Effect of Pelleted Total Mixed Ration on Production Performance and Serum Biochemical Index of Growing Hainan Black Goats

[Objective] The paper was to investigate effects of pelleted total mixed ration on production performance and serum biochemical index of growing Hainan black goats.[Method] Twenty-four growing Hainan black goats with the same genetic backgrounds and similar initial weight of(10.05±0.049) kg were randomly assigned into two treatments, and supplied with Juncao + concentrate(control group), pelleted total mixed ration(experimental group), respectively. The trial lasted 50 d.[Result] The final weight, daily gain and feed intake of experimental group were significantly higher than those of control group(P<0.05), but the feed/gain ratio of experimental group was markedly lower than that of control group(P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the gross profit of experimental group significantly increased( P <0.05).[Conclusion] Pelleted total mixed ration led to better production performance of growing Hainan black goat.

Slaughtering Performance and Meat Quality of Hainan Black Goat and Its Hybrid Offsprings with Nubian Black Goat

In order to compare the slaughter performance and meat quality of Hainan black goats and hybrid offsprings of Nubian Black Goat and Hainan Black Goat, six 7-month-old Hainan black goats and six hybrid offsprings were selected to determine slaughter performance and muscle quality. The results showed that hybridization of Nubian black goat and Hainan black goat significantly improved the production performance and slaughter performance of hybrid offsprings (P>0.05). The meat quality of F1 hybrid black goat had no significant difference with that of Hainan black goat except for the hardness and elasticity (P<0.05). Therefore, the crossbred progenies of Nubian black goat and Hainan black goat have advantages in meat yield and meat performance, and the main meat quality indexes are not significantly different, which meets the market requirements for high-yield and high-quality hybrid combinations, and can be used for cross promotion.

Effect of Pelleted Total Mixed Ration of Different Particle Sizes on Production Performance and Serum Biochemical Index of Fattening Hainan Black Goats

[Objective] The paper to investigate the effects of pelleted total mixed ration of different particle size on production performance and serum biochemical index of fattening Hainan black goats.[Method] Thirty-six fattening Hainan black goats with the same genetic backgrounds and similar initial weight of(19.02±0.22) kg were randomly divided into three treatments. Goats were fed with Juncao+concentrate(control group), pel-leted total mixed ration I(particle size 6 mm, experimental group I) and II(particle size 5 mm, experimental group II), respectively. The trial lasted 45 d.[Result](1) The final weight and daily gain of experimental group II were significantly higher than those of control group( P<0.05), and the daily gain of experimental group II was also higher than that of experimental group I(P<0.05);the feed intake of experimental group II was markedly higher than that of control group(P<0.05), but was significantly lower than that of experimental group I(P<0.05). The feed/gain ratio of experimental group II was significantly lower than those of control group and experimental group I(P<0.05).(2) The feed gain cost of experimental group II was markedly lower than that of control group(P<0.05), but the gross profit was significantly higher than those of control group and experimental group I(P<0.05).(3) Compared with the control group, the serum total protein content of experimental group II increased markedly( P<0.05) while the urea nitrogen level decreased(P>0.05).[Conclusion] The pelleted total mixed ration with the particle size of 5 mm obtained better fattening ef-fect, and obviously improved the serum total protein level.

Meat Quality Characteristics of Hainan Black Goat and Its Hybrid with Nubian Black Goat

[Objective] The paper was to understand the meat quality characteristics of Hainan black goat and its hybrid with Nubian black goat. [Method]Four 6-month-old Hainan black goats and Hainan black goat × Nubian black goat F1 were slaughtered respectively,and the contents of crude protein,total fat,moisture,amino acids,mineral elements( Se,Zn and Mn) and fatty acid were determined. [Result]There was no significant difference in total fat,crude fat and moisture content in muscle of Hainan black goat × Nubian black goat F1 and Hainan black goat( P > 0. 05). The Fe content in the muscle of Hainan black goat × Nubian black goat F1 was significantly higher than that in Hainan black goat( P < 0. 05). There was no significant difference in EAA,NEAA,TAA and FAA between Hainan black goat × Nubian black goat F1 and Hainan black goat( P > 0. 05). The C17∶ 0 methyl heptadecanoate content in the muscle of Hainan black goat × Nubian black goat F1 was extremely lower than that in Hainan black goat( P < 0. 01),but the saturated fatty acid content and total unsaturated fatty acid content in the muscle of Hainan black goat × Nubian black goat F1 was lower than that in Hainan black goat( P > 0. 05). [Conclusion]The meat quality characteristics of Hainan black goat × Nubian black goat F1 had little difference with its female parent,and the goal of breeding had been basically achieved.

