDAS的黄淮海冬小麦成熟期连阴雨时空特征

利用黄淮海地区2008—2023年的CLDAS数据和同期65个农业气象观测站的冬小麦花期、成熟期观测数据,订正机理性中国农业气象模式(CAMM)中发育模块(RAM)的参数,评估模式对冬小麦成熟期的模拟精度,而后重构格点化的历年成熟期日期,统计成熟期前6天后9天共16天的降水量和雨日数,随后基于连阴雨指标,研究连阴雨的时空分布特征。结果表明:(1)RAM模式对冬小麦成熟期具有较好的模拟能力,各站RMSE平均值为2.28±0.46 d,模拟值与实测值的R2为0.915。(2)黄淮海地区冬小麦成熟期降水量和雨日数均呈南北两端高中间低的空间分布格局,区域平均降水量为8.8~84.6 mm,平均值为31.9 mm,雨日数为1.0~9.1天,平均值为5.4天。(3)2008—2023年连阴雨灾害波动较大,其中2009、2013、2018和2023年较为严重,大致呈4~5年发生一次的周期性规律,且灾情呈加重的趋势。(4)连阴雨灾害在黄淮海地区北部很少发生,河北和山东交界处偶发,灾害高发重发区主要集中在河南省,尤其是郑州以南的驻马店和信阳一带最为严重,发生频率约为5年一遇,持续天数多在9天以上。

铡草机切碎辊作物喂入矢角参数模型建立与试验

饲草收获机作物喂入矢角(辊(叶片)轴心至喂入点矢径的水平夹角)对切碎辊转矩负荷及切碎性能有重要影响,通过检测传动带压力与作物喂入矢角的关系,对收获机切碎特性与作物切碎过程进行了运动学、动力学分析,揭示了饲草作物切碎质量、能耗与作物喂入矢角的关系,建立收获机切碎辊作物喂入矢角数学模型并进行了优化。试验结果表明,当优化参数组作物单位长度喂入量为5.5 kg/s、切碎辊转速为1600 r/min、传动带初始压力为1.2 MPa时,该作业参数组下切碎作物喂入矢角数学模型精度最高,准确率达79.52%,模型偏差为0.491 MPa(0.957 rad),能够有效表征铡草机切碎作业负荷,同时在保证作物切碎质量下提高了铡草机作业能力,优化的切碎喂入矢角模型下切碎扰动响应时间缩短约26.41%,单位作业能耗减小约11.36%。该切碎作物喂入矢角模型丰富了铡草机切碎作业的建模方法,为饲草作物类铡草机负荷控制系统设计提供了参考。

龙菁1号紫花苜蓿新品种的选育

试验为解决寒区优质紫花苜蓿种质资源匮乏的难题,以抗寒、高产为育种目标,2002年起对9个国内外紫花苜蓿品种经过混合单株选择法及四代田间表型混合选择,选育龙菁1号紫花苜蓿品种。结果显示:在品种比较试验中,龙菁1号紫花苜蓿的干草产量、越冬率和粗蛋白含量最高,分别为10920.2 kg/hm^(2)、95.2%、19.22%;在区域试验中,龙菁1号紫花苜蓿在吉林白城地区的干草产量(11866.18 kg/hm^(2))最高;在生产试验中,与龙牧803、WL323HQ相比,龙菁1号紫花苜蓿在杜蒙地区的干草产量(10088 kg/hm^(2))最高。研究表明,龙菁1号紫花苜蓿品种的耐寒性、干草产量、粗蛋白含量均优于龙牧803和WL323HQ,是适合东北寒区人工草地建植、退化草原改良、粮改饲和草田轮作的优质牧草。

清代雍正时期黄中海道针经考释

黄中海道针经,是雍正五年至七年由文登县知县黄中,根据邑中长老口述而加工编撰的一段从天津至山东自北而南沿海航行的指南。雍正《山东通志》将是段海程收录,这是目前所见最接近原始记录的文献。是部海道针经,详细记叙了沿山东半岛一带海域的地文、水文与气象现象,并总结其规律,具有很强的科学性与实操性,它代表了在传统社会条件下海洋科学技术所能达到的最高峰。同时,它展现出一幅沿线生民捕鱼、商贸、信仰与国家海上管理的清晰生动图景。对黄中海道针经的考释,也让我们重新思考国家层面上的河运海运之争,清代因袭明重农防海的基本国策,由此构建出的一套话语体系,不但遮蔽了繁忙发达的海上往来,而且极大地延迟了海运替代河运的时间。

“还”与引述性否定:句子格式和话语格式

本文讨论引语X重读的引述性否定“什么还X”和“什么,还X”,着重分析“什么还X”的形成动因、语义特点及两种格式的关系。研究发现,“什么还X”是衍生于“什么X”的句子格式,“还”是明示X与说话人预期背反的语用标记,“什么,还X”是由单说的“什么”和“还X”组合而成的话语格式,与“什么还X”的语义性质、话语功能等有细微差别。

