tRNA^(Glu)-derived fragments from embryonic extracellular vesicles modulate bovine embryo hatching

Transfer RNA-derived small RNAs(tsRNAs)have been shown to be involved in early embryo development and repression of endogenous retroelements in embryos and stem cells.However,it is unknown whether tsRNAs also regulate embryo hatching.In this study,we mined the sequencing data of a previous experiment in which we demonstrated that the microRNA(miRNA)cargo of preimplantation embryonic extracellular vesicles(EVs)influences embryo development.We thus profiled the tsRNA cargo of EVs secreted by blastocysts and non-blastocysts.The majority of tsRNAs was identified as tRNA halves originating from the 5'ends of tRNAs.Among the 148 differentially expressed tsRNAs,the 19 nt tRNA fragment(tRF)tDR-14:32-Glu-CTC-1 was found to be significantly up-regulated in EVs derived from non-blastocysts.RT-qPCR assays confirmed its significant up-regulation in non-blastocyst embryos and their conditioned medium compared to the blastocyst group(P<0.05).Inhibition of tDR-14:32-Glu-CTC-1 by supplementing antagomirs to the conditioned medium improved embryo hatching(P<0.05).Transcriptomic analysis of embryos treated with tDR-14:32-Glu-CTC-1 antagomirs further showed differential expression of genes that are associated with embryo hatching and implantation.In summary,tDR-14:32-Glu-CTC-1 is up-regulated in non-blastocyst embryos and their secretions,and inhibition of tDR-14:32-Glu-CTC-1 promotes embryo hatching,while influencing embryo implantation-related genes and pathways.These results indicate that embryonic EVs containing specific tRFs may regulate preimplantation embryo development.

Double casing warhead with sandwiched charge:The axial distribution of fragments velocities

The double casing warhead with sandwiched charge is a novel fragmentation warhead that can produce two groups of fragments with different velocity,and the previous work has presented a calculation formula to determine the maximum fragment velocity.The current work builds on the published formula to further develop a formula for calculating the axial distribution characteristics of the fragment velocity.For this type of warhead,the simulation of the dispersion characteristics of the detonation products at different positions shows that the detonation products at the ends have a much larger axial velocity than those in the middle,and the detonation products have a greater axial dispersion velocity when they are closer to the central axis.The loading process and the fragment velocity vary with the axial position for both casing layers,and the total velocity of the fragments is the vector sum of the radial velocity and the axial velocity.At the same axial position,the acceleration time of the inner casing is greater than that of the outer casing.For the same casing,the fragments generated at the ends have a longer acceleration time than the fragments from the middle.The proposed formula is validated with the X-ray radiography results of the four warheads previously tested experimentally and the 3D smoothedparticle hydrodynamics numerical simulation results of several series of new warheads with different configurations.The formula can accurately and reliably calculate the fragment velocity when the lengthto-diameter ratio of the charge is greater than 1.5 and the thickness of the casing is less than 20%its inner radius.This work thus provides a key reference for the theoretical analysis and the design of warheads with multiple casings.

Exploring the regulatory mechanism of tRNA-derived fragments 36 in acute pancreatitis based on small RNA sequencing and experiments

BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a disease featuring acute inflammation of the pancreas and histological destruction of acinar cells.Approximately 20%of AP patients progress to moderately severe or severe pancreatitis,with a case fatality rate of up to 30%.However,a single indicator that can serve as the gold standard for prognostic prediction has not been discovered.Therefore,gaining deeper insights into the underlying mechanism of AP progression and the evolution of the disease and exploring effective biomarkers are important for early diagnosis,progression evaluation,and precise treatment of AP.AIM To determine the regulatory mechanisms of tRNA-derived fragments(tRFs)in AP based on small RNA sequencing and experiments.METHODS Small RNA sequencing and functional enrichment analyses were performed to identify key tRFs and the potential mechanisms in AP.Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)was conducted to determine tRF expression.AP cell and mouse models were created to investigate the role of tRF36 in AP progression.Lipase,amylase,and cytokine levels were assayed to examine AP progression.Ferritin expression,reactive oxygen species,malondialdehyde,and ferric ion levels were assayed to evaluate cellular ferroptosis.RNA pull down assays and methylated RNA immunoprecipitation were performed to explore the molecular mechanisms.RESULTS RT-qPCR results showed that tRF36 was significantly upregulated in the serum of AP patients,compared to healthy controls.Functional enrichment analysis indicated that target genes of tRF36 were involved in ferroptosisrelated pathways,including the Hippo signaling pathway and ion transport.Moreover,the occurrence of pancreatic cell ferroptosis was detected in AP cells and mouse models.The results of interference experiments and AP cell models suggested that tRF-36 could promote AP progression through the regulation of ferroptosis.Furthermore,ferroptosis gene microarray,database prediction,and immunoprecipitation suggested that tRF-36 accelerated the progression of AP by recruiting insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 3(IGF2BP3)to the p53 mRNA m6A modification site by binding to IGF2BP3,which enhanced p53 mRNA stability and promoted the ferroptosis of pancreatic follicle cells.CONCLUSION In conclusion,regulation of nuclear pre-mRNA domain-containing protein 1B promoted AP development by regulating the ferroptosis of pancreatic cells,thereby acting as a prospective therapeutic target for AP.In addition,this study provided a basis for understanding the regulatory mechanisms of tRFs in AP.

