In order to investigate the effects of secondary electrons, which are emitted from the wall, on the performance of a thruster, a one-dimensional fluid model of the plasma sheath in double walls is applied to study the...In order to investigate the effects of secondary electrons, which are emitted from the wall, on the performance of a thruster, a one-dimensional fluid model of the plasma sheath in double walls is applied to study the characteristics of a magnetized sheath. The effects of secondary electron emission (SEE) coefficients and trapping coefficients, as well as magnetic field, on the structure of the plasma sheath are investigated. The results show that sheath potential and wall potential rise with the increment of SEE coefficient and trapping coefficient which results in a reduced sheath thickness. In addition, magnetic field strength will influence the sheath potential distributions.展开更多
In this paper, a two-dimensional physical model is established in a Hall thruster sheath region to investigate the influences of the electron temperature and the propellant on the sheath potential drop and the seconda...In this paper, a two-dimensional physical model is established in a Hall thruster sheath region to investigate the influences of the electron temperature and the propellant on the sheath potential drop and the secondary electron emission in the Hall thruster, by the particle-in-cell (PIC) method. The numerical results show that when the electron temperature is relatively low, the change of sheath potential drop is relatively large, the surface potential maintains a stable value and the stability of the sheath is good. When the electron temperature is relatively high, the surface potential maintains a persistent oscillation, and the stability of the sheath reduces. As the electron temperature increases, the secondary electron emission coefficient on the wall increases. For three kinds of propellants (At, Kr, and Xe), as the ion mass increases the sheath potentials and the secondary electron emission coefficients reduce in sequence.展开更多
The secondary electron emission(SEE) and inclined magnetic field are typical features at the channel wall of the Hall thruster acceleration region(AR), and the characteristics of the magnetized sheath have a significa...The secondary electron emission(SEE) and inclined magnetic field are typical features at the channel wall of the Hall thruster acceleration region(AR), and the characteristics of the magnetized sheath have a significant effect on the radial potential distribution, ion radial acceleration and wall erosion. In this work, the magnetohydrodynamics model is used to study the characteristics of the magnetized sheath with SEE in the AR of Hall thruster. The electrons are assumed to obey non-extensive distribution, the ions and secondary electrons are magnetized.Based on the Sagdeev potential, the modified Bohm criterion is derived, and the influences of the non-extensive parameter and magnetic field on the AR sheath structure and parameters are discussed. Results show that, with the decrease of the parameter q, the high-energy electron leads to an increase of the potential drop in the sheath, and the sheath thickness expands accordingly,the kinetic energy rises when ions reach the wall, which can aggravate the wall erosion.Increasing the magnetic field inclination angle in the AR of the Hall thruster, the Lorenz force along the x direction acting as a resistance decelerating ions becomes larger which can reduce the wall erosion, while the strength of magnetic field in the AR has little effect on Bohm criterion and wall potential. The propellant type also has a certain effect on the values of wall potential,secondary electron number density and sheath thickness.展开更多
A one-dimensional slab model of the plasma sheath in the stationary plasma thruster (SPT) chamber is developed in this study. It is considered that secondary electrons emitted from ceramic walls are partially trappe...A one-dimensional slab model of the plasma sheath in the stationary plasma thruster (SPT) chamber is developed in this study. It is considered that secondary electrons emitted from ceramic walls are partially trapped by the bulk plasma in the SPT chamber; some secondary electrons drift across the sheath where they are generated and the bulk and move towards the opposite sheath. Thus both the secondary electron emission (SEE) from one sheath and the partially trapped secondary electrons from the opposite sheath contribute to this sheath. The results indicate that both the SEE coefficient and trapping coefficient have a significant impact not only on the distributions of both electrons and ions of the SPT sheath but also on the energy flux loss to the SPT wall. When the trapping coefficient increases, the energy flux of electrons deposited to the walls will increase whereas that of ions will decrease. Besides, the critical electron temperature will decrease greatly with the increase of the trapping coefficient.展开更多
It is assumed that the shift of a strong magnetic field region with a positive gradient from exit plane to outside, namely the transit from a normal loaded magnetic field to an aft-loaded one, enhances the multiple io...It is assumed that the shift of a strong magnetic field region with a positive gradient from exit plane to outside, namely the transit from a normal loaded magnetic field to an aft-loaded one, enhances the multiple ionization process in the magnetically shielded Hall thruster. To confirm this conjecture, a comparative study is carried out numerically with a particle-in-cell method. The simulation results prove that compared with the normal loaded magnetic field, the application of aft-loaded magnetic field enhances the multiple ionization process. This study further analyzes the ionization characteristics of the transition from low-charged ions to high-charged ions under two magnetic field conditions and the influence of the magnetic strength of aft-loaded magnetic field on the multiple ionization characteristics. The study described herein is useful for understanding the discharge characteristics of Hall thruster with an aft-loaded magnetic field.展开更多