Effect of Pelleted Total Mixed Ration with Different Concentrate-roughage Ratios on Production Performance and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Fattening Hainan Black Goats

[Objective] This paper was to study effects of pelleted total mixed ration with different concentrate-roughage ratios on production performance and serum biochemical parameters of fattening Hainan black goats.[Method] Thirty-six fattening Hainan black goats with the same genetic background and similar initial weight of(14.08±0.13) kg were randomly assigned into three treatments. Goats were fed with Juncao + concentrate(control group), pelleted total mixed ration I(concentrate: roughage 50 ∶50, group Ⅰ) and Ⅱ(concentrate: roughage 45∶55, group Ⅱ), respectively. The test lasted 45 d.[Result] The final weight, daily gain and feed intake of rams in experimental group Ⅰ were significantly higher than those of control group and experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05);the final weight and daily gain of rams in experimental group Ⅰ were also markedly higher than those of experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05);the feed/gain of rams in experimental group Ⅰ was significantly lower than those in control group and experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05). The feed gain cost of rams in experimental group Ⅰ was markedly lower than that in experimental group Ⅱ( P<0.05), but was significantly higher than that in experimental group Ⅰ(P<0.05);the gross profit of rams in experimental group Ⅰ was significantly higher than those in control group and experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05). Compared with control group and experimental group Ⅱ, the serum total protein and glucose lev-els in experimental group Ⅱ increased significantly(P<0.05), but the urea nitrogen content reduced(P>0.05).[Conclusion] When the concentrateroughage ratio of pelleted total mixed ration was 50∶50, the fattening effect of Hainan black goat was better, and the serum total protein and glucose levels were evidently improved.

不同处理方法对海南黑山羊同期发情效果和繁殖性能的影响

为探讨不同处理方法对海南黑山羊同期发情效果和繁殖性能的影响。随机选取海南省某规模化养羊场的120头(35~50)kg海南黑山羊,分为2次注射氯前列烯醇(PG)法、孕酮阴道栓(CIDR)+孕马血清促性腺激素(PMSG)二联法、CIDR+PMSG+PG三联法3种不同的处理方法,诱导发情试验结束后,分别观察3组羊的发情情况和繁殖性能。结果显示,3组试验羊的同期发情率差异显著,且试验组C海南黑山羊同期发情率显著高于试验组A和试验组B(P<0.05);试验组A母羊发情时间主要集中在48~72 h,试验组B和试验组C母羊发情时间主要集中在24~48 h;试验组C母羊的受胎率和产羔率均显著高于试验组A和试验组B(P<0.05);待分娩后,3组试验母羊初生的羔羊平均初生重差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果表明,应用CIDR+PMSG+PG三联法处理方法能够显著提高海南黑山羊同期发情效果和繁殖性能,为今后提高海南黑山羊同期发情效果和繁殖性能提供了参考依据。

