Recent progress in hair follicle stem cell markers and their regulatory roles

Hair follicle stem cells(HFSCs)in the bulge are a multipotent adult stem cell population.They can periodically give rise to new HFs and even regenerate the epidermis and sebaceous glands during wound healing.An increasing number of biomarkers have been used to isolate,label,and trace HFSCs in recent years.Considering more detailed data from single-cell transcriptomics technology,we mainly focus on the important HFSC molecular markers and their regulatory roles in this review.

Peptide Cy_(RL-QN15)accelerates hair regeneration in diabetic mice by binding to the Frizzled-7 receptor

Individuals with diabetes frequently face serious challenges,including delayed wound healing and increased risk of infection.Notably,the regeneration of hair follicles plays a crucial role in accelerating diabetic skin damage repair,reducing the risk of infection,and enhancing overall skin health.Research has predominantly emphasized the re-epithelialization of diabetic wounds,with a paucity of in-depth studies on hair follicle regeneration.In the current study,we explored the effects of a bioactive amphibian-derived peptide,Cy_(RL-QN15),on promoting hair regeneration in a diabetic skin model.In vivo experiments demonstrated that local treatment with Cy_(RL-QN15)not only accelerated wound healing of scalded skin on the backs of diabetic Kunming(KM)mice but also improved growth of damaged hair follicles.Additionally,back-shaved diabetic C57BL/6 mice showed a significant increase in the growth of newly formed hair after 28 days of continuous Cy_(RL-QN15)treatment.Further analysis indicated that the hairregenerating effects of Cy_(RL-QN15)were closely associated with the proliferation and migration of hair follicle stem cells(HFSCs).Cy_(RL-QN15)enhanced intracellularβ-catenin expression by binding to the Frizzled-7 receptor on the surface of HFSCs.The up-regulation inβ-catenin modulated the levels of downstream proteins,such as cMYC,Cyclin D1,and Lef1,ultimately inducing hair regeneration.This study not only reveals the robust effects of the bioactive peptide Cy_(RL-QN15)in hair follicle regeneration but also provides novel avenues for the development of more targeted and effective therapeutics for diabetic wound healing in the future.

Bhlhe40 protects cochlear hair cell-like HEI-OC1 cells against H_(2)O_(2) ‑triggered oxidative injury

Background:Cochlear hair cell injury is a common pathological feature of hearing loss.The basic helix-loop-helix family,member e40(Bhlhe40),a gene belonging to the basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)family,exhibits strong transcriptional repression activity.Methods:Oxidative damage,in House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1(HEI-OC1)cells,was caused using hydrogen peroxide(H2O2).The Ad-Bhlhe40 particles were constructed to overexpress Bhlhe40 in HEI-OC1 cells.Various assays including cell counting kit-8(CCK-8),terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling assay(TUNEL),flow cytometry,immunofluorescence,and corresponding commercial kits were employed to investigate the impacts of Bhlhe40 on cell viability,apoptosis,oxidative stress levels,mitochondrial membrane potential and cellular senescence.Additionally,a dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to confirm the targeting of the histone deacetylases 2(Hdac2)by Bhlhe40.Results:The results revealed that Bhlhe40 was downregulated in H_(2)O_(2)-treated HEI-OC1 cells,but its overexpression improved cell viability and mitigated H_(2)O_(2)-induced oxidative injury in HEI-OC1 cells with increase of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT)and glutathione peroxidase(GPx)activities and decrease of reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels.Besides,overexpression of Bhlhe40 suppressed H_(2)O_(2)-triggered cell senescence,as evidenced by the fact that the upregulation of P53,P21,and P16 in HEI-OC1 cells treated with H2O2 were all alleviated by Bhlhe40 overexpression.And we further verified that overexpression of Bhlhe40 could inhibit the expression of Hdac2,which may be related to the repression of Hdac2 transcription.Conclusion:This study suggests that Bhlhe40 plays a protective role against senescence and oxidative damage in cochlear hair cells exposed to H2O2.

Efficacy Evaluation Method of Hair Removal Cream

To explore the efficacy evaluation method of depilatory cream.60 subjects were selected as subjects,and statistical analysis was carried out on the depilation effect of large samples.The hair was removed with a razor in the control area and with depilation cream in the sample area,Antera 3D skin imaging analyzer was used to image the experimental area before and after the experiment,and the hair growth was dynamically monitored at 7,14,21 and 28 days,measure the length of hair with instrument and measure the number of people.The hair length change rate and hair inhibition rate were dynamically monitored in 28 days.The hair length change rate was-10.5%and hair inhibition rate was 93.3%after 28 days,more intuitive display of the product depilation effect,so as to determine the efficacy of depilation products evaluation method.