This paper presents a method to measure the in situ magnetic field in a Hall thruster by optical non-invasive means, based on the optical Faraday rotation effect.This method does not affect the discharge of the thrust...This paper presents a method to measure the in situ magnetic field in a Hall thruster by optical non-invasive means, based on the optical Faraday rotation effect.This method does not affect the discharge of the thruster.Furthermore, its time resolution depends on the speed of the photodetector, and measurement at a MHz scale can be achieved.展开更多
The distribution of magnetic field in Hall thruster channel has significant effect on its discharge process and wall plasma sheath characteristics. By creating physical models for the wall sheath region and adopting t...The distribution of magnetic field in Hall thruster channel has significant effect on its discharge process and wall plasma sheath characteristics. By creating physical models for the wall sheath region and adopting two-dimensional particle in cell simulation method, this work aims to investigate the effects of magnitude and direction of magnetic field and ion velocity on the plasma sheath characteristics. The simulation results show that magnetic field magnitudes have small impact on the sheath potential and the secondary electron emission coefficient, magnetic azimuth between the magnetic field direction and the channel radial direction is proportional to the absolute value of the sheath potential, but inversely proportional to the secondary electron emission coefficient. With the increase of the ion incident velocity, secondary electron emission coefficient is enhanced, however, electron density number, sheath potential and radial electric field are decreased. When the boundary condition is determined, with an increase of the sinmlation area radial scale, the sheath potential oscillation is aggravated, and the stability of the sheath is reduced.展开更多
在磁场不变的情况下,随着霍尔(Hall)推力器放电电压的提高,其通道内的最大电子温度会在一定的电压区间内出现"饱和"现象。为进一步理解这一现象,在完成了变电压不变磁场PIC(Particle in cell)模拟的基础上,首先分析了电子能...在磁场不变的情况下,随着霍尔(Hall)推力器放电电压的提高,其通道内的最大电子温度会在一定的电压区间内出现"饱和"现象。为进一步理解这一现象,在完成了变电压不变磁场PIC(Particle in cell)模拟的基础上,首先分析了电子能量的平衡机制的构成要素和最大电子温度的影响因素,进而对各个影响因素在变电压下的变化趋势进行了研究。结果显示:最大电子温度点上游区域的电场加热效应是最大电子温度变化的主导因素,而上游区域的电子与壁面碰撞效应对最大电子温度的变化起到一定的调节作用。在高电压下,由于磁场无法有效束缚电子,上游区域的电子数密度急剧降低,导致电子壁面碰撞能量损失大幅降低,使得碰撞损失对最大电子温度的影响变得较为微弱。进一步指出了磁场在霍尔推力器变电压运行中的核心地位,并提出了高电压放电优化的2个方向:增大放电磁场以及更换二次电子发射系数更高的陶瓷壁面。展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.10975026,10875024,11005025,11275034)the Scientific Research Program of the Education Bureau of Liaoning Province,China(No.2009A047)the State Key Development for Basic Research of China(Nos.2009GB105004,2009GB106002)
文摘In order to investigate the effects of secondary electrons, which are emitted from the wall, on the performance of a thruster, a one-dimensional fluid model of the plasma sheath in double walls is applied to study the characteristics of a magnetized sheath. The effects of secondary electron emission (SEE) coefficients and trapping coefficients, as well as magnetic field, on the structure of the plasma sheath are investigated. The results show that sheath potential and wall potential rise with the increment of SEE coefficient and trapping coefficient which results in a reduced sheath thickness. In addition, magnetic field strength will influence the sheath potential distributions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.10975026,11275034,and 11175052)the Key Project of Science andTechnology of Liaoning Province,China(Grant No.2011224007)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Ministry of Educationof China(Grant No.3132014328)
文摘In this paper, a two-dimensional physical model is established in a Hall thruster sheath region to investigate the influences of the electron temperature and the propellant on the sheath potential drop and the secondary electron emission in the Hall thruster, by the particle-in-cell (PIC) method. The numerical results show that when the electron temperature is relatively low, the change of sheath potential drop is relatively large, the surface potential maintains a stable value and the stability of the sheath is good. When the electron temperature is relatively high, the surface potential maintains a persistent oscillation, and the stability of the sheath reduces. As the electron temperature increases, the secondary electron emission coefficient on the wall increases. For three kinds of propellants (At, Kr, and Xe), as the ion mass increases the sheath potentials and the secondary electron emission coefficients reduce in sequence.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 11975062, 11605021, 11975088)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2017M621120)。