Relationships between distribution characteristics of ceramic fragments and anti-penetration performance of ceramic composite bulletproof insert plates

Through quantitative statistics and morphological characterization of ceramic fragments for ceramic composite bulletproof insert plates(CCBIPs),distribution characteristics of ceramic fragments within a specific size range were analyzed for different Armor Piercing Incendiary(API)and shot times.To quantitatively evaluate the effect of energy absorption for ceramic plates,a model of energy absorption during penetration for CCBIPs was established based on statistics of the size distribution of ceramic fragments(SDCF).Variation in the SDCF and its influence on energy absorption for CCBIPs were investigated.The results indicate that the distribution feature of ceramic fragments in the range of 0.25-2.25 mm is Gaussian distribution.Compared with Type 56 of API(56-API),ceramic fragments formed by 53-API with higher kinetic energy possess more quantity and more concentrated distribution,whose average equivalence size decreases by 6.5%,corresponding to increasing by 83.9%of estimated energy absorption.Besides,the ability of CCBIPs to resist the third shot is significantly weakened,whose estimated energy absorption decreases by 58.8%compared with the first shot.More concentrated distribution and fewer fragments are formed after the third shot,the average equivalence size of ceramic fragments increases by 6.9%,which may attribute to the micro-cracks induced by the previous two shots.

Lead spall velocity of fragments of ultra-high-performance concrete slabs under partially embedded cylindrical charge-induced explosion

When an explosion occurs close to or partially within the face of a concrete structure, fragments are rapidly launched from the opposite face of the structure owing to concrete spalling, posing a significant risk to nearby personnel and equipment. To study the lead fragment velocity of ultra-high-performance concrete(UHPC), partially embedded explosion experiments were performed on UHPC slabs of limited thickness using a cylindrical trinitrotoluene charge. The launch angles and velocities of the resulting fragments were the determined using images collected by high-speed camera to document the concrete spalling and fragment launching process. The results showed that UHPC slabs without fiber reinforcement had a fragment velocity distribution of 0-118.3 m/s, which are largely identical to that for a normal-strength concrete(NSC) slab. In addition, the fragment velocity was negatively correlated to the angle between the velocity vector and vertical direction. An empirical Eq. for the lead spall velocity of UHPC and NSC slabs was then proposed based on a large volume of existing experimental data.

SPAGINS:semiempirical parameterization for fragments in gamma-induced nuclear spallation

From the empirical phenomena of fragment distributions in nuclear spallation reactions,semiempirical formulas named SPAGINS were constructed to predict fragment cross-sections in high-energyγ-induced nuclear spallation reactions(PNSR).In constructing the SPAGINS formulas,theoretical models,including the TALYS toolkit,SPACS,and Rudstam formulas,were employed to study the general phenomenon of fragment distributions in PNSR with incident energies ranging from 100 to 1000 MeV.Considering the primary characteristics of PNSR,the SPAGINS formulas modify the EPAX and SPACS formulas and efficiently reproduce the measured data.The SPAGINS formulas provide a new and effective tool for predicting fragment production in PNSR.