认知隐喻视角下“头发”和“hair”的对比探究

认知隐喻学认为身体是人类认识世界、理解世界的中介,在此基础上身体词被赋予了诸多隐喻。选取身体词“头发”和“hair”进行对比分析,借助CCL和COCA语料库,结合两国不同文化背景,分析“头发”和“hair”隐喻色彩的异同。研究发现,“头发”和“hair”基本释义相同,也都拥有年龄色彩和情感色彩,但“头发”还拥有“hair”所不具备的器官色彩。在分析原因时,借助体认语言学的相关理论指出器官构造的高度相似导致体验感的高度相似,不同文化和价值观念导致语言加工的差异。

Determinants of Occipital Involvement in Males and Females with Pattern Hair Loss: A Retrospective Study

Background: Pattern hair loss (PHL) is the most common form of hair loss affecting both men and women. The occipital region, located at the back of the scalp, has been considered resistant to hair loss in PHL. It is often used as a donor site for hair transplantation procedures. However, evidence suggests that the occipital region may also be affected by PHL, although to a lesser extent compared to the frontal and vertex regions. Objective: To assess the levels and determinants of occipital involvement in PHL, focusing on gender and disease severity. Such data would enhance the comprehensive understanding of PHL progression and inform development of improved treatment strategies. Methods: This retrospective study involved 1993 adults (1000 males, 993 females) following for PHL at a specialized hair clinic in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Any patient who had hair transplantation in the past and any male who had balding areas (Hamilton-Norwood scales 4 to 7) at the initial consultation was excluded. The primary outcome was occipital involvement, defined as >10% thin hairs in the trichometry assessments of the occipital region. Additional data included patients age, treatment status, disease severity, and other trichometry parameters. Results: The prevalence of occipital involvement was found to be 23.8% overall, significantly more frequent in females (35.6%) than males with early PHL (Hamilton-Norwood scales 2 and 3) (12.1%) (p Conclusion: This study underscored the relevance of gender and disease severity in occipital involvement in PHL. Females had significantly higher rates of occipital involvement, suggesting that gender differences are critical in understanding PHL progression. Future research should aim to validate these findings, with an aim to refine therapeutic and surgical approaches to improve patient outcomes.

基于“皮-肺-肠”轴理论中药保留灌肠治疗变态反应性皮肤病

目的观察基于“皮-肺-肠”轴理论中药保留灌肠治疗变态反应性皮肤病的临床疗效。方法选择湿疹、特应性皮炎、慢性荨麻疹患者各80例,随机将每种疾病患者各分为观察组与对照组,每组各40例。治疗过程中,荨麻疹观察组1例灌肠后腹痛不适,停药后缓解,退出研究。各对照组予维生素C注射液、葡萄糖酸钙注射液静脉滴注,盐酸左西替利嗪片口服等常规治疗方法治疗。各观察组在对照组基础上联合中药保留灌肠治疗。各组疗程均15 d。比较各组皮损及瘙痒缓解情况,IL-4、总IgE、EOS等变态反应性指标水平。记录各组不良反应发生情况。结果治疗后,各病种观察组瘙痒改善程度明显优于对照组(P<0.05);湿疹、特应性皮炎观察组EASI评分改善程度优于对照组(P<0.05);慢性荨麻疹USA7评分改善程度优于对照组(P<0.05);各观察组血清变态反应性指标改善程度均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论葛根芩连汤加味灌肠方保留灌肠治疗湿疹、特应性皮炎、慢性荨麻疹等变态反应性疾病安全有效。

Effects of Different Culture Condition in vitro on Growth of Cashmere Goat Primary Hair Follicles

[Objective] The aim of this study is to lay a foundation for illustrating the biological characteristics and growth regulation mechanism of hair follicles.[Method]Cashmere goat primary hair follicles were separated under aseptic condition and cultured in serum-free DMEM and serum-free Williams E media respectively;subsequently,the growth rate and morphological changes were observed under the inverted microscope.[Result]Hair follicles cultured in serum-free DMEM media showed a growth rate of 0.034 mm/d during the first 3 days,whose structure and morphological characteristics could maintian a stable status for a long time in the growth process.Hair follicles grew much faster in the serum-free Williams E media with a growth rate of 0.077 mm/d during the first 3 days.[Conclusion]There were significant differences(P<0.05)between the growth of cashmere goat hair follicles cultured in the 2 kinds of media.Serum-free Williams E medium was superior to serum-free DMEM medium.