海南黑山羊与其F1代杂交羊皮下脂肪转录组测序比较分析

为了研究海南黑山羊与其F1代杂交羊(努比亚山羊公羊与海南黑山羊母羊杂交)皮下脂肪组织的遗传差异,本研究采用RNA-Seq技术和生物信息学方法对2种山羊皮下脂肪组织进行转录组测序分析,运用DESeq鉴定2种山羊皮下脂肪组织间差异表达的mRNAs和lncRNAs,对差异表达的mRNAs进行GO功能、KEGG通路富集分析,同时对差异表达的lncRNAs进行靶基因预测分析。结果显示:海南黑山羊与其F1代杂交羊皮下脂肪间存在330个差异表达的mRNAs,其中4个基因在F1代杂交羊皮下脂肪中特异表达、1个基因在海南黑山羊皮下脂肪中特异表达,在330个差异表达的mRNAs中,根据差异倍数大小,排名前10位的基因分别是PLXDC1、AOC1、SHROOM3、NTS、SPATS2、LOC102181165、BDKRB2、GSDMA、ETNK2、EPOR;存在138个差异表达的lncRNAs,其中9个在F1代杂交羊皮下脂肪中特异表达、5个在海南黑山羊皮下脂肪中特异表达。此外,本研究共获得143个差异表达lncRNAs顺式作用靶基因和135个差异表达lncRNAs反式作用靶基因。本研究为进一步研究山羊皮下脂肪沉积的遗传机理提供科学依据。

羊源产酸克雷伯菌的分离鉴定及感染小鼠的转录组学研究

【目的】分离鉴定羊源产酸克雷伯菌,探讨产酸克雷伯菌对动物的致病机制。【方法】采集海南黑山羊肺脏组织样品进行细菌分离培养,通过生化试验及16S rRNA基因检测方法对分离株进行鉴定,并对分离菌进行药敏试验、小鼠致病性试验、RNA-Seq分析和差异表达基因(DEGs)分析。【结果】分离出1株革兰阴性短杆状细菌,胰蛋白胨大豆琼脂培养基上为光滑圆形的乳白色菌落。分离菌能分解葡萄糖、乳糖、蔗糖等几种碳水化合物,靛基质试验阳性。16S rRNA基因检测结果显示,分离株与已公布序列的相似性>99%,鉴定该分离菌为产酸克雷伯菌,命名为KOHN1。药敏试验结果显示,分离菌KOHN1对青霉素、苯唑青霉素、氨苄青霉素、羧苄青霉素、头孢氨苄、麦迪霉素、万古霉素和克林霉素具有耐药性,而对于其余21种抗菌药敏感。分离菌KOHN1攻毒小鼠后,肺脏组织病理学切片观察到小鼠肺部充血、水肿和渗出等急性炎症。DEGs富集分析显示,炎症细胞因子和趋化因子的DEGs在小鼠肺脏中大量表达。【结论】本试验成功分离出1株产酸克雷伯菌,分离株对小鼠致病性较强,免疫反应通路在病菌侵染过程中发挥着重要作用。该研究结果为后续产酸克雷伯菌的临床预防、诊疗及药物研发提供了参考依据。

葡萄籽原花青素对海南黑山羊生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质及抗氧化性能的影响

试验旨在研究葡萄籽原花青素对海南黑山羊生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和抗氧化性能的影响。选取40只健康的海南黑山羊去势公羔,随机分为2组,每组20个重复,每个重复1只羊。对照组黑山羊饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在饲喂基础饲粮上添加20 mg/kg BW的葡萄籽原花青素。预试期7 d,正式试验期90 d。结果显示,与对照组相比,试验组黑山羊的末重、平均日增重、肉重,肌肉pH_(24 h)值、熟肉率、肌肉红度以及血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著升高(P<0.05);试验组黑山羊的料重比、肌肉滴水损失、肌肉剪切力和血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05);试验组黑山羊的肌肉粗蛋白含量极显著提高(P<0.01)。研究表明,葡萄籽原花青素能够有效提高海南黑山羊的生长性能、屠宰性能和血清抗氧化能力,并能改善肌肉品质。

海南黑山羊体尺与体重的通径分析及最优回归模型的建立

本文运用SAS软件分别分析了海南后备黑山羊和成年黑山羊的体尺与体重间的相关、体尺对体重的直接和间接影响以及体尺对体重的决定程度,最后建立了体重与体尺的最优回归模型。结果表明胸围是影响海南黑山羊体重的最主要的体尺因素。选择海南黑山羊快长系时应在选择体重的同时,加强对胸围的选择力度。海南黑山羊后备羊及成年羊体尺对体重的最优回归模型分别为:Y=-45.1117+0.2909X2+0.4115X3+0.6781X4+0.6815X6和Y=-46.3559+0.1802X2+0.4448X3+0.7701X4+0.8720X6。

