Risk Regionalization of Low-temperature Disasters for Flue-cured Tobacco Planting in Qujing Area Based on GIS

There is a prominent,complex and diverse three-dimensional climate and a variety of meteorological disasters in Qujing area. The risk zoning of low-temperature disasters for flue-cured tobacco planting in Qujing area was studied to provide reference for drawing on advantages and avoiding disadvantages in flue-cured tobacco planting,disaster reduction,and disaster relief services. According to the production practice of fluecured tobacco and local climate analysis,it was determined that flue-cured tobacco in Qujing area was very vulnerable to low temperature during the seedling stage（ from early February to middle April） and in the mature period（ from early July to early September）. Based on the quantitative analysis and evaluation of risk of disaster-causing factors,sensitivity of disaster-breeding environment,vulnerability of carriers,and disaster prevention and reduction capability,a risk assessment model of meteorological disasters was established to precisely evaluate and zone the risk of low-temperature disasters for flue-cured tobacco planting in allusion to the seedling and mature stage in Qujing area by using GIS technology. The risk of lowtemperature disasters for flue-cured tobacco planting during the two periods was divided into four grades,namely low,medium,high and very high risk.

Analysis of Disastrous Climate and Its Coping Mechanisms and Measures in the Tobacco-growing Areas of Luzhou

Flue-cured tobacco is one of the main pillar industries for increasing fiscal efficiency and tobacco farmers＇ income in Gulin and Xuyong counties. However, the annual loss caused by natural disasters such as low temperature and rain, rainstorm and flood, high temperature and drought, and hail accounts for about 20%, and they have become one of the important factors restricting the development of tobacco industry in Luzhou. In recent years, a lot of work has been done in disaster prevention and mitigation in the process of flue-cured tobacco production, and cer-tain results have been achieved. However, it still needs further exploration and research in the face of natural disasters that are gradually changing frequently and even develop in a normal way. In this paper, common meteorological disasters in the tobacco-growing areas of Luzhou were ana-lyzed firstly, and then corresponding countermeasures were put forward, which is of great significance to ensure the sustainable and healthy devel-opment of tobacco in Luzhou.

基于GIS的云南烟区冰雹灾害风险评价

基于GIS技术,利用海拔、地形起伏度、1971-2000年各年5-9月平均冰雹发生次数、人均GDP、耕地百分比、平均耕地产值、烤烟种植面积等资料,从敏感性、危险性和易损性3个方面建立云南烟区冰雹灾害风险评价模型,对烟区冰雹灾害风险进行评价。结果表明,云南烟叶主产区曲靖、玉溪、楚雄等地冰雹灾害风险等级较高,需要加强灾害防御;滇西南烟区如思茅、临沧、德宏等地冰雹灾害风险等级较低,可适当增加烤烟种植面积。

不同留杈和追肥措施对受雹灾烤烟的补救效果

对不同追肥量和留杈方式处理组合对受雹灾烤烟的补救效果进行了比较,结果表明:留顶杈、追施210kg/hm2的KNO3对于雹灾烟田烟株的恢复性生长和产量、产值及上等烟比例的综合效果最好。

四川烤烟主产区冰雹灾害风险评估

以四川烤烟主产区冰雹灾害为研究对象,将烤烟气候适应性特征和自然灾害系统论相结合,利用冰雹频率、DEM高程数据、下垫面类型以及农业经济数据等资料,构建冰雹灾害风险评估指标体系,从致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境敏感性、承灾体易损性和抗灾能力4个方面进行分析,最终建立四川烤烟主产区冰雹灾害精细化风险评估模型并计算风险分布指数,借此将攀西烟区划分为由高至低的5个风险区域和1个不适宜种植区。结果表明,安宁河源头河谷地区、雅砻江下游流域以及攀西地区南部的河谷低山区和丘陵区冰雹灾害风险处于较高水平。评估结果为区域烤烟种植结构调整及冰雹灾害防御工作提供了科学指导。