Comparison between the Medullary Indexes of Hairs from Apodemus orestes and A.draco,with Discussion about the Taxonomic Status of A.orestes

The taxonomic status of long-tailed field mouse (Apodemus orestes) is still uncertain up to now.Some scholars regarded it as a subspecies or a synonym of dragon field mouse (A.draco),while other scholars considered it a valid species.In the study,five specimens of adult long-tailed field mouse,dragon field mouse and Chevrier's field mouse (A.chevrieri) (as a contrast) were chosen respectively.After treated,with the eyepiece micrometer in the inverted microscope,we made measurements of the widths of hairs and medullas and then calculated the medullary indexes of straight guard hairs from around the mouth,head,back,abdomen and forelimb of each species.The results indicate that,viewing at each of the five parts and the mixture of the five parts,there are no significant differences between A.orestes and A.draco,Significant differences can be found between A.orestes & A.chevrieri and A.draco & A.chevrieri though.The standpoint that A.orestes was listed as a valid species is not supported by this study.

毛囊类器官研究:现状、问题与前景

背景:毛囊体外重建依赖于毛乳头细胞及角质形成细胞3D共培养时的自组装行为,该过程与毛囊胚胎发育极为相似,因此,毛囊类器官可作为毛囊再生相关基础研究良好的体外模型,目前,通过仿生系统培养的全人源毛囊类器官已能成功移植到动物体内。毛囊类器官研究使毛囊再生成为可能,但构建方法亦无统一定论,仍面临诸多挑战。目的:综述目前毛囊类器官的研究进展,总结毛囊类器官培养方法及表征,阐述应用前景,为后续研究提供可靠依据,以期促进其在组织工程及脱发治疗的临床转化。方法:应用计算机在中国知网(CNKI)及PubMed数据库中,以“毛囊再生,毛发再生,类器官”为中文检索词,“hair growth,hair loss,hair regeneration,hair follicle,dermal papilla cell,organoid”为英文检索词进行检索,查阅国内外关于毛囊类器官的相关文献,共纳入文献67篇进行后续分析。结果与结论:①不同来源的毛乳头细胞与角质形成细胞可在体外构建毛囊类器官,以获得鼠源、人-鼠嵌合及人源毛囊类器官,并成功用于啮齿动物移植模型;②多种重编程方法如电刺激、添加重组蛋白、解离细胞基因过表达等可用于促进毛囊类器官毛胚形成及毛钉伸长,同时,多种3D打印技术的应用已实现大小可控毛囊类器官的批量生产,极大提高了生产效率;③在解离细胞共培养体系中加入黑素细胞时,或可破译新生毛囊的色素缺失难题,而加入人脐静脉血管内皮细胞时,细胞聚集体内的新生血管可改善营养供给,减少中心部位坏死;④随着工程化类毛囊技术逐渐趋于成熟,患者自体细胞构建的毛囊类器官或可用于严重脱发的个体化医疗。

Effects of Estradiol on Cashmere Goat Primary Hair Follicles Cultured in vitro

[Objective] The aim of this study was to preliminarily explore the effects of estradiol on morphology and growth of cashmere goat primary hair follicles. [Method] Cashmere goat primary hair follicles were cultured in serum-free Williams E media supplemented with different doses of 17 β-E2 (0, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, 100.0 nmol/L), and their growth rates and morphological changes were observed. [Result] The growth rate of 0.1 nmol/L 17 β-E2 group was quite comparable with that of the control group(0 nmol/L), but the 17 β-E2 with concentrations of 1.0, 10.0 and 100.0 nmol/L displayed different degrees of inhibition on the growth of hair follicles. Different morphological changes of hair follicles could also be discovered in different concentration treatments. [Conclusion] The study laid a certain foundation for exploring the regulation mechanism of estrogen on growth of cashmere goat hair follicles.

Comparison on Several Methods for Extracting DNA from Raccoon Dog Hair Follicle

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate a reliable method for DNA ex- traction from Wusuli raccoon dog＇s hair. [Method] Several DNA extraction methods were used to extract DNA from Wusuli raccoon dog hair, including Chelex-100 method, PCR buffer method, organic phenol-chloroform method and centrifugal col- umn type kit method. The extracted DNA was analyzed by using PCR amplification and electrophoresis to compare these four DNA extraction methods. [Result] Accord- ing to the results of spectrophotometer detection and gel electrophoresis, nucleic acid extracted by Chetex-100 method had proteins and other impurities; nucleic acid ex- tracted by PCR buffer method was low in concentration; however, DNA extracted by organic phenol-chloroform method and centrifugal column type kit was high in con- centration with no impurity band. [Conclusion] This study had laid the strong founda- tion of scientific theory to further explore the efficient and simple method for extracting DNA from Wusuli raccoon dog hair follicle.