Debris cloud structure and hazardous fragments distribution under hypervelocity yaw impact

This study investigates how the debris cloud structure and hazardous fragment distribution vary with attack angle by simulating a circular cylinder projectile hypervelocity impinging on a thin plate using the finite element-smoothed particle hydrodynamics(FE-SPH)adaptive method.Based on the comparison and analysis of the experimental and simulation results,the FE-SPH adaptive method was applied to address the hypervelocity yaw impact problem,and the variation law of the debris cloud structure with the attack angle was obtained.The screening criterion of the hazardous fragment at yaw impact is given by analyzing the debris formation obtained by the FE-SPH adaptive method,and the distribution characteristics of hazardous fragments and their relationship with the attack angle are given.Moreover,the velocity space was used to evaluate the distribution range and damage capability of asymmetric hazardous fragments.The maximum velocity angle was extended from fully symmetrical working conditions to asymmetrical cases to describe the asymmetrical debris cloud distribution range.In this range,the energy density was calculated to quantitatively analyze how much damage hazardous fragments inflict on the rear plate.The results showed that the number of hazardous fragments generated by the case near the 35°attack angle was the largest,the distribution range was the smallest,and the energy density was the largest.These results suggest that in this case,debris cloud generated by the impact had the strongest damage to the rear plate.

Effects of landscape fragmentation of plantation forests on carbon storage in the Loess Plateau,China

Tree plantation and forest restoration are the major strategies for enhancing terrestrial carbon sequestration and mitigating climate change.The Grain for Green Project in China has positively impacted global carbon sequestration and the trend towards fragmentation of plantation forests.Limited studies have been conducted on changes in plantation biomass and stand structure caused by fragmentation,and the effect of fragmentation on the carbon storage of plantation forests remains unclear.This study evaluated the differences between carbon storage and stand structure in black locust forests in fragmented and continuous landscape in the Ansai District,China and discussed the effects of ecological significance of four landscape indices on carbon storage and tree density.We used structural equation modelling to explore the direct and indirect effects of fragmentation,edge,abiotic factors,and stand structure on above-ground carbon storage.Diameter at breast height(DBH)in fragmented forests was 53.3%thicker,tree density was 40.9%lower,and carbon storage was 49.8%higher than those in continuous forests;for all given DBH>10 cm,the trees in fragmented forests were shorter than those in continuous forests.The patch area had a negative impact on carbon storage,i.e.,the higher the degree of fragmentation,the lower the density of the tree;and fragmentation and distance to edge(DTE)directly increased canopy coverage.However,canopy coverage directly decreased carbon storage,and fragmentation directly increased carbon storage and tree density.In non-commercial forests,fragmentation reduces the carbon storage potential of plantation,and the influence of patch area,edge,and patchy connection on plantation should be considered when follow-up trees are planted and for the plantation management.Thus,expanding the area of plantation patches,repairing the edges of complex-shaped patches,enhancing the connectivity of similar patches,and applying nutrients to plantation forests at regular intervals are recommended in fragmented areas of the Loess Plateau.

Progressive fragmentation of granular assemblies within rockslides: Insights from discrete-continuous numerical modeling

Rock fragmentation plays a critical role in rock avalanches,yet conventional approaches such as classical granular flow models or the bonded particle model have limitations in accurately characterizing the progressive disintegration and kinematics of multi-deformable rock blocks during rockslides.The present study proposes a discrete-continuous numerical model,based on a cohesive zone model,to explicitly incorporate the progressive fragmentation and intricate interparticle interactions inherent in rockslides.Breakable rock granular assemblies are released along an inclined plane and flow onto a horizontal plane.The numerical scenarios are established to incorporate variations in slope angle,initial height,friction coefficient,and particle number.The evolutions of fragmentation,kinematic,runout and depositional characteristics are quantitatively analyzed and compared with experimental and field data.A positive linear relationship between the equivalent friction coefficient and the apparent friction coefficient is identified.In general,the granular mass predominantly exhibits characteristics of a dense granular flow,with the Savage number exhibiting a decreasing trend as the volume of mass increases.The process of particle breakage gradually occurs in a bottom-up manner,leading to a significant increase in the angular velocities of the rock blocks with increasing depth.The simulation results reproduce the field observations of inverse grading and source stratigraphy preservation in the deposit.We propose a disintegration index that incorporates factors such as drop height,rock mass volume,and rock strength.Our findings demonstrate a consistent linear relationship between this index and the fragmentation degree in all tested scenarios.