冰雹对烤烟生产的影响及应对措施

回顾了前人对冰雹的研究,探讨了烤烟生育期内雹灾的特点、类型、发生规律及其对烤烟生长发育和产量的影响。针对我国的实际情况,指出了防御雹灾的技术措施,展望了今后的研究方向,以期尽快形成烤烟防灾、抗灾的技术体系,促进我国烤烟生产的可持续发展。

烟草雹灾的补救及预防

详细介绍了烟草雹灾的发生及危害,并对烟草雹灾前后的预防及补救措施进行了总结,为减少或避免冰雹灾害对烟草生产的影响,确保烟叶生产可持续健康发展提供了重要依据。

盐源烤烟冰雹灾害精细化风险区划研究

以1986~2015年盐源所在的攀西地区20个县(市)地面冰雹观测资料为基础,建立了烤烟关键生育期冰雹频次与经度、纬度、海拔高度、坡度和坡向的多元回归方程,结合盐源县烤烟观测资料和2016年社会经济数据,从致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境敏感性、承灾体易损性和防灾减灾能力4个方面,选取烤烟不同生育期的冰雹频次、烤烟播种率、地形、农村经济、土地覆盖等作为区划指标,运用层次分析法建立了盐源县烤烟冰雹灾害的风险区划模型,基于GIS技术完成了盐源县烤烟冰雹灾害风险区划。结果表明,对于盐源县农业用地区域,烤烟冰雹灾害风险等级以中、高等级为主,低风险区域面积较少。

晋宁烟区冰雹灾害时空分布特征及环流形势分析

针对晋宁区2009~2018年6~9月5个乡镇烤烟种植区的冰雹灾害问题,以烟区冰雹灾害分布、烤烟种植及受损面积、经济损失等数据为基础,对烟区冰雹灾害时空分布特征、地形因素对冰雹灾害的影响等进行分析,并对冰雹灾害出现的大气环流背景进行分型。结果表明:晋宁烟区冰雹灾害年际变化大、时空分布极不均匀,7~8月最多,降雹时段主要集中在12~21时,高峰期16~18时;冰雹灾害多发区主要为晋城镇南部、双河乡和夕阳乡山区、二街西北部、六街东南部,且山区明显多于坝区;冰雹灾害风险从高到低依次为:晋城、夕阳、双河、二街、六街;冰雹灾害发生的环流形势主要有:低压活动型44.4%、低压槽型27.0%、低涡型4.8%、切变型3.2%,其他20.6%。

冰雹灾害对松溪县烤烟生产的影响及对策

冰雹灾害是南平市烤烟生产的主要气象灾害之一,多发生在3月至5月烤烟大田生产期间。烟株受冰雹袭击后,轻者叶片形成孔洞,重者主茎折断,叶片砸落,且产生伤口容易感病,烟株倒伏,影响烟叶的产量、质量,造成较大经济损失。根据烤烟生产遭受冰雹灾害的发生时期、为害程度,采取针对性有效的分类补救措施,提出降低或减轻烟农因冰雹灾害带来损失的对策,更好地服务于松溪县的烤烟生产。

威宁烤烟种植主产区冰雹灾害风险评估

根据多年的统计数据,客观地分析了威宁县烤烟生产区域冰雹灾害的分布范围、发生情况及对烤烟生产的危害,为该区域科学防范冰雹灾害,减轻烤烟损失提出了合理化建议。

2021年5月11日嘉禾雹灾过程及烤烟气象服务思考

2021年5月11日嘉禾县北面乡镇出现一次历史罕见的冰雹过程,持续时间长,致灾性强。在这次雹灾的过程中,嘉禾县气象局及时发布预警信息,监测、服务到位,抓住有利时机进行人工防雹作业,最大限度地降低了灾害损失,防灾救灾效果显著,嘉禾县政府和社会对其气象服务给予了充分肯定。通过分析此次冰雹过程的天气形势、预警服务过程及历年冰雹实况资料的雷达回波特征,总结嘉禾烤烟冰雹灾害气象服务指标,并提出针对性的灾后应对措施,为气象服务人员开展相关的气象服务提供参考和借鉴。