《欧阳海之歌》沙博理译本叙事转换研究

《欧阳海之歌》因其多维叙事及其与二十世纪六七十年代国家叙事需求的适配性,成为彼时为数不多的、被翻译的中国文学作品。话语层面,沙博理对叙事结构、叙事视角、叙事时间进行了调整;故事层面,沙博理对文化故事和政治故事进行异语语境转换。在话语与故事层面,沙博理根据译者身份做出不同叙事转换。以此为视角,文章分析了译者不同策略选择的动机,发现叙事转换是译者在话语与故事层面综合考量国家翻译实践的目的、国内外语境、英语读者的阅读习惯与接受能力等后做出的平衡选择。

山东方言中表示地貌特征和地名通名的几个字

在山东等地方言中,“埠”“垓”“湖”“泊”等字,除了其本义或常用义之外,还可以表示不同的地理地貌特征,并用于地名通名。在鲁东、鲁南方言中,“埠”字主要表示高岗或土丘,并用于当地的村镇名。在鲁西南、鲁西方言中,“垓”可以表示村寨堤围或寨墙,并广泛用于村寨名。在鲁南和鲁东南地区,“湖”可以用来表示平原、田野或田地,亦用于地名。在胶东地区方言中,“泊”同样表示平原、田地的意思,也用于当地的村镇名。在这类常见字中,表示地貌特征、用于地名通名的意义及用法,是大中型语文辞书编写工作中的一个盲点,应引起足够重视。

从近代“夷”形象嬗变看中华民族意识的“自觉”——以《海国图志》为中心

《海国图志》中的“夷”形象嬗变,标志着中国近代“异域”形象由“夷”到“他者”的转型,其主体由传统“少数民族”转型为近代“西方列强”。这一深刻嬗变带来两个方面的重要影响:一是文化机制由传统“华夏中心”一元构架向近代“中西冲突”二元构架转型;二是近代中华民族意识由“自在”向“自觉”演进。这不仅论证了中华民族的认同意识和归属意识是在中国古代各民族“自在”文化认同的基础上,伴随着近代强势他者的出现而“自觉”形成的,还揭示了中华民族意识由“自在”向“自觉”演进的时间节点和推动中华民族意识演进的文化机制。

略论吕振羽对湖湘辛亥革命人物的评述

吕振羽虽长于治中国古代史,而在其史学研究中,也曾运用马克思历史唯物主义的方法,先后对陈天华、黄兴、蔡锷、宋教仁等湖湘辛亥革命人物进行过评述,具有较高的学术性和开创性。但由于多种原因,其个别评述还存在一些偏差与不足,值得我们在相关的研究中注意。

越南医籍《海上懒翁医宗心领》版本考

《海上懒翁医宗心领》是越南第一部内容完备的医学全书,在越南医学史上有里程碑的意义。该书由越南医家黎有卓所著,早期以手稿本或传抄本形式流传于其弟子之间,名为《懒翁心领》,经后人搜集、刊印,于咸宜元年(1885)刊刻出版,名为《新镌海上懒翁医宗心领全帙》。通过考据该书版本的发生发展过程以及发展过程中形成的相互关系,梳理该书不同版本之间的源流演变,为今人研究越南医家黎有卓医学思想在越南的发展脉络提供参考。

不同粗饲料来源饲粮对哺乳期牦牛犊牛养分表观消化率、肠道组织形态、免疫指标及消化酶活性的影响

本试验旨在研究不同粗饲料来源饲粮对哺乳期牦牛犊牛养分表观消化率、肠道组织形态、免疫指标及消化酶活性的影响。选取21头45日龄体重[(36.47±0.99)kg]相近的健康牦牛犊牛(公牛),随机分为3组,每组7头牛。苜蓿干草组(AH组)在饲喂代乳粉和开食料的基础上添加苜蓿干草,燕麦干草组(OH组)在饲喂代乳粉和开食料的基础上添加燕麦干草,混合干草组(AO组)在饲喂代乳粉和开食料的基础上添加燕麦干草和苜蓿干草(苜蓿干草∶燕麦干草=1∶1)。预试期21 d,正试期120 d。结果表明:1)AO组的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、钙和磷表观消化率显著高于AH组和OH组(P<0.05)。2)AO组的十二指肠绒毛长度显著低于AH组和OH组(P<0.05),AO组的回肠隐窝深度显著高于AH组和OH组(P<0.05),AO组和OH组的结肠黏膜厚度显著低于AH组(P<0.05)。3)AO组的空肠和结肠干扰素-γ含量、盲肠白细胞介素-1β和分泌型免疫球蛋白A含量显著高于AH组(P<0.05),AH组的结肠分泌型免疫球蛋白A含量显著高于AO组和OH组(P<0.05)。4)AO组的空肠胰蛋白酶活性显著高于OH组(P<0.05),AO组的回肠胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶活性显著高于AH组和OH组(P<0.05),OH组的空肠α-淀粉酶活性、十二指肠糜蛋白酶活性、结肠纤维素酶活性显著高于AH组和AO组(P<0.05),OH组的回肠、结肠α-淀粉酶活性显著高于AO组(P<0.05)。由此可见,相比单一饲喂苜蓿干草或燕麦干草,混合饲喂苜蓿干草和燕麦干草提高了牦牛犊牛NDF、ADF、钙和磷表观消化率,提高了肠道主要消化酶活性,改善了肠道免疫功能,促进了肠道发育,更有利于牦牛犊牛早期的健康生长。