Numerical and experimental investigation on hydraulic-electric rock fragmentation of heterogeneous granite

Hydraulic-electric rock fragmentation(HERF)plays a significant role in improving the efficiency of high voltage pulse rock breaking.However,the underlying mechanism of HERF remains unclear.In this study,considering the heterogeneity of the rock,microscopic thermodynamic properties,and shockwave time domain waveforms,based on the shockwave model,digital imaging technology and the discrete element method,the cyclic loading numerical simulations of HERF is achieved by coupling electrical,thermal,and solid mechanics under different formation temperatures,confining pressure,initial peak voltage,electrode bit diameter,and loading times.Meanwhile,the HERF discharge system is conducive to the laboratory experiments with various electrical parameters and the resulting broken pits are numerically reconstructed to obtain the geometric parameters.The results show that,the completely broken area consists of powdery rock debris.In the pre-broken zone,the mineral cementation of the rock determines the transition of type CⅠcracks to type CⅡand type CⅢcracks.Furthermore,the peak pressure of the shockwave increased with initial peak voltage but decreased with electrode bit diameter,while the wave front time reduced.Moreover,increasing well depth,formation temperature and confining pressure augment and inhibit HERF,but once confining pressure surpassed the threshold of 60 MPa for 152.40,215.90,and 228.60 mm electrode bits,and 40 MPa for 309.88 mm electrode bits,HERF is promoted.Additionally,for the same kind of rock,the volume and width of the broken pit increase with higher initial peak voltage and rock fissures will promote HERF.Eventually,the electrode drill bit with a 215.90 mm diameter is more suitable for drilling pink granite.This research contributes to a better microscopic understanding of HERF and provides valuable insights for electrode bit selection,as well as the optimization of circuit parameters for HERF technology.

The Impacts and Causes of Land Fragmentation on Farm Productivity: Case Review of East African Countries

This report provides an overall assessment of land fragmentation problems in East Africa. Many parts of East Africa have become highly fragmented, putting development systems and activities in these areas at risk of complete collapse. Land fragmentation occurs when land gets converted for agriculture, industrialization, or urbanization, invaded by non-local plants, or enclosed for individual use and by subdividing farmlands into subsequent smaller units called parcels with varying average farm sizes. Fragmentation results from inappropriate agricultural development processes and ineffective land use planning that fails to recognize how farmland is used, and the importance of its interconnected areas. Insecurity of tenure and resource rights are key factors in making this possible. Land fragmentation is one of the key reasons why the ability of most resources in East Africa becomes scarcer, and those remaining become “privatized” by more powerful community members—keen to maintain their access to them. Such individualistic attitudes are new and disadvantage the poorest even further by affecting the traditional customary safety nets and agricultural outputs. Neither the government nor customary governance systems effectively protect resource access for the poorest. This review summary report identifies the key causes, measures, and implications, government interventions, and the common remedies to land fragmentation problems in the East African Countries of Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, and Tanzania including neighboring Ethiopia, and the Sudan. The findings indicated from 2005 to 2015, the population kept increasing for all the named countries in East Africa with Rwanda and Uganda having a substantial increase in population density. The study review further explores the trend in the performance of agriculture by average farm sizes within the intervals of five years by highlighting their strong linkages and found that the average farm size has declined drastically, especially for Kenya. This can only mean that small farms kept becoming smaller and smaller and that there were more small-scale farmers. The results further depicted that the major and commonly cultivated food crops among the East African countries include maize, sorghum, rice, cassava, sweet potatoes, bananas, Irish potatoes, beans, peas, etc., with maize yields (Mt/ha) in 2003 for Uganda being the highest (1.79 Mt/ha) and the lowest in Rwanda (0.77 Mt/ha) respectively. Therefore, from the review results, recommendations are being made as to how the negative impacts of land fragmentation on agricultural productivity can be reduced or mitigated. One way is by community sensitization and awareness about the importance of land consolidation and its proposition on farm productivity.

The relationship between DNA fragmentation and the intensity of morphologically abnormal human spermatozoa