不同营养水平日粮对海南黑山羊肥育羔羊生长性能和器官指数的影响

试验旨在研究不同营养水平日粮对海南黑山羊肥育羔羊生长性能和器官指数的影响。采用2×3析因设计,将24只3月龄、体重为(10.56±1.28)kg海南黑山羊随机分成6个处理组,每个处理组4只羊(公、母各半),每只羊为1个重复。6个不同营养水平精饲料处理组分别为:试验1组粗蛋白质(CP)水平为15%、消化能(DE)水平为11.72 MJ/kg,试验2组CP15%、DE 12.55MJ/kg,试验3组CP 15%、DE 13.39 MJ/kg,试验4组CP 17%、DE 11.72 MJ/kg,试验5组CP 17%、DE12.55MJ/kg,试验6组CP 17%、DE 13.39MJ/kg,试验期90d。结果表明,精饲料粗蛋白质水平对试验羊平均日增重影响显著(P<0.05),17%CP日粮组试验羊有较高的平均日增重(P<0.05)和较低的料重比(P<0.05);日粮精饲料蛋白质和能量水平对心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、胃的脏器指数影响均不显著(P>0.05),随着精饲料消化能水平的增加,肠道的脏器指数逐渐减小(P<0.05)。结果提示,补饲不同营养水平精饲料对3月龄海南黑山羊育肥期羔羊平均日增重和料重比均有显著影响(P<0.05),对黑山羊肠道重量及肠道器官指数影响显著(P<0.05),而对其他内脏器官指数无显著影响(P>0.05)。

日粮中青贮甘蔗尾叶替代不同比例王草对海南黑山羊生长性能、养分表观消化率及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中青贮甘蔗尾叶替代不同比例王草对海南黑山羊生长性能、养分表观消化率及血清生化指标的影响。选用20只平均体重（6.96±0.49）kg的3月龄海南黑山羊羔羊（公、母各半）,随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复1只羔羊。对照组饲喂基础日粮,基础日粮包括精饲料和粗饲料,粗饲料为王草;试验1~4组分别在粗饲料中以青贮甘蔗尾叶替代25%、50%、75%、100%王草。预试期5d,正试期30d。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验3组粗饲料干物质采食量和平均干物质日采食量显著升高（P〈0.05）,各组间平均日增重、精饲料干物质采食量和料重比均无显著差异（P〉0.05）;与对照组相比,试验3组粗灰分、磷表观消化率显著升高（P〈0.05）,试验4组粗灰分、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、钙表观消化率显著升高（P〈0.05）,试验3、4组间差异不显著（P〉0.05）;各组间黑山羊血清生化指标均无显著差异（P〉0.05）。综上所述,粗饲料中青贮甘蔗尾叶替代一定比例王草可在一定程度上改善黑山羊生长性能,提高养分表观消化率,且对其血清生化指标无不利影响,其中粗饲料中用青贮甘蔗尾叶替代75%王草时饲喂效果最佳。

不同能氮水平日粮对生长期海南黑山羊血液生化指标的影响

试验选用12只生长期海南黑山羊断奶羔羊(约4月龄)分成4组,采用4×4拉丁方设计,以适宜于发展中国家的山羊饲养标准为参考设计了4种能氮比的日粮,分别为日粮1、2、3、4。探讨不同日粮能氮水平对海南黑山羊血液生化指标的影响。结果表明,饲喂日粮2山羊血液中的总蛋白较日粮1、日粮3和日粮4的实验羊显著降低;白蛋白显著降低;尿素含量最高,日粮2与日粮1、日粮3差异不显著,显著高于日粮4;葡萄糖含量,日粮2与日粮3无显著差异,与日粮1、日粮4差异显著;甘油三酯与总胆固醇均成上升趋势,日粮2最低,日粮4最高;谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶和球蛋白含量均无显著差异。