脐带间充质干细胞在噪声性耳聋听力保护中的作用

目的探讨人脐带间充质干细胞(human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells,hUC-MSCs)经尾静脉注射对噪声性耳聋小鼠听力和耳蜗毛细胞的干预作用。方法通过hUC-MSCs的原代分离与培养,获得具有间充质干细胞特性的细胞群。选取6周龄听力正常的雄性C57BL/6J小鼠15只,将其随机分为对照组、噪声暴露组、噪声暴露+hUC-MSCs组各5只。3组小鼠分别在噪声暴露前1 d及暴露后第1、3、7、14 d进行听性脑干反应(auditory brainstem response,ABR)测试,评估听力阈值。实验结束后,以颈椎脱位法处死小鼠,取出耳蜗进行固定、脱钙和基底膜铺片,再使用Alexa Flour 488-Phalloidin和4’,6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚二盐酸盐(4',6-diamidine-2'-phenylindole dihydrochloride,DAPI)进行免疫荧光染色,评估听觉毛细胞损伤情况。结果人脐带中分离培养出的间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)具有贴壁生长特性、符合鉴定标准。噪声暴露后,噪声暴露组、噪声暴露+hUC-MSCs组短声,8、16、32 kHz时ABR阈值均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。噪声暴露+hUC-MSCs组短声,8、16 kHz时ABR阈值低于噪声暴露组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),噪声暴露+hUCMSCs组32 kHz时ABR阈值与噪声暴露组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。噪声暴露后,噪声暴露组与噪声暴露+hUC-MSCs组耳蜗顶回OHCs仍排列整齐,无明显缺失,中回OHCs可见部分缺失,底回OHCs大量缺失,残余OHCs排列明显不规则,噪声暴露+hUC-MSCs组中回、底回OHCs损伤程度轻于噪声暴露组,小鼠耳蜗OHCs缺失率从顶回至底回呈现指数增加趋势,噪声暴露+hUC-MSCs组OHCs缺失率低于噪声暴露组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论经尾静脉注射间充质干细胞,可有效改善噪声暴露小鼠的听觉功能,减轻耳蜗毛细胞损伤。

Hair and Villus Production Performance of Tianzhu White Yak

[ Objective ] To analyze the hair and villus production performance of Tianzhu white yak and thus provide conditions for the genetic breed ing and product development. [Method] The hair and villus yield as well as villus rate of male and female Tianzhu white yaks from one year to six years old was detected and the villus yield was also determined. And these indexes of hair and villus were analyzed to evaluate the production per formance. [ Result] In Tianzhu white yaks from one year to two years old, the hair and villus yield was lower, but the villus rate and yield were high er. The hair and villus yield, villus rate, and villus yield were all higher in Tianzhu white yaks from three years to six years old but significantly de creased in 7yearold Tianzhu white yaks. In addition, the hair and villus yield was significantly （ P 〈 0.05） or very significantly （ P 〈 0.01 ） higher in male yaks than in female yaks. The villus rate was very significantly （ P 〈0.01 ） higher than in female yaks from five years to seven years old than in male yaks at the same age. [ Conclusion] Tianzhu white yaks from one year to two years old have the best hair and villus production perform ance; Tianzhu white yaks from three years to six years old are in the main phase of hair and villus production; Tianzhu white yaks older than seven years old should not be used for hair and villus production.

Microscopic Structure of Rabbit Hair

[Objective] The paper was to explore the microscopic structure of rabbit hair. [Method] Single rabbit hair with typical features was selected to observe its mi- croscopic structure from tip to root, and its fiber diameter was also measured. [Result] The rabbit hair tip was constituted by scale layer and cortical layer, without medullary layer; the middle part was generally constituted by scale layer, cortical layer and medullary layer; the root had no medullary layer, and the scale layer was wheatear-shaped. This was the property of rabbit hair, which could be used for comparative studies with other animal fiber and species identification. Rabbit hair had developed medullary layer, and fiber diameter was positively related to column number of medullary cavity. The hair generally was single column, and coarse hair was multi-column. Single rabbit hair was the finest in the tip, coarse in the middle and tapering in the root. The diameter difference of various parts was large, and the ex- ternal growth characteristics was spindle-shaped. [Conclusion] Using biological micro- scope method to identify different animal fur and product species is more objective and simple.