Objective:To determine the relationship between teratozoospermia and sperm DNA fragmentation(SDF)in the human ejaculate.Methods:This retrospective study included 100 normozoospermic men as a control cohort(abnormal forms>14%),210 patients with a high level of abnormal forms(≤4%)and 65 patients presenting with a moderate level of abnormal forms(>4%to≤14%)based on the World Health Organization definitions.Sperm morphology was assessed using bright field microscopy.Sperm DNA fragmentation was assessed using the sperm chromatin dispersion assay.Non-parametric analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between abnormal sperm morphology and sperm DNA fragmentation;receiver operating characteristic(ROC)analyses were conducted to assess sensitivity and specificity of this relationship.Results:A correlation analysis revealed that the higher the proportion of abnormal spermatozoa in the ejaculate,the higher the level of SDF(Spearman's Rho=-0.230;P<0.001).Significant differences in the proportion of SDF were found when all cohorts were compared(P<0.001);these significant differences were also retained when the different cohorts were compared pairwise.ROC analysis showed a moderate but significant predictive value for SDF to differentiate patients with different levels of teratozoospemia.Conclusions:Although analysis of a more continuous range of values for teratozoospermia would help further clarify any causal relationship with SDF,there is clearly a synergistic or coincident affiliation between these variables that needs to be acknowledged by the clinician when interpreting the spermiogram.

A possible probe to neutron-skin thickness by fragment parallel momentum distribution in projectile fragmentation reactions

Neutron-skin thickness is a key parameter for a neutron-rich nucleus;however,it is difficult to determine.In the framework of the Lanzhou Quantum Molecular Dynamics(LQMD)model,a possible probe for the neutron-skin thickness(δ_(np))of neutron-rich ^(48)Ca was studied in the 140A MeV ^(48)Ca+^(9)Be projectile fragmentation reaction based on the parallel momentum distribution(p∥)of the residual fragments.A Fermi-type density distribution was employed to initiate the neutron density distributions in the LQMD simulations.A combined Gaussian function with different width parameters for the left side(Γ_(L))and the right side(Γ_(R))in the distribution was used to describe the p∥of the residual fragments.Taking neutron-rich sulfur isotopes as examples,Γ_(L) shows a sensitive correlation withδ_(np) of ^(48)Ca,and is proposed as a probe for determining the neutron skin thickness of the projectile nucleus.

Edge computing oriented virtual optical network mapping scheme based on fragmentation prediction

As edge computing services soar,the problem of resource fragmentation situation is greatly worsened in elastic optical networks(EON).Aimed to solve this problem,this article proposes the fragmentation prediction model that makes full use of the gate recurrent unit(GRU)algorithm.Based on the fragmentation prediction model,one virtual optical network mapping scheme is presented for edge computing driven EON.With the minimum of fragmentation degree all over the whole EON,the virtual network mapping can be successively conducted.Test results show that the proposed approach can reduce blocking rate,and the supporting ability for virtual optical network services is greatly improved.

Establishing Submersed Macrophytes via Sinking and Colonization of Shoot Fragments Clipped off Manually

In this paper, sinking and growth of apexes and mid-stems of Myriophyllum spicatum L., Hydrilla verticillata （L.f.） Royle and Ceratophyllum demersum L. in concrete ponds containing eutrophic water and sediment were investigated. Sinking rates of apexes and mid-stems reached 34.8% and 4.4% at the 6 th day and 91.1% and 66.7% at the 22 nd day for M. spicatum, 57.8% and 55.6% at the 6 th day and 100% and 97.8% at the 22 nd day for H. vertieillata, 18.9% and 86.7% at the 6 th day and 95.6% and 100% at the 22 nd day for C. demersum, respectively. Most sunken fragments established themselves successfully with significant growth. Total shoot length ofplantlets developed from apexes and mid-stems increased by 399% and 61% for M. spicatum, 593% and 256% for H. vertieillata and 114% and 104% for C. demersum, respectively. The results showed that it was feasible to establish submersed macrophytes via sinking and colonization of shoot fragments clipped off manually.

Microcrack analysis of Sanya grantite fragments from rockburst tests

Fractures running along a plane reflect the cracking progress.In this paper uniaxial and rockburst tests on a group of granite specimens from Sanya province are described.Scanning electron microscopic imaging was used to characterize the fragments.Fractal fracture mechanics were used to analyze the microcracks in terms of both the crack type and the mineral constituent.A statistical analysis showed that the area of inter-granular cracking exceeds that of intra-granular cracking.Several types of crack were observed in the cracked areas.The percentage of intra-granular cracks in fragments from rockburst tests exceeds that from uniaxial compression tests.The results also showed that feldspar deformation was the main cause of fracture and that the consolidation along quartz grain boundaries was another weak area in the granite.Cracking along quartz grains had enough energy to enter the quartz crystal in the rockburst samples.All these results contribute to further research on rockburst mechanics.