文摘The secondary electron emission(SEE) and inclined magnetic field are typical features at the channel wall of the Hall thruster acceleration region(AR), and the characteristics of the magnetized sheath have a significant effect on the radial potential distribution, ion radial acceleration and wall erosion. In this work, the magnetohydrodynamics model is used to study the characteristics of the magnetized sheath with SEE in the AR of Hall thruster. The electrons are assumed to obey non-extensive distribution, the ions and secondary electrons are magnetized.Based on the Sagdeev potential, the modified Bohm criterion is derived, and the influences of the non-extensive parameter and magnetic field on the AR sheath structure and parameters are discussed. Results show that, with the decrease of the parameter q, the high-energy electron leads to an increase of the potential drop in the sheath, and the sheath thickness expands accordingly,the kinetic energy rises when ions reach the wall, which can aggravate the wall erosion.Increasing the magnetic field inclination angle in the AR of the Hall thruster, the Lorenz force along the x direction acting as a resistance decelerating ions becomes larger which can reduce the wall erosion, while the strength of magnetic field in the AR has little effect on Bohm criterion and wall potential. The propellant type also has a certain effect on the values of wall potential,secondary electron number density and sheath thickness.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.10605008,10875024)
文摘A one-dimensional slab model of the plasma sheath in the stationary plasma thruster (SPT) chamber is developed in this study. It is considered that secondary electrons emitted from ceramic walls are partially trapped by the bulk plasma in the SPT chamber; some secondary electrons drift across the sheath where they are generated and the bulk and move towards the opposite sheath. Thus both the secondary electron emission (SEE) from one sheath and the partially trapped secondary electrons from the opposite sheath contribute to this sheath. The results indicate that both the SEE coefficient and trapping coefficient have a significant impact not only on the distributions of both electrons and ions of the SPT sheath but also on the energy flux loss to the SPT wall. When the trapping coefficient increases, the energy flux of electrons deposited to the walls will increase whereas that of ions will decrease. Besides, the critical electron temperature will decrease greatly with the increase of the trapping coefficient.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52076054 and 51736003)Advanced Space Propulsion Laboratory of Beijing Institute of Control Engineering and Beijing Engineering Research Center of Efficient and Green Aerospace Propulsion Technology (No. Lab ASP2019-04)+1 种基金the Civil Aerospace Technology Pre-research Project (No. D03015)the Defense Industrial Technology Development Program (No. JCKY2019603B005)。
文摘It is assumed that the shift of a strong magnetic field region with a positive gradient from exit plane to outside, namely the transit from a normal loaded magnetic field to an aft-loaded one, enhances the multiple ionization process in the magnetically shielded Hall thruster. To confirm this conjecture, a comparative study is carried out numerically with a particle-in-cell method. The simulation results prove that compared with the normal loaded magnetic field, the application of aft-loaded magnetic field enhances the multiple ionization process. This study further analyzes the ionization characteristics of the transition from low-charged ions to high-charged ions under two magnetic field conditions and the influence of the magnetic strength of aft-loaded magnetic field on the multiple ionization characteristics. The study described herein is useful for understanding the discharge characteristics of Hall thruster with an aft-loaded magnetic field.
基金the support of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51807006)
文摘This paper presents a method to measure the in situ magnetic field in a Hall thruster by optical non-invasive means, based on the optical Faraday rotation effect.This method does not affect the discharge of the thruster.Furthermore, its time resolution depends on the speed of the photodetector, and measurement at a MHz scale can be achieved.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11275034,11175052,11005025,10975026,11375039)Key Project of Science and Technology of Liaoning Province,China(No.2011224007)
文摘The distribution of magnetic field in Hall thruster channel has significant effect on its discharge process and wall plasma sheath characteristics. By creating physical models for the wall sheath region and adopting two-dimensional particle in cell simulation method, this work aims to investigate the effects of magnitude and direction of magnetic field and ion velocity on the plasma sheath characteristics. The simulation results show that magnetic field magnitudes have small impact on the sheath potential and the secondary electron emission coefficient, magnetic azimuth between the magnetic field direction and the channel radial direction is proportional to the absolute value of the sheath potential, but inversely proportional to the secondary electron emission coefficient. With the increase of the ion incident velocity, secondary electron emission coefficient is enhanced, however, electron density number, sheath potential and radial electric field are decreased. When the boundary condition is determined, with an increase of the sinmlation area radial scale, the sheath potential oscillation is aggravated, and the stability of the sheath is reduced.
文摘在磁场不变的情况下,随着霍尔(Hall)推力器放电电压的提高,其通道内的最大电子温度会在一定的电压区间内出现"饱和"现象。为进一步理解这一现象,在完成了变电压不变磁场PIC(Particle in cell)模拟的基础上,首先分析了电子能量的平衡机制的构成要素和最大电子温度的影响因素,进而对各个影响因素在变电压下的变化趋势进行了研究。结果显示:最大电子温度点上游区域的电场加热效应是最大电子温度变化的主导因素,而上游区域的电子与壁面碰撞效应对最大电子温度的变化起到一定的调节作用。在高电压下,由于磁场无法有效束缚电子,上游区域的电子数密度急剧降低,导致电子壁面碰撞能量损失大幅降低,使得碰撞损失对最大电子温度的影响变得较为微弱。进一步指出了磁场在霍尔推力器变电压运行中的核心地位,并提出了高电压放电优化的2个方向:增大放电磁场以及更换二次电子发射系数更高的陶瓷壁面。