电膜萃取技术提取生物检材中滥用药物的研究进展

电膜萃取技术(EME)是一种绿色高效的新型样品前处理技术,因其选择性好、净化能力强等优点,近年来被广泛应用于食品分析、环境分析、药物分析以及法医毒物分析领域。该文总结了近五年EME在滥用药物提取中的研究进展,重点总结了EME从不同生物检材(如血液、尿液、唾液、毛发和组织等)中提取富集滥用药物的应用情况,特别关注了其对于毒品、新精神活性物质(NPS)以及临床类滥用药物的分离性能。同时,也探讨了EME应用于法医学领域面临的挑战,并展望了其未来的发展方向。

观看与意义的空间化:英语世界中的《白毛女》

作为社会主义文艺的一张“名片”,《白毛女》跨文化传播与接受的意义也溢出该作品本身,影响到海外对社会主义文艺的整体印象。通过提取、分析英语世界中有关《白毛女》的评论与中国学界意见参差不齐之处,可以辨析《白毛女》跨文化传播过程中意义演变的纹理。当《白毛女》跨越文化之“际”时,时事空间、文化空间和意义空间赋予了跨“际”形式不同的“空间化”的意义。在解放战争期间,西方观者是在时事空间中观看作品,通过戏剧事件了解时局。而在和平时期,文化空间超越时事空间成为影响意义生成的主要因素。解读者热衷于追寻特殊形式的地域意义。而在纵向时间轴和横向空间轴上影响更深远的是意义空间。妇女解放即是在更大程度上助力《白毛女》跨国接受的意义空间。

HAIR-AN综合征、白癜风、甲状腺功能减退并发1例

患者女，18岁。颈部、腋窝、腹股沟皮肤肥厚、色素沉着8年，颈部皮肤色素沉着表面白色斑片2年。皮肤科情况：颈部、腋窝、腹股沟皮肤肥厚、色素沉着，呈绒毛样增生。颈部皮肤色素沉着表面见约4．5em×3．0cm大小的色素脱失斑，周边见色素沉着晕。实验室检查：空腹和餐后2h血胰岛素水平分别为38．59μIU／mL（正常值2．0—30．5iμIU／mL）和1361μIU／mL（正常值11．5—99．65μIU／mL）。血睾酮水平113．5ng/dL（正常值10．0～75．0ng／dL）。3T功能：血清促甲状腺激素（TSH）〉100μIU／mL（正常值0．34～5．60DxlU／mL），FT32．9pmolZL（正常值3．8～6．0pmol／L），FT42．8pmol／L（正常值7．9～14．4pmol／L）。诊断：HAIR—AN综合征、白癜风、甲状腺功能减退并发。

Comparative Study on the Infrared Spectra of Straight Guard Hairs of Leopard Cat and Golden Cat

[Objective] The paper was to compare the infrared spectra of straight guard hairs of leopard cat and golden cat. [Method] The straight guard hairs of leopard cat and golden cat were detected and analyzed by FTIR （Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy）. [Result] There was significant interspecific difference in the infrared spectra and second derivative spectra for the middle part of guard hair. An evident M-shaped bimodal absorption peak appeared in golden cat at 648 and 654 cm-1, respectively, while did not appear in leopard cat. The second derivative spec-tra of golden cat at wave numbers from 709 to 763 cm -1 were mainly unimodal peaks with strong peak intensity, while that of leopard cat mainly was M-shaped bi-modal absorption peak with weak peak intensity. It indicated that there was obvious difference in the structure of protein side chain in guard hairs of these two animals. [Conclusion] The FTIR analysis showed great application foreground in the study of animal hairs for interspecific identification.

PADIs在毛囊周期和炎症性脱发中的作用机制研究进展

肽基精氨酸脱亚胺酶(peptidyl arginine deiminases,PADIs)表达于毛囊干细胞谱系,介导精氨酸转化为瓜氨酸,影响毛囊周期,在毛囊干细胞激活、谱系鉴定和分化中具有重要功能。瓜氨酸驱动促炎回路,中性粒细胞浸润,募集并激活T淋巴细胞,导致毛囊变性脱发。因此,瓜氨酸化具有调节毛囊再生并可能导致炎症性脱发的作用。本文就PADIs在毛囊周期和炎症性脱发中作用机制的研究进展进行综述。