Identification and isolation of Mu-flanking fragments from maize

Transposable elements have been utilized as mutagens to create mutant libraries for functional genomics. Isolation of genomic segments flanking the insertion Mutator （Mu） is a key step in insertion mutagenesis studies. Herein, we adopted a modified AFLP method to identify and isolate Mu-flanking fragments from maize. The method consists of the following steps： 1） double-digestion of genomic DNA with Bgl II/Msp I and ligation of digested fragments to the Bgl II- and Msp I-adaptors; 2） enrichment of a subset of Bgl II/Msp I fragments followed by selective amplification of the Mu-flanking fragments; 3） simultaneous display of AFLP bands derived from the flanking regions for both insert and native Mu transposons; 4） identification and isolation of AFLP bands resulting from Mu insertions by comparing the banding profiles between Mu-induced mutants and their parental lines; and 5） confirmation of flanking fragments related to these Mu insertions. Using this approach, we have isolated flanking fragment（s） resulting from Mu insertion for every Mu-induced mutant, and one such fragment, M196-FF, is found to contain a partial sequence of the DNA topoisomerase I gene Topl. Moreover, the modified AFLP method including all restriction enzymes, adaptors and primers has been optimized in this study. The modified AFLP method has been proved to be simple and efficient in the isolation of Mu-flanking fragments and will find its usefulness in the functional genomics of maize.

Projected area and drag coefficient of high velocity irregular fragments that rotate or tumble

3 degrees of freedom(DOF)exterior ballistic computer models are used in fragment studies to calculate individual trajectories of each fragment based on drag coefficient and the projected(presented)area in the direction of velocity of center of mass.The expectation of a randomly distributed projected area is commonly used for fragments that tumble(random rotation)during flight.We forecast a model where the expected drag coefficient is dependent of shape and Mach number.Rotation or tumbling only affects the expected projected area.Models of projected areas during tumbling and rotation are presented.An examination of the data by Mc Cleskey(1988)indicates that the volume of the fragment to the power of2/3 is a better parameter to characterize the drag coefficient of the fragments than the maximum projected area.Hydrocode simulations are used to verify results and to study projected area and drag coefficient of fragments.

Use of chondral fragments for one stage cartilage repair: A systematic review

AIM: To investigate the state of the art regarding Cartilage Autograft Implantation System(CAIS) or Particulated Juvenile Allograft Cartilage(PJAC).METHODS: The authors searched the English literature regarding CAIS and PJAC. The search strategy was:(particulated cartilage) OR autologous cartilage fragments. All basic science articles were included. Clinical articles with less than 10 patients treated and less than 6 mo of follow-up were excluded. With these criteria, a total of 17 articles were available for the present review. RESULTS: PJAC and CAIS are relatively novel techniques for cartilage repair. Good basic science evidence was described to support the concept. Although the preliminary clinical reports show encouraging results, clinical data are still limited, especially for CAIS. The indications for both techniques need to be precisely defined(age of the patients, size of the lesion, and involvement of the subchondral bone), together with other debated issues. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the authors can state that encouraging preliminary results are available for both techniques. However, further studies are necessary to precisely determine the indications, surgical techniques, and long term outcomes for PJAC and CAIS.

Concurrent removal of intravitreal lens fragments after phacoemulsification with pars plana vitrectomy prevents development of retinal detachment

AIM: To evaluate the outcomes of "concurrent vitrectomy" to retrieve dislocated lens fragment during phacoemulsification.METHODS: In a retrospective, observational case series, data of patients who underwent "concurrent" pars plana vitrectomy(PPV) for dislocated lens fragments between the period 2000 and 2008 were reviewed. Data collected included patient demographics, pre-operative visual acuity, intra-operative occurrence of retinal breaks, duration of follow up, post-operative intraocular pressure, final best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),presence of cystoid macular edema(CME) and occurrence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD).· RESULTS: A total of 58 eyes of 58 patients were included in the study. At 12 mo the mean postoperative BCVA was log MAR 0.17(20/30) with a range of log MAR0 to 0.69(20/20 to 20/100), with 96.6%(56/58) of patients showing post- operative improvement in visual acuity(P =0.005). None of the patients developed postoperative retinal detachment, endophthalmitis or non-resolving uveitis at 12 mo.CONCLUSION: Our study results suggest concurrent PPV for retained lens fragments after cataract surgery is beneficial and may decrease the risk of glaucoma and prevent development of RRD.