急性髓系白血病HGFA、Matriptase、HAI-1、HAI-2表达水平及临床意义

目的:探讨HGFA、Matriptase、HAI-1、HAI-2在急性髓系白血病患者中的表达水平及其临床意义。方法:收集91例急性髓系白血病初治患者、41例急性髓系白血病缓解患者和32例正常人的骨髓标本,利用实时荧光定量RT-PCR(qRT-PCR)法检测髓系白血病细胞HGFA、Matriptase、HAI-1、HAI-2 mRNA表达水平;比较上述基因在人急性髓系白血病患者初治组和缓解组以及健康对照组中的表达情况;分析其表达情况与其临床特征的相关性。结果:在AML初治组HGFA水平高于健康对照组(P=0.010);而HAI-2 mRNA水平则低于健康对照组(P=0.0158),但均与AML缓解组无统计学差异。HAI-1、Matriptase mRNA水平在各组中均无明显差异。在高白细胞组中HAI-2 mRNA表达较低(P=0.03902)。结论:HGF/c-Met信号系统在AML中的异常激活,有可能是其上游的调控因子HGFA表达增高和HAI-2表达降低的结果。

不同粗饲料来源饲粮对断奶牦牛犊牛生长性能和免疫器官发育的影响

本试验旨在探讨不同粗饲料来源饲粮对断奶牦牛犊牛生长性能和免疫器官发育的影响。试验选取遗传背景、日龄(45日龄左右)和体重[(36.47±0.99) kg]相近的21头大通牦牛犊牛(公牛),随机分为3组,每组7头牛。苜蓿干草组(AT组)在饲喂代乳粉和开食料的基础上添加苜蓿干草,燕麦干草组(OT组)在饲喂代乳粉和开食料的基础上添加燕麦干草,苜蓿干草和燕麦干草组(AOT组)在饲喂代乳粉和开食料的基础上添加苜蓿干草和燕麦干草(苜蓿干草∶燕麦干草=1∶1)。预试期21 d,正试期120 d。结果表明,1)与AT组和OT组相比,AOT组的终末体重显著升高(P<0.05),料重比显著降低(P<0.05)。2)与AT组和OT组相比,AOT组的脾脏中红髓和白髓界限明显,白髓半径较大,并且脾脏中促吞噬素、干扰素-β和肿瘤坏死因子-α含量显著升高(P<0.05)。3)与AT组和OT组相比,AOT组的胸腺中皮质面积大,并且胸腺中胸腺素β-4、前胸腺素α、胸腺肽、免疫球蛋白G、白细胞介素-1β含量显著升高(P<0.05)。综上所述,相比单一饲喂苜蓿干草或燕麦干草,二者混合饲喂更有利于提高饲料转化率,促进断奶牦牛犊牛的生长发育;同时,苜蓿干草和燕麦干草混合饲喂可以促进脾脏和胸腺器官的发育,提高断奶牦牛犊牛免疫功能。

封丘县典型农田土壤质量与时空变化特征

黄淮海平原作为我国重要的粮食产区,系统全面地评价该区域典型潮土的质量变化,对指导农业生产具有重要意义。以典型潮土分布的封丘县作为研究区,选取1984、2003和2011年的17项土壤指标,基于土壤参与生态过程中作物生产、碳固存、持水净化和养分运移等功能,构建土壤综合质量评价系统,采用主成分分析结合逼近理想点排序法(TOPSIS)计算各功能得分及土壤质量综合指数,通过GIS空间插值描述封丘县27年内潮土耕作区土壤质量和功能的时空变化特征。结果表明:(1)封丘县土壤全氮、全磷、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和有机质含量及阳离子交换量、饱和导水率和孔隙度均呈现不同程度的提升趋势;全钾含量、pH、容重、田间持水量和有效含水量则呈逐年降低趋势;(2)封丘县土壤作物生产、碳固存和养分运移功能得分均有所提升,增长率分别为9.29%、9.68%和7.36%,持水净化功能得分则降低4.17%;(3)封丘县土壤质量综合指数提升较为明显,1984年全县耕地土壤质量综合指数均≤2.0,2003年综合指数>2.0的耕地面积占全县总面积的8.44%,2011年提升至24.05%。整体而言,封丘县该时期的耕地保护和利用模式基本是有效的,封丘县耕地整体质量不断向好的方向发展,相关结果可以为黄淮海地区耕地资源可持续利用提供参考。