日粮营养水平对海南黑山羊肥育羔羊日粮养分表观消化率的影响

试验旨在研究不同营养水平精料补饲对海南黑山羊肥育羔羊的日粮养分表观消化率的影响。选择3月龄、体重相近的海南黑山羊24只,随机分成6个处理组,每个处理组4只羊。设计2个粗蛋白质水平(15%和17%)和3个消化能水平(11.72、12.55、13.39MJ/kg)的精料补充料,自由采食,试验期90d。结果表明:日粮蛋白质水平对黑山羊日均干物质、能量、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)采食量无显著影响(P>0.05),日粮消化能水平对黑山羊日均粗脂肪、粗灰分和钙、磷、NDF和ADF采食量影响显著(P<0.05);日粮蛋白质水平对黑山羊日粮中各养分的表观消化率无显著影响(P>0.05);随着日粮中消化能水平的增加,能量、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、ADF和NDF的表观消化率亦随之增加(P<0.05)。结果表明,日粮蛋白质水平对黑山羊日粮中各养分表观消化率无显著影响,而日粮能量水平对日粮中能量、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、ADF和NDF的表观消化率影响显著。

海南黑山羊MSTN基因的表达差异与发育性变化研究

采用SYBR Green实时荧光定量PCR技术检测了MSTN基因在2、3、4月龄和12月龄海南黑山羊腿肌、腰肌和背肌组织中mRNA表达发育性变换规律,为揭示MSTN基因的生物学功能及其对肉质的表达调控机理提供参考依据。结果表明,在海南黑山羊的四个生长阶段,MSTN基因均在背肌里的表达量最高,腿肌里的表达量较低,表达模式为:背肌>腰肌>腿肌;腿肌和腰肌在2月龄时,表达量较低,3月龄时极显著升高(P<0.01),4月龄时又极显著下降(P<0.01),12月龄时又极显著升高(P<0.01);表达模式为:12月龄>3月龄>4月龄>2月龄;背肌在2月龄时表达量也较低,3月龄时极显著升高(P<0.01),达到最高水平,4月龄时又极显著下降(P<0.01),12月龄时有所上升,但差异不显著(P>0.05),表达模式为:3月龄>12月龄>4月龄>2月龄。

海南黑山羊生长期的能量与蛋白质需要量

试验选用12只海南黑山羊断奶羔羊(约4月龄),采用饲养试验和消化代谢试验,研究生长期海南黑山羊的能量和蛋白质需要量及其代谢规律。试验羊分成4组,采用4×4拉丁方设计。按照Keral(1982)适宜于发展中国家的山羊饲养标准为参考设计了高能高氮、低能高氮、高能低氮、低能低氮4种能氮比的日粮。结果表明:舍饲海南黑山羊生长期干物质采食量与代谢体重和日增重的关系为DMI(g/d)=27.18W0.75+0.83△W+210.76(r=0.8916);总能、消化能、粗蛋白质和可消化蛋白质需要量的估测模型分别为GEI(MJ/d)=0.82W0.75+0.028△W+3.76(r=0.7804),DEI(MJ/d)=0.59W0.75+0.021△W-0.24(r=0.6651),CPI(g/d)=2.45W0.75+0.26△W+22.14(r=0.5712),DCP(g/d)=2.69W0.75+0.03△W-0.38(r=0.6605);生长期海南黑山羊日粮总能代谢率平均为58.88%,粗蛋白的消化率平均为57.08%,净蛋白利用率平均为35.25%,每增重1g体沉积蛋白质需要量为0.37g。

多杀性巴氏杆菌的分离鉴定及其系统进化分析

海南某养殖场的黑山羊出现体温升高、咳嗽、呼吸困难、偶尔伴有腹泻症状。为了诊断,采集病死羊肺脏组织,进行细菌的分离培养。对分离得到的细菌进行形态学观察、生化反应鉴定、细菌16S rRNA测序、特异性引物PCR鉴定、小鼠攻毒试验以及系统进化分析。结果确定该患病黑山羊感染了D型多杀性巴氏杆菌,并确定该菌对甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲噁唑、左氧氟沙星、四环素、庆大霉素、阿莫西林敏感。系统进化分析发现,该株多杀性巴氏杆菌与河北、湖北、重庆等地分离菌株的亲缘关系较近。本试验为海南黑山羊流行性疾病诊断提供了重要的资料。

季节和生长阶段对海南黑山羊采食量的影响

为明确季节和生长阶段对舍饲海南黑山羊采食量的影响,本试验选择不同生长阶段海南黑山羊,在夏季和冬季进行饲养实验,对其采食量进行测定。结果表明:不同季节和不同生长阶段海南黑山羊采食量均存在差异;季节影响海南黑山羊采食量,对酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)采食量有显著影响,对粗脂肪(EE)采食量有极显著影响;生长阶段对海南黑山羊干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)、粗蛋白(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)采食量有极显著的影响;季节和生长阶段存在明显的互作效应,对DM、OM、CP、EE、NDF和ADF的采食量均有极显著的影响。本试验可为海南黑山羊高效养殖提供理论依据。

精粗比对海南黑山羊生长性能和血液指标的影响

为探讨不同精粗比日粮对海南黑山羊生长性能,血液指标及经济效益的影响,选取身体健康体重约10kg生长期海南黑山羊30只,随机分为6组,分为对照组CK(精料、粗料分开饲喂,精粗比50∶50)、全混合日粮组(40∶60,45∶55,50∶50,55∶45,60∶40),每组5只羊,试验期30d。结果显示,饲喂全混合日粮可以显著提高平均日增重、总增重,降低料重比(P<0.05),对采食量影响不显著(P>0.05),精粗比40∶60处理组,平均日增重、总增重最高,料重比最低。不同处理试验羊血液白蛋白、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶含量差异均不显著(P>0.05),血液总蛋白、球蛋白、胆固醇、甘油三酯、尿素、葡萄糖含量有不同的影响(P<0.05)。饲喂全混合日粮提高了纯收入、投入产出比,精粗比40∶60处理组经济效益最好。综合考虑生长性能、血液指标和经济效益,海南黑山羊饲喂全混合日粮优于精料、粗饲料分开饲喂,精粗比为40∶60的全混合日粮时,生长性能、经济效益最好。

海南黑山羊血液生化指标与其肌间脂肪含量及肌纤维直径的相关分析

为研究利用血液生化指标间接选育海南黑山羊肉质的可能性,用SAS软件分别分析了海南黑山羊的血液生化指标与其肌间脂肪含量和肌纤维直径的相关、血液生化指标对肌间脂肪含量和肌纤维直径的直接和间接影响以及血液生化指标对肌间脂肪含量和肌纤维直径的决定程度,建立海南黑山羊血液生化指标与其肌间脂肪含量和肌纤维直径的最优回归模型。结果表明:①球蛋白与肌间脂肪含量呈极显著的负相关(r=-0.4945,P<0.01),球蛋白对肌间脂肪含量的决策系数最大,是影响肌间脂肪含量的最主要因素;葡萄糖与肌纤维直径呈显著的负相关(r=-0.4014,P<0.05),葡萄糖对肌纤维直径的决策系数最大,是影响肌纤维直径的最主要因素。因此,选择血液中球蛋白低的羊只有利于形成肌间脂肪丰富的海南黑山羊新品系;选择血液中葡萄糖高的羊只有利于形成肌纤维直径细的海南黑山羊新品系。②海南黑山羊各血液生化指标对其肌间脂肪和肌纤维直径的最优回归模型分别为Y1=0.6000X1-0.1611X2-0.6238X3+0.1816X4-0.0586X5-0.0849X6-0.0691X7和Y2=-0.0763X1+0.0629X2+0.2348X3-0.3403X4-0.3919X5+0.3140X6-0.